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Trial application of the envelope method to the potential ambiguity problem

nuclear Science and Techniques 2024年第1期35卷 73-80页

作者： Li-Yuan Hu Yu-Shou Song Fundamental Science on nuclear Safety and Simulation Technology Laboratory Harbin Engineering UniversityHarbin 150001China College of nuclear Science and Technology Harbin Engineering UniversityHarbin 150001China Key Laboratory of nuclear Safety and Advanced nuclear Energy Technology Ministry of Industry and Information TechnologyHarbin 150001China

The optical potential ambiguity is a long-standing problem in the analysis of elastic scattering *** a specific collid-ing system,ambiguous potential families can lead to different behaviors in the nearside and farside scattering *** contrast,the envelope method can decompose the experimental data into two components with negative and positive deflection angles,***,a question arises as to whether the comparison between the calculated nearside(or farside)component and the derived positive-deflection-angle(or negative-deflection-angle)component can help analyze the potential ambiguity *** this study,we conducted a trial application of the envelope method to the potential ambiguity *** envelope method was improved by including uncertainties in the experimental *** colliding systems of 16O+28Si at 215.2 MeV and 12C+12C at 1016 MeV were considered in the *** each colliding system,the angular distribution experimental data were described nearly equally well by two potential sets,one of which is“surface transpar-ent”and the other is *** calculated angular distributions were decomposed into nearside and farside scattering *** the improved envelope method,the experimental data were decomposed into the positive-deflection-angle and negative-deflection-angle components,which were then compared with the calculated nearside and farside *** capability of the envelope method to analyze the potential ambiguities was also discussed.

关键词： Elastic scattering Optical potential ambiguities Envelope method Nearside/farside decomposition

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Deep eutectic solvents:Green multi-task agents for sustainable super green hydrogen technologies

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Journal of Energy Chemistry 2024年第5期92卷 357-382页

作者： Raiyan Al-Farsi Maan Hayyan Renewable Energy engineering program Faculty of Engineering and TechnologyMuscat UniversityMuscat 130Oman Chemical engineering program Faculty of Engineering and TechnologyMuscat UniversityMuscat 130Oman

While reliance on renewable energy resources has become a reality, there is still a need to deploy greener and more sustainable methods in order to achieve sustainable development goals. Indeed, green hydrogen is currently believed to be a reliable solution for global warming and the pollution challenges arising from fossil fuels, making it the resilient fuel of the future. However, the sustainability of green hydrogen technologies is yet to be achieved. In this context, generation of green hydrogen with the aid of deep eutectic solvents(DESs) as green mixtures has been demonstrated as a promising research area. This systematic review article covers green hydrogen generation through water splitting and biomass fermentation when DESs are utilized within the generation process. It also discusses the incorporation of DESs in fuel cell technologies. DESs can play a variety of roles such as solvent, electrolyte, or precursor;colloidal suspension and reaction medium;galvanic replacement, shape-controlling, decoration, or extractive agent;finally oxidant. These roles are relevant to several methods of green hydrogen generation, including electrocatalysis, photocatalysis, and fermentation. As such, it is of utmost importance to screen potential DES formulations and determine how they can function in and contribute throughout the green hydrogen mobility stages. The realization of super green hydrogen generation stands out as a pivotal milestone in our journey towards achieving a more sustainable form of development;DESs have great potential in making this milestone achievable. Overall, incorporating DESs in hydrogen generation constitutes a promising research area and offers potential scalability for green hydrogen production, storage,transport, and utilization.

关键词： Watersplitting Biohydrogen Super green hydrogen Electrocatalysis Photocatalysis Fuel cell Power-to-X

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Thermal stability of the Cr-coated zirconium alloy microstructure prepared by pulsed laser deposition

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Tungsten 2024年第2期6卷 333-341页

作者： Bo Li Hui-Long Yang Reuben Holmes Li-Juan Cui Sho Kano Hiroaki Abe Department of nuclear engineering and Management The University of TokyoTokyo 113-8656Japan School of nuclear Science and engineering Shanghai Jiao Tong UniversityShanghai 200240China nuclear Professional School The University of TokyoIbaraki 319-1188Japan

