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Impact of Soil Borne Pathogens of Wheat on Grain Production

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Impact of Soil Borne Pathogens of Wheat on Grain Production

User-Driven Applications—New Paradigm for Interface Design

作者： Albert Rovira formerly Chief research scientist CSIROAustralianow Coordinator for The Crawford Fund of South Australia

＜正＞ IntroductionThe purpose for writing this introductory paper for the Master Class is to show the impact of some soil borne pathogens of wheat on grain production in southern Australia and also to briefly describe some of the factors which affect the manifestation of some of these *** paper is not comprehensive and will present some of the results obtained by myself and other Australian researchers over the past 30 years which I see as particularly relevant to the Master Class. I will not give references - these will be covered during the course.

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Journal of Software Engineering and Applications 2013年第8期6卷 379-389页

作者： Sergey Andreyev Freelance scientist Moscow Russia

40 years ago the outcome of computer programs was in the form of long listings covered by numbers;even the format of those numbers was determined by developers. Throughout the latest 30 years program views and results are shown in a wide variety of shapes and variants, but all these possibilities are predefined and fixed in code by developers;nothing outside of their approved solutions is allowed. My vision from now on into the future: developers are responsible only for correct work of a program (calculations, link with the database, etc.) and suggest a good default interface but not determine all possible scenarios;only users decide WHAT, WHEN, and HOW to show. This will be a revolution in our interaction with computers, but there are obvious questions. How this step can be made? Do all users need such change? Is it going to be a burden for users or a welcome revolution?

关键词： Human-Computer Interaction

Ideas on an Alternative Cosmological World Model with Different Initial Conditions

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Journal of Modern Physics 2015年第3期6卷 346-361页

作者： Guido Zbiral Private scientist Klosterneuburg Austria

The actual world model, the “Standard Model of Cosmology” (SMC), which dates back to the 1950s, no longer corresponds to the latest state of knowledge on the cosmos. By way of example, the assumption made in the SMC that the expansion of the cosmos is continually being reduced due to the effect of the gravitation exerted on all the matter in the universe is now contradicted by recent measurements. The reason for the expansion of cosmic space in accordance with Hubble’s Law is not physically explained by the SMC but merely stated as a fact. Another example is provided by the “dark phenomena”, which make up by far the greatest part of the energy of the cosmos, and exert a dominant influence on its behaviour. In spite of intensive research over the decades to provide answers to these as well as other open issues in cosmology, no satisfactory and plausible answers have hitherto been found. It is indeed time to propose an alternative cosmological world model to the SMC in the light of the latest insights on the universe.

关键词： Transition States of Photons Gravitation Dark Matter Dark Energy Standard Model of Cosmology Alternative Cosmological World Model

Demand and Capacity Modelling in Healthcare Using Discrete Event Simulation

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Open Journal of Modelling and Simulation 2020年第4期8卷 88-107页

作者： Saurav Singla Senior Data scientist Gurgaon India

The NHS is right now confronting huge pressures relating to demand and capacity in radiology. The purpose of this research has been to provide information about MRI usage, details of operational aspects of MRI services, and to ascertain the planning intentions of NHS radiology services to keep up and create MRI capacity. The report expands on using Discrete Event Simulation (DES) to inspect and plan the utilisation of NHS hospital resources for the radiology department to help a 24 hr service that is available to outpatients which will help with diminishing patient waiting time, better resource usage, understanding the capacity and demand. Consequently, this research examines to adjust staff and resources with the demand of the MRI. The research was investigated using DES in various scenarios to find which resources are inactive;patients are treated slowly. DES helped in discovering resource utilisation and outpatient throughout the system. It additionally helped in distinguishing the bottlenecks in patient flow. The DES simulation results demonstrated that time for the outpatient in the system is less and more outpatients have been treated too. There is a higher level of outpatient patients leaving the system under 120 minutes. The report uncovered an MRI report interpretation time. Reception room time and MRI waiting room time are decreased significantly. It additionally exhibited with an expanded outflow of outpatients, resources, for example, MRI capacity and radiographer utilisation expanded.

关键词： Discrete Event Simulation (DES) MRI Services Simulation Radiology Demand Capacity

USING ECONOMIC INSTRUMENTS TO OVERCOME OBSTACLES TO IN SITU CONSERVATION

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USING ECONOMIC INSTRUMENTS TO OVERCOME OBSTACLES TO IN SITU ...

Nuclear Energy and Its History: Past Consequences, Present Inadequacies and a Perspective for Success

第十九届国际动物学大会

作者： Jeff McNeely Chief scientist IUCN Switzerland

＜正＞The reasons for the loss of biodiversity are now well identified, both as site-specific problems such as over-utilisation , and at the larger systemic level such as climate change and inappropriate development models. This paper will review many of the new economic instruments that are being mobilised to recognise the multiple values of ecosystems that retain their full complement of species. Focusing especially on the value of ecosystem services, examples

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Energy and Power Engineering 2020年第6期12卷 193-236页

作者： Romney B. Duffey Francesco D’Auria Senior Retired scientist Idaho Falls USA University of Pisa Pisa Italy

An attempt is made to locate nuclear technology within a logical context considering history, risks, societal catastrophes and perspectives: the need is identified for a new direction in the exploitation in order to restore the role in energy production. We depict the situation coming from a marvelous history of discoveries started at the beginning of the XX century;heroes are recalled who made possible something that is inconceivable today: design, construction and production of electricity in a few years;that history was tainted by intentional nuclear explosions, i.e. the original sin that we are now paying. Then, we attempt to show that the societal risk is an inherent part of the civilization. Restoring the public trust (towards nuclear fission technology) by matching nuclear safety with the current technological status and advancers in risk assessment is the key objective. The “independent assessment”, or a principle for the exploitation of nuclear energy already stated in the 50’s of the previous century, shall then re-appear. This is used to erect the signpost for a “dynamic barricade” to further reduce the risk of operation of nuclear reactors and to match the design with current technological capabilities and with the frontiers of the research.

