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Prehospital transdermal glyceryl trinitrate for ultra- acute ischaemic stroke: data from the RIGHT- 2 randomised sham- controlled ambulance trial

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Stroke & Vascular Neurology 2024年第1期9卷 38-49,I0035-I0046页

作者： Jason Philip Appleton Lisa J Woodhouse Craig S Anderson Sandeep Ankolekar Lesley Cala Mark Dixon Timothy J England Kailash Krishnan Grant Mair Keith W Muir John Potter Christopher I Price Marc Randall Thompson G Robinson Christine Roffe Else C Sandset Jeffrey L Saver Angela Shone Aloysius Niroshan Siriwardena Joanna M Wardlaw Nikola Sprigg Philip M Bath Stroke University Hospitals Birmingham NHS Foundation TrustBirminghamUK institute of applied Healthresearch University of Birmingham College of Medical and Dental SciencesBirminghamUK Stroke Trials Unit Mental Health and Clinical NeurosciencesUniversity of NottinghamNottinghamUK Faculty of Medicine The George Institute for Global HealthSydneyNew South WalesAustralia The George institute China at Peking university Health Science Center BeijingChina Neurology Royal Prince Alfred HospitalSydney Health PartnersSydneyNew South WalesAustralia Department of Neurology King's College Hospital NHS Foundation TrustLondonUK Faculty of Health and Medical sciences University of Western AustraliaCrawleyWestern AustraliaAustralia East Midlands Ambulance Service NHS Trust NottinghamUK Stroke Queen's Medical CentreNottingham University Hospitals NHS TrustNottinghamUK Centre for Clinical Brain sciences Dementia Research InstituteUniveristy of EdinburghEdinburghUK institute of Neurology and Psychology University of GlasgowGlasgowUK Bob Champion research and Education Building University of East AngliaNorwichUK institute of Neuroscience Newcastle UniversityNewcastle upon TyneUK Department of Neurology Leeds Teaching Hospitals NHS TrustLeedsUK Department of Cardiovascular sciences and NIHR Leicester Biomedical research Centre University of LeicesterLeicesterUK Stroke research in Stoke Institute for Science and Technology in MedicineKeele UniversityStoke-on TrentUK Department of Neurology Oslo University HospitalOsloNorway research and Development Norwegian Air Ambulance FoundationOsloNorway Department of Neurology and Comprehensive Stroke Center David Geffen School of MedicineUCLALos AngelesCaliforniaUSA research and Graduate Services University of NottinghamNottinghamUK Community and Health research Unit University of LincolnLincolnUK

Background The effect of transdermal glyceryl trinitrate(GTN,a nitrovasodilator)on clinical outcome when administered before hospital admission in suspected stroke patients is ***,we assess the safety and efficacy of GTN in the prespecified subgroup of patients who had an ischaemic stroke within the Rapid Intervention with Glyceryl trinitrate in Hypertensive stroke Trial-2(RIGHT-2).Methods RIGHT-2 was an ambulance-based multicentre sham-controlled blinded-endpoint study with patients randomised within 4hours of *** primary outcome was a shift in scores on the modified Rankin scale(mRS)at day *** outcomes included death;a global analysis(Wei-Lachin test)containing Barthel Index,EuroQol-5D,mRS,telephone interview for cognitive status-modified and Zung depression scale;and neuroimaging-determined‘brain frailty’*** were reported as n(%),mean(SD),median[IQR],adjusted common OR(acOR),mean difference or Mann-Whitney difference(MWD)with 95%*** 597 of 1149(52%)patients had a final diagnosis of ischaemic stroke;age 75(12)years,premorbid mRS>2107(18%),Glasgow Coma Scale 14(2)and time from onset to randomisation 67[45,108]***‘brain frailty’was common:median score 2[2,3](range 0–3).At day 90,GTN did not influence the primary outcome(acOR for increased disability 1.15,95%CI 0.85 to 1.54),death or global analysis(MWD 0.00,95%CI-0.10 to 0.09).In subgroup analyses,there were non-significant interactions suggesting GTN may be associated with more death and dependency in participants randomised within 1hour of symptom onset and in those with more severe *** In patients who had an ischaemic stroke,ultra-acute administration of transdermal GTN in the ambulance did not improve clinical outcomes in a population with more clinical and radiological frailty than seen in previous in-hospital *** IS ALREADY KNOWN ON THIS TOPIC⇒Transdermal glyceryl trinitrate(GTN)was associat-ed with less death and dependency in those w