Cr-coated zirconium alloy was prepared by pulsed laser deposition(PLD)for the application of accident-tolerant fuel cladding in light water *** microstructural characteristics of the Cr coating and its evolution with temperature were investigated using grazing incidence X-ray diff raction and in situ heating transmission electron microscopy(TEM).Results show that the microstructure of the laser-deposited Cr coatings consists mainly of fine and non-specific shaped nano-crystals in the inner layer and columnar crystals in the outer *** recrystallization of the Cr-coating layer starts at 300–400℃ to release the high strain introduced by PLD,and the grain coalescence starts at temperatures>400°*** annealing,the(110)-texture gradually intensifi es because of its high reticular density and low close-packed ***,in situ heating TEM observation shows the presence of cavities on the Cr–Zr interface,which may result from the interdiff usion and/or the transformation from amorphous to crystalline.

关键词： Accident tolerant fuel Crcoating Interface Microstructure Pulsed laser deposition

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An efficient parallel algorithm of variational nodal method for heterogeneous neutron transport problems

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nuclear Science and Techniques 2024年第4期35卷 29-45页

作者： Han Yin Xiao-Jing Liu Teng-Fei Zhang School of nuclear Science and engineering Shanghai Jiao Tong UniversityShanghai 2002040China

The heterogeneous variational nodal method(HVNM)has emerged as a potential approach for solving high-fidelity neutron transport ***,achieving accurate results with HVNM in large-scale problems using high-fidelity models has been challenging due to the prohibitive computational *** paper presents an efficient parallel algorithm tailored for HVNM based on the Message Passing Interface *** algorithm evenly distributes the response matrix sets among processors during the matrix formation process,thus enabling independent construction without *** the formation tasks are completed,a collective operation merges and shares the matrix sets among the *** the solution process,the problem domain is decomposed into subdomains assigned to specific processors,and the red-black Gauss-Seidel iteration is employed within each subdomain to solve the response matrix ***-to-point communication is conducted between adjacent subdomains to exchange data along the *** accuracy and efficiency of the parallel algorithm are verified using the KAIST and JRR-3 test *** results obtained with multiple processors agree well with those obtained from Monte Carlo *** parallelization of HVNM results in eigenvalue errors of 31 pcm/-90 pcm and fission rate RMS errors of 1.22%/0.66%,respectively,for the 3D KAIST problem and the 3D JRR-3 *** addition,the parallel algorithm significantly reduces computation time,with an efficiency of 68.51% using 36 processors in the KAIST problem and 77.14% using 144 processors in the JRR-3 problem.

关键词： Neutron transport Variational nodal method Parallelization KAIST JRR-3

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Control system design for a pressure-tube-type supercritical water-cooled nuclear reactor via a higher order sliding mode method

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nuclear Science and Techniques 2024年第1期35卷 145-154页

作者： M.Hajipour G.R.Ansarifar Department of nuclear engineering Faculty of PhysicsUniversity of IsfahanIsfahan 81746-73441Iran

nuclear power plants exhibit non-linear and time-variable ***,designing a control system that sets the reactor power and forces it to follow the desired load is complicated.A supercritical water reactor(SCWR)is a fourth-generation conceptual *** an SCWR,the non-linear dynamics of the reactor require a controller capable of control-ling the *** this study,a pressure-tube-type SCWR was controlled during reactor power maneuvering with a higher order sliding mode,and the reactor outgoing steam temperature and pressure were controlled *** an SCWR,the temperature,pressure,and power must be maintained at a setpoint(desired value)during power *** point kinetics equations with three groups of delayed neutrons were used in the ***-order and classic sliding mode controllers were separately manufactured to control the plant and were compared with the PI controllers speci-fied in previous *** controlled parameters were reactor power,steam temperature,and ***,for these parameters,the PI controller had certain instabilities in the presence of *** classic sliding mode controller had a higher accuracy and stability;however its main drawback was the chattering *** was highly accurate and stable and had a small computational *** reality,it followed the desired values without oscillations and chattering.

