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Genetic variation for phytic acid content in mungbean(Vigna radiata L. Wilczek)

The Crop Journal 2015年第2期3卷 157-162页

作者： Vinod Janardan Dhole Kandali Srinivasalu Reddy nuclear agriculture and biotechnology division Bhabha Atomic Research Centre

Mungbean(Vigna radiata L. Wilczek) is a short-duration legume crop cultivated for seeds that are rich in protein and carbohydrates. Mungbeans contain phytic acid(PA), an anti-nutritional factor that is the main storage form of organic phosphorus in seeds. It is a strong inhibitor against the absorption of nutrients including iron, zinc, calcium and magnesium in monogastric animals. Genotypes with low phytic acid(lpa) in seed may show increased assimilation of nutrients and be useful in breeding lpa cultivars. The present study was conducted to identify lpa sources, genetic variation, heritability, and association with seed coat color, inorganic phosphorus(IP), and seed size in 102 mungbean genotypes including released varieties, land races, mutants, and wild species grown in two seasons: summer 2011 and rabi 2012. PA and IP in dry seeds were estimated by modified colorimetric method and Chen's modified method,respectively. PA, IP, and 100-seed weight differed significantly in the two seasons. PA content in102 genotypes ranged from 5.74 to 18.98 mg g-1and 5.85 to 20.02 mg g-1in summer 2011 and rabi 2012, respectively. High heritability was found for PA(0.87 and 0.86) and seed size(0.82 and0.83) but low heritability for IP(0.61 and 0.60). A negative correlation was found between PA and seed size(r =-0.183 and-0.267). Yellow and green seed coat genotypes contained significantly less PA than black seed coat genotypes. Cluster analysis revealed the distinctness of wild species, land races and cultivated varieties on the basis of PA content. The genotypes YBSM(6.001 mg g-1) and JL-781(6.179 mg g-1) showed lowest PA. These lpa sources can be used to develop high-yielding mungbean cultivars with low phytic acid.

关键词： Mungbean Phytic acid Inorganic phosphorus Cluster analysis

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Genotypic variation for seed protein and mineral content among post-rainy season-grown sorghum genotypes

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The Crop Journal 2016年第1期4卷 61-67页

作者： Ashok Badigannavar G.Girish V.Ramachandran T.R.Ganapathi nuclear agriculture and biotechnology division Bhabha Atomic Research Centre Agricultural Research Station University of Agriculture SciencesGulbarga

Sorghum is an important staple food crop of Asian and African *** a poor man s crop",it provides dietary starch,protein,and some vitamins and *** are important for various physiological functions in the human *** a major staple crop of central and southern Indian provinces,sorghum landraces are a source of supplementary *** of micronutrients and protein and yield parameters were studied using 112 local landraces and *** analysis revealed wide variation for iron(1.10-9.54 mg 100 g^(-1)),zinc(1.12-7.58 mg 100 g^(-1)),protein(3.50-12.60%),and grain yield(2.50-76.50 g) among the *** estimates of genetic/phenotypic coefficient of variation,and genetic advances over the mean were identified for landraces and *** heritabilities were also identified for yield and mineral *** estimates among the genotypes indicated that grain yield was positively correlated with copper and protein with copper and *** analysis based on Euclidean distance resolved all of the genotypes into three major *** wide range of values with high heritability estimates may favor the use of these landraces in recombination breeding to improve nutritional quality in sorghum.

关键词： Mineral content Post-rainy sorghum Genetic correlation Cluster analysis

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Genetic variation for seed phosphorus and yield traits in Indian sorghum landraces and varieties

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The Crop Journal 2015年第4期3卷 358-365页

作者： Ashok Badigannavar G.Girish T.R.Ganapathi nuclear agriculture and biotechnology division Bhabha Atomic Research Centre (BARC) Agricultural Research Station

Phytic acid is the major storage form of phosphorus in cereals. It binds with nutritionally important metals and affects mineral bioavailability. The present study analyzed phytic acid, inorganic phosphorus(IP) content, seed weight, and grain yield in 98 sorghum landraces and varieties grown in two environments to evaluate genotypic and environmental effects and to determine trait stability. Genotypic effects and genotype × interaction were significant for phytic acid concentration and yield components. A promising landrace, Malkhed-1, had the lowest phytic acid(0.015 mg g-1)concentration, with a higher yield(70.02 g plant-1), than the check variety M-35-1 in both environments. Similarly, among the varieties, Phule Maulee showed the lowest phytic acid(0.07 mg g-1) and a higher grain yield of 53.15 g plant-1in both environments. Phytic acid and IP were negatively correlated(r =- 0.34), whereas grain yield and seed weight were positively correlated(r = 0.20). Cluster analysis based on seed phosphorus traits and yield components identified five and six clusters, respectively. Genotypes containing low phytic acid with high yield identified in this study would be helpful for increasing the bioavailability of mineral nutrients.