关键词： Glasgow nitrate random

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The Role of Information and Knowledge in Achieving Environmentally Sound Farming: A Chinese Case

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Chinese Journal of urban and Environmental Studies 2017年第2期5卷 55-80页

作者： Geir Inge ORDERUD Rolf D.VOGT TAN Hongze LUO Jing norwegian institute of urban and regional research oslo and akershus university college of applied sciences Department of Public Policy City university of Hong Kong institute of Chinese Borderland research Chinese Academy of Social Science Department of Chemistry university of oslo

The paper analyzes the role of information–knowledge for making farming environmentally friendly, using eutrophication of the main drinking water reservoir of Tianjin, China as a case. The analysis considers information and instruction sources used by farmers in relation to their farming and environmental issues, in particular application of fertilizers, and on this basis it discusses governance and policy measures. The study is interdisciplinary, covering both natural and social sciences, and it is based on quantitative methodology, employing descriptive and multivariate statistical methods. The main findings are:(i) farmers make use of a broad range of information and instruction sources, thereby confirming the claim that eutrophication and hence good farming practices are a “wicked” problem;(ii) the young and the members of the Communist Party are more active than others in using a broad range of information and instruction sources;(iii)different categories of farmers give priority to different information and instruction sources,providing a basis for tailor-made disseminations;(iv) the majority of farmers report receiving clear instructions for using fertilizers, yet half of them conceive using fertilizers correctly as difficult;(v) receiving instructions from other farmers and suppliers cater for high scores on clear instructions; and(vi) farmers are best seen as muddling through different pressures from above and different knowledge bases, and not just willy-nilly responding to top-down policy instructions.

关键词： Environmental behavior information network eutrophication farming China

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Guild composition and habitat use of voles in 2 forest landscapes in south-eastern Norway

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Integrative Zoology 2011年第4期6卷 299-310页

作者： Lucrezia GORINI John D.C.LINNELL Luigi BOITANI Ulrike HAUPTMANN Morten ODDEN Per WEGGE Erlend B.NILSEN Department of Animal and Human Biology Sapienza University of RomeRomeItaly Faculty of applied Ecology and Agricultural sciences Hedmark University CollegeCampus EvenstadKoppangNorway norwegian institute for Nature research TrondheimNorway Department of Ecology and Natural Resource Management Norwegian University of Life SciencesÅsNorway

It is widely believed that intensive forestry has influenced small mammal population dynamics,and thereby the entire mammalian community in Fennoscandian boreal *** nature of these impacts on the different species is subject to *** live-trapped voles between 2006 and 2009 in 2 commercially harvested forests in south-eastern *** investigated the variation in vole abundance among habitat types(*** forest and clear-cut)and the hypothesis that graminivorous species such as field voles(Microtus agrestis L.)benefit from clear-cuts at the expense of forest dwellers(*** bank vole,Myodes glareolus Schreb.),using fine-scale descriptors of the ground *** could not find support for the hypothesis that field voles show a preference for clear-cuts,and their overall abundance was low,while bank voles were the dominant species in all habitat types,including clear-cuts in the peak and pre-peak *** found a positive association between bank vole abundance and bilberry(Vaccinium myrtillus L.)availability rather than a specific habitat *** field vole density in clear-cuts might be due to variation in local productivity and ground vegetation as well as to large variation in the species temporal *** latter is particularly associated with the widespread decline of field voles in *** has the potential to negatively affect bank vole population dynamics because of the negative effect on bilberry development.

关键词： bank vole bilberry clear-cut field vole forestry

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Identity Processes, Depression, and the Aging Self<br/>—A norwegian Study

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Advances in Aging research 2015年第6期4卷 212-224页

作者： Gail Low Mary Kalfoss Liv Halvorsrud university of Alberta Edmonton Canada Diakonova university college Oslo Norway oslo and akershus university College of Applied Sciences Oslo Norway

The Identity Process Theory is a theory of how people adapt to aging. According to this theory, older people attribute their physical functioning to a more variable state of health or to their age. Health attributions per se help older people avoid negative thoughts and feelings about themselves and their own process of aging. We explored health versus age attributions, and their effects upon depressive symptoms and negativity toward aging among 359 older norwegians (age range = 60 - 91 years of age). Aging pertained to psychosocial loss, physical change, and psychological growth. Data collected in the 2004 WHOQOL-OLD norwegian Field Study were analyzed by using a MANOVA and a validatory path analysis. Our findings consistently supported