关键词： Supercritical water nuclear reactor Higher order sliding mode controller Steam temperature Steam pressure Point kinetics model

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Kinematic calibration under the expectation maximization framework for exoskeletal inertial motion capture system

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Journal of Systems engineering and Electronics 2024年第3期35卷 769-779页

作者： QIN Weiwei GUO Wenxin HU Chen LIU Gang SONG Tainian School of nuclear engineering Rocket Force University of EngineeringXi’an 710025China

This study presents a kinematic calibration method for exoskeletal inertial motion capture (EI-MoCap) system with considering the random colored noise such as gyroscopic *** this method, the geometric parameters are calibrated by the traditional calibration method at first. Then, in order to calibrate the parameters affected by the random colored noise, the expectation maximization (EM) algorithm is introduced. Through the use of geometric parameters calibrated by the traditional calibration method, the iterations under the EM framework are decreased and the efficiency of the proposed method on embedded system is improved. The performance of the proposed kinematic calibration method is compared to the traditional calibration method. Furthermore, the feasibility of the proposed method is verified on the EI-MoCap system. The simulation and experiment demonstrate that the motion capture precision is significantly improved by 16.79%and 7.16%respectively in comparison to the traditional calibration method.

关键词： human motion capture kinematic calibration exoskeleton gyroscopic drift expectation maximization(EM)

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Artificial neural network-based method for discriminating Compton scattering events in high-purity germaniumγ-ray spectrometer

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nuclear Science and Techniques 2024年第2期35卷 64-84页

作者： Chun-Di Fan Guo-Qiang Zeng Hao-Wen Deng Lei Yan Jian Yang Chuan-Hao Hu Song Qing Yang Hou College of nuclear Technology and Automation engineering Chengdu University of TechnologyChengdu 610059China

To detect radioactive substances with low activity levels,an anticoincidence detector and a high-purity germanium(HPGe)detector are typically used simultaneously to suppress Compton scattering background,thereby resulting in an extremely low detection limit and improving the measurement ***,the complex and expensive hardware required does not facilitate the application or promotion of this ***,a method is proposed in this study to discriminate the digital waveform of pulse signals output using an HPGe detector,whereby Compton scattering background is suppressed and a low minimum detectable activity(MDA)is achieved without using an expensive and complex anticoincidence detector and *** electric-field-strength and energy-deposition distributions of the detector are simulated to determine the relationship between pulse shape and energy-deposition location,as well as the characteristics of energy-deposition distributions for fulland partial-energy deposition *** relationship is used to develop a pulse-shape-discrimination algorithm based on an artificial neural network for pulse-feature *** accurately determine the relationship between the deposited energy of gamma(γ)rays in the detector and the deposition location,we extract four shape parameters from the pulse signals output by the *** learning is used to input the four shape parameters into the ***,the pulse signals are identified and classified to discriminate between partial-and full-energy deposition *** partial-energy deposition events are removed to suppress Compton *** proposed method effectively decreases the MDA of an HPGeγ-energy dispersive *** results show that the Compton suppression factors for energy spectra obtained from measurements on ^(152)Eu,^(137)Cs,and ^(60)Co radioactive sources are 1.13(344 keV),1.11(662 keV),and 1.08(1332 keV),respectively,and that the corresponding MDAs are 1.4%,5.

关键词： High-purity germaniumγ-ray spectrometer Pulse-shape discrimination Compton scattering Artificial neural network Minimum detectable activity

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Development of CONTHAC-3D and hydrogen distribution analysis of HPR1000

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nuclear Science and Techniques 2024年第2期35卷 210-221页

作者： Hui Wang Jing-Jing Li Yuan Chang Gong-Lin Li Ming Ding China nuclear Power engineering Co.LTD. Beijing 100084China Fundamental Science on nuclear Safety and Simulation Technology Laboratory Harbin 100049China

An in-house code,CONTHAC-3D,was developed to calculate and analyze thermal-hydraulic phenomena in containments during severe ***-3D is a three-dimensional computational fluid dynamics code that can be applied to predict gas flow,diffusion,and steam condensation in a containment during a severe hypothetical accident,as well as to obtain an estimate of the local hydrogen concentration in various zones of the ***-3D was developed using multiple models to simulate the features of the proprietary systems and equipment of HPR1000 and ACP100,such as the passive cooling system,passive autocatalytic recombiners and the passive air cooling *** validate CONTHAC-3D,a GX6 test was performed at the Battelle Model Containment *** hydrogen concentration and temperature monitored by the GX6 test are accurately predicted by ***,the hydrogen distribution in the HPR1000 containment during a severe accident was *** results show that the hydrogen removal rates calculated using CONTHAC-3D for different types of PARs agree well with the theoretical values,with an error of less than 1%.As the accident progresses,the hydrogen concentration in the lower compartment becomes higher than that in the large space,which implies that the lower compartment has a higher hydrogen risk than the dome and large space at a later stage of the *** amount of hydrogen removed by the PARs placed on the floor of the compartment is small;therefore,raising the installation height of these recombiners appropriately is ***,we do not recommend installing all autocatalytic recombiners at high *** study findings in regard to the hydrogen distribution in the HPR1000 containment indicate that CONTHAC-3D can be applied to the study of hydrogen risk containment.