关键词： Phytic acid Sorghum Genetic variability Correlation

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Rpivnt1 provides resistance through the mediation of a light responsive guardee in potato

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aBIOTECH 2021年第4期2卷 415-418页

作者： Suvendu Mondal nuclear agriculture and biotechnology division Bhabha Atomic Research CentreMumbai 400085India

The disease triangle describes the interrelationship among pathogen,host,and environment towards disease prevalence in the *** mechanistic role of environment on NLR-mediated resistance was not known until ***,a comprehensive work revealed that light controls late blight disease reaction in potato caused by the lrish famine pathogen.A specific R gene Rpivnt1 in potato showed dichotomous behavior in disease reaction due to the light-responsive alternate promoter selection of another host gene glycerate 3 kinase(GLYK)during its *** full-length GLYK protein traps the pathogen effector AVRvnt1 into a recognition event which is later sensed by Rpivnt1 in the presence of *** dark,the truncated GLYK protein devoid of its chloroplastic transit peptide could not able to recognize AVRvnt1 and thus resistance get compromised.A possible model for this event is proposed here for ease in understanding.

关键词： Disease resistance Guardee Pathogen effector Programmed cell death R gene Resistosome

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Time course of physiological,biochemical,and gene expression changes under short-term salt stress in Brassica juncea L.

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The Crop Journal 2017年第3期5卷 219-230页

作者： Manish Pandey Suprasanna Penna Plant Stress Physiology and biotechnology Section Nuclear Agriculture and Biotechnology DivisionBhabha Atomic Research CentreTrombayMumbai 400085India

Salinity-imposed limitations on plant growth are manifested through osmotic and ionic imbalances. However, because salinity-induced responses vary considerably among crop plants, monitoring of such responses at an early stage has relevance. In this study,physiological(seed germination, seed vigor index, root length, shoot length, fresh weight,dry weight) and biochemical attributes(osmoprotectants, K^+/Na^+ ratio) were analyzed for a time-course assessment of salt responses in Indian mustard(Brassica juncea L.) with an emphasis on early monitoring. The results showed strong correlations for total soluble sugars at germination phase(24 h), proline content in the seedling establishment phase(48 h) and various physiological parameters including seed vigor index(R^2= 0.901), shoot length(R^2= 0.982), and fresh weight(R^2= 0.980) at 72 h(adaptation under stress). In addition, transcriptional changes were observed under NaCl treatment for key genes belonging to the family of selective ion transporters(NHX, HKT) and abscisic acid synthesis(AAO-3). The status of mitochondrial respiration was also examined as a probe for salinity tolerance at an early stage. The results suggested that although all the analyzed parameters showed correlations(negative or positive) with salt stress magnitude, their critical response times differed, with most of the studied biochemical, physiological, or molecular markers providing valuable information only after radicle emergence, whereas mitochondrial respiration via alternative oxidase was useful for the early detection of salt responses.

关键词： Alternative oxidase Brassica Osmolytes Salinity Seed germination

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Gamma Irradiation of Embryogenic Callus Cultures and In vitro Selection for Salt Tolerance in Sugarcane (Saccharum officinarum L.)