关键词： Societal Risk Risk and Probability Catastrophes Nuclear Fission Nuclear Reactor Technology Dynamic Barricade Cost of Safety

Uncertainty in water resources:introduction to the specia column

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Frontiers of Earth Science 2018年第4期12卷 649-652页

作者： S.R.FASSNACHT R.W.WEBB M.MA ESS-Watershed Science Colorado State UniversityFort CollinsCO 80523-1476USA Cooperative Institute for research in the Atmosphere Fort CollinsCO 80523-1375USA Natural Resources Ecology Laboratory Fort CollinsCO 80523-1499USA Institute of Arctic and Alpine research University of Colorado BoulderBoulderCO 80309-0450USA now with Department of Civil Constructionand Environmental EngineeringUniversity of New MexicoAlbuquerqueNM 87131USA research Base of Karst Eco-environments at Nanehuan in Chongqing Ministry of Nature ResourcesSchool of Geographical SciencesSouthwest UniversityChongqing 400715China

Uncertainty is a defining problem in the understanding of earth systems, especially for water resources (Guillaume et al., 2017). The word “uncertainty” can have a variety of meanings (Montanari, 2007; Beven, 2016). Typically, we only understand processes in the confines of laboratory experiments, on a very fine scale in the field, or in vague generalities. This is often the case because the processes are not well understood, or there is not enough data at the appropriate resolution or over a sufficient extent. Scaling issues occur at both spatial and temporal resolution leaving the scientist with imperfect knowledge of a system and poorly defined errors when evaluating it.

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From Where Did the Water Come That Filled the Earth’s Oceans? A Widely Overlooked Redox Reaction

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American Journal of Analytical Chemistry 2015年第4期6卷 342-349页

作者： Friedemann T. Freund Minoru M. Freund NASA Ames research Center Moffett Field CA USA Department of Physics San Jose State University San Jose CA USA Senior scientist SETI Institute Mountain View CA USA

Though two-thirds of Earth’s surface is covered by oceans, measurements of hydroxyl concentrations in upper mantle minerals, specifically in olivine, reportedly provide surprisingly low values. This has been interpreted to mean that there is little dissolved H2O in the Earth’s mantle. By inference, when Earth formed, there might not have been able enough water to fill the oceans through volcanic degassing. It has therefore been proposed that the missing water was delivered to Earth from space, through comets and other impacting bodies. However, the reported low hydroxyl concentrations in olivine and similar mineralsis probably based on a profound misunderstanding of a solid state reaction that converts hydroxyls into something more difficult to detect. There is indeed a redox reaction that converts, during cooling, solute hydroxyls in the matrix of minerals into peroxy plus H2. This widely overlooked redox conversion takes place under thermodynamic non-equilibrium conditions. Its significance is that any mineral and any rock available for collection at the Earth surface has gone through a process that causes hydroxyls, the telltale sign of dissolved H2O, to change into peroxyplusH2. The H2 molecules are diffusively mobile and may leave even structurally dense mineral grains. The remaining peroxy thus become the memory of the “true” solute H2O content, besides a few residual hydroxyls. Though first described over 30 years ago, this redox conversion has been largely ignored. As a result it is unknown how much H2O is contained in the Earth’s upper mantle but it is certainly much more than has been assumed until now on the basis of analysis of residual hydroxyls.

关键词： Redox Conversion Hydroxyls Peroxy Water Earth’s Upper Mantle

Analytical strategies for studying stem cell metabolism

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Frontiers in Biology 2015年第2期10卷 141-153页

作者： James M. Arnold William T. Choi Arun Sreekumar Mirjana Maletic-Savatic Department of Molecular and Cell Biology Baylor College of Medicine Houston TX 77030 USA Program in Developmental Biology and Medical scientist Training Program Baylor College of Medicine Jan and Dan Duncan Neurological research Institute at Texas Children's Hospital Houston TX 77030 USA Departments of Pediatrics-Neurology and Neuroscience and Program in Structural and Computational Biology and Molecular Biophysics Baylor College of Medicine Houston TX 77030 USA

Owing to their capacity for self-renewal and pluripotency, stem cells possess untold potential for revolutionizing the field of regenerative medicine through the development of novel therapeutic strategies for treating cancer, diabetes, cardiovascular and neurodegenerative diseases. Central to developing these strategies is improving our understanding of biological mechanisms responsible for governing stem cell fate and self-renewal. Increasing attention is being given to the significance of metabolism, through the production of energy and generation of small molecules, as a critical regulator of stem cell functioning. Rapid advances in the field of metabolomics now allow for in-depth profiling of stem cells both in vitro and in vivo, providing a systems perspective on key metabolic and molecular pathways which influence stem cell biology. Understanding the analytical platforms and techniques that are currently used to study stem cell metabolomics, as well as how new insights can be derived from this knowledge, will accelerate new research in the field and improve future efforts to expand our understanding of the interplay between metabolism and stem cell biology.

关键词： stem cell metabolism NMR mass spectrometry MRS flux analysis