关键词： Hydrogen risk mitigation Pressurized water reactor HPR1000 Thermal hydraulic CONTHAC-3D

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Effect of Al_(2)O_(3)on the Mechanical Properties of(B_(4)C+Al_(2)O_(3))/Al Neutron Absorbing Materials

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Acta Metallurgica Sinica(English Letters) 2024年第8期37卷 1411-1420页

作者： J.X.Cai B.M.Shi N.Li Y.Liu Z.G.Zhang Y.N.Zan Q.Z.Wang B.L.Xiao Z.Y.Ma Shi‑Changxu Innovation Center for Advanced Materials Institute of Metal ResearchChinese Academy of SciencesShenyang 110016China Key Laboratory of nuclear Materials and Safety Assessment Institute of Metal ResearchChinese Academy of SciencesShenyang 110016China nuclear Equipment Division Beijing Institute of Nuclear EngineeringChina Nuclear Power Engineering Co.Ltd.Beijing 100840China Department of Materials Science School of Mechanical EngineeringShenyang UniversityShenyang 110044China

B_(4)C/Al composites are widely utilized as neutron absorbing materials for the storage and transportation of spent nuclear *** order to improve the high-temperature mechanical properties of B_(4)C/Al composites,in-situ nano-Al_(2)O_(3)was introduced utilizing oxide on Al powder *** this study,the Al_(2)O_(3)content was adjusted by utilizing spheroid Al powder with varying diameters,thereby investigating the impact of Al_(2)O_(3)content on the tensile properties of(B_(4)C+Al_(2)O_(3))/Al *** was found that the pinning effect of Al_(2)O_(3)on the grain boundaries could hinder the recovery of dislocations and lead to dislocation accumulation at high *** the result,with the increase in Al_(2)O_(3)content and the decrease in grain size,the high-temperature strength of the composites increased *** finest Al powder used in this investigation had a diameter of 1.4μm,whereas the resultant composite exhibited a maximum strength of 251 MPa at room temperature and 133 MPa at 350℃,surpassing that of traditional B_(4)C/Al composites.

关键词： Al matrix composites Neutron absorbing materials (B_(4)C+Al_(2)O_(3))/Al composites High-temperature strength

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Response characteristics of PWR primary circuit under SBLOCAs considering steam bypass discharging

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nuclear Science and Techniques 2024年第6期35卷 189-201页

作者： Shuai Yang Xiang-Bin Li Yu-Sheng Liu Jia-Ning Xu De-Chen Zhang School of nuclear Science and engineering North China Electric Power UniversityBeijing 102206China Beijing Key Laboratory of Passive Safety Technology for nuclear Energy Beijing 102206China nuclear and Radiation Safety Center MEPBeijing 100084China

Small-break superposed station blackout(SBO)accidents are the basic design accidents of nuclear power *** the condition of a small break in the cold leg,SBO further increases the severity of the accident,and the steam bypass discharg-ing system(GCT)in the second circuit can play an important role in guaranteeing core *** explore the influence of the GCT on the thermal-hydraulic characteristics of the primary circuit,RELAP5 software was used to establish a numerical model based on a typical pressurized water reactor nuclear power *** different small breaks in the cold-leg super-posed SBO were selected,and the impact of the GCT operation on the transient response characteristics of the primary and secondary circuit systems was *** results show that the GCT plays an indispensable role in core heat removal during an accident;otherwise,core safety cannot be *** GCT was used in conjunction with the primary safety injection system during the placement *** the break diameter was greater than a certain critical value,the core cooling rate could not be guaranteed to be less than 100 K/h;however,the core remained in a safe state.

关键词： Steam bypass discharging Pressurized water reactor SBLOCA Numerical simulation

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