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Agricultural Sciences in China 2008年第9期7卷 1147-1152页

作者： Vikas Y Patade P Suprasanna V A Bapat Plant Cell Culture Technology Section Nuclear Agriculture & Biotechnology DivisionBhabha Atomic Research Centre

Radiation induced mutagenesis followed by in vitro selection was employed for salt tolerance in popular Indian sugarcane （Saccharum officinarum L.） cv. CoC-671. Embryogenic calli were gamma irradiated and exposed to different levels of NaCl （42.8, 85.6, 128.3, 171.1,213.9, 256.7, 299.5, or 342.2 mM）. The relative growth rate （RGR） decreased progressively with increasing salt stress and was the least with a salt stress of 256.7 mM （0.25±0.009）, almost 10 fold lesser than the control. The RGR was significantly lower in 85.6 mM and higher salt stressed calli than the control. The survival percent also decreased, with an increase in NaCl concentration. In case of 10 and 20 Gy irradiated calli, regeneration was observed up to 85.6 mM NaCl selection, medium, whereas, higher treatments （128.3 mM and beyond） exhibited browning initially. However, in the subsequent subcultures, regeneration was obtained in the case of 10 and 20 Gy irradiated calli on 128.3 and 171.1 mM NaCl selections. Higher dose of gamma irradiation （40 Gy） also showed regeneration, but only with 85.6 mM NaCI selection. The unirradiated calli regenerated the highest number of plantlets followed by 10 and 20 Gy irradiated calli on salt selection. A total of 147 plantlets were selected from different salt levels. The salt selected plants are being tested for their field performance.

关键词： sugarcane in vitro mutagenesis in vitro selection salt tolerance

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Perspectives of Using L-Tryptophan for Improving Productivity of Agricultural Crops: A Review

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Pedosphere 2018年第1期28卷 16-34页

作者： Ayesha MUSTAFA Muhammad IMRAN Muhammad ASHRAF Khalid MAHMOOD Soil and Environmental Sciences division Nuclear Institute for Agriculture and Biology (NIAB)

Plant growth regulators are biologically active signaling molecules that regulate a number of plant physiological processes. Auxin(indole-3-acetic acid) is an important plant growth regulator and is synthesized within plant tissues through L-tryptophan(L-TRP)-dependent and-independent pathways. It has been found that plants respond to exogenously applied L-TRP due to insufficient endogenous auxin biosynthesis. The exogenous application of L-TRP is highly significant for normal plant growth and development.L-tryptophan is applied through foliar spray, seed priming, and soil application. Soil-applied L-TRP is either directly taken up by plants or metabolized to auxin by soil microbiota and then absorbed by plant roots. Similarly, foliar spray and seed priming with L-TRP stimulates auxin synthesis within plants and improves the growth and productivity of agricultural crops. Furthermore, L-TRP contains approximately 14% nitrogen(N) in its composition, which is released upon its metabolism within a plant or in the rhizosphere and plays a role in enhancing crop productivity. This review deals with assessing crop responses under the exogenous application of L-TRP in normal and stressed environments, mode of action of L-TRP, advantages of using L-TRP over other auxin precursors, and role of the simultaneous use of L-TRP and auxin-producing microbes in improving the productivity of agricultural crops. To the best of our knowledge, this is the first review reporting the importance of the use of L-TRP in agriculture.

关键词： auxin biosynthesis auxin precursors auxin-producing microbes crop productivity indole-3-acetic acid plant growth-promoting rhizobacteria plant response to abiotic stresses

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Determination of Essential Fatty Acid Composition among Mutant Lines of Canola (Brassica napus),through High Pressure Liquid Chromatography

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Journal of Integrative Plant Biology 2009年第12期51卷 1080-1085页

作者： Ghulam Raza Aquil Siddique Imtiaz Ahmad Khan Muhammed Yasin Ashraf Abdullah Khatri Plant Genetic division Nuclear Institute of Agriculture (NIA) Tando Jam 70060 Pakistan nuclear Institute for agriculture and Biology Faisalabad 38000 Pakistan

The present study aimed to quantify the methyl esters of lenoleic acid （LA）, γ-lenolenic acid （LNA） and oleic acid （OL） in the oil of Brassica napus mutants. Five stable mutants （ROO-75/1, ROO-100/6, ROO-125/12, ROO-125/14, and ROO-125/17） of B. napus cv. ＇Rainbow＇（P） and three mutants （W97-95/16, W97-0.75/11 and W97-.075/13） of B. napus cv. ＇Westar＇（P） at M6 stage, exhibiting better yield and yield components, were analyzed for essential fatty acids. The highest seed yield was observed in the mutant （ROO-100/6） followed by ROO-125/14 of Rainbow, that is, 34% and 32% higher than their parent plants, respectively. Westar mutant W97-75/11 also showed 30% higher seed yield than its parent plant. High performance liquid chromatography analysis of the composition of fatty acids indicated that OL was the most dominant fatty acid, ranging from 39.t to 66.3%; LA was second （15.3-41.6%） and LNA was third （18.1-28.9%）. Mutant ROO-125/14 showed higher OL contents than parent （Rainbow）. These results are expected to support the approval of ROO-125/14 in the National Uniform Varietal Yield Trials （NUVYT） as a new variety based on high oil quality.

关键词： Brassica high performance liquid chromatography lenoleic acid lenolenic acid oleic acid.

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Influences of Catch Crop and Its Incorporation Time on Soil Carbon and Carbon-Related Enzymes

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Pedosphere 2015年第4期25卷 569-579页

作者： Anna PIOTROWSKA-DLUGOSZ Edward WILCZEWSKI Department of Soil Science and Soil Protection Division of Biochemistry Faculty of Agriculture and Biotechnology UTP University of Science and Technology Department of Agrotechnology Faculty of Agriculture and Biotechnology UTP University of Science and Technology

Catch crops that are cultivated for green manure play an important role in improving soil properties. A 3-year field experi- ment was conducted to investigate the effect of catch crop （pea, Pisum sativum L.） management, i.e., incorporation of catch crop in October/November （autumn） and March （spring）, and without catch crop （control）, on soil organic carbon （SOC）, microbial biomass carbon （MBC） and the activities of carbon （C）-cycle enzymes, including cellulase （Cel）, β-glucosidase （Glu） and invertase （Inv）. Additionally, soil total nitrogen （TN） and pHKcl were investigated. The catch crop was cultivated from August to October each year during 2008-2010. Soil samples were collected from the field of spring barley （Hordeum vulgate L.） that had been grown after the catch crop. Soil samples for microbial activity determination were taken in March, May, June and August in 2009, 2010 and 2011, while SOC and TN contents as well as pHKc1 were determined in March and August. The chemical properties studied did not show significant changes as influenced by the experimental factors. The use of catch crop significantly increased the MBC content and the activities of C-cycle enzymes compared to the control. When the catch crop was incorporated in spring, a significantly higher MBC content was noted in March and May compared to autumn incorporation. Moreover, the spring incorporation of the catch crop significantly increased the Glu activity （except March）, while the activities of Cel and Inv as well as the rate of soil basal respiration were usually unaffected by the time of catch crop incorporation. Greater microbial biomass and higher enzyme activities in the catch crop-treated soil, compared to the control, indicated that the application of the catch crop as a green manure could be recommended as a promising technique to increase the biological activity of the soil. Since there was no significant effect or no consistent results were obtained related to the time of catch crop

关键词： cellulase β-glucosidase invertase microbial biomass carbon soil basal respiration

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Cotton Leaf Curl Virus： Ionic Status of Leaves and Symptom Development

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Journal of Integrative Plant Biology 2006年第5期48卷 558-562页

作者： Naeem lqbal Muhammad Yasin Ashraf Farrukh Javed Muhammad Ashmf Sohail Hameed Department of Botany University of Agriculture Faisalabad Pakistan nuclear Institute for agriculture and Biology Faisalabad Pakistan National Institute for biotechnology and Genetic Engineering Faisalabad Pakistan

In the present study, the relationship between the nutritional status of leaves and the development of symptoms of cotton leaf curl virus （CLCuV） in two cotton （Gossypium hirsutum L.） cuItlvars （I.e. CIM-240 and S-12） was Investigated. The incidence of disease attack was found to be 100% In the S-12 cuItlvar and 16% in the CIM-240 cuItivar. Geminivirus particles in infected leaves were confirmed by transmission electron microscope examination of highly specific geminivirus coat protein antlsera-treated cell sap. The CLCuV Impaired the accumulation of different nutrients in both cuItivars. A marked decrease in the accumulation of Ca^2＋ and K^＋ was observed in infected leaves. However, the disease had no effect on leaf concentrations of Na^＋, N, and P. It was observed that the curling of leaf margins in CLCuV-Infected plants was associated with the leaf Ca^2＋ content; leaf curling was severe in plants with a significant reduction In Ca^2＋ content. Moreover, leaf K＆＋ content was found to be associated with resistance/susceptibility to CLCuV infection.

关键词： geminiviruses Gossypium hirsutum leaf curling nutrient accumulation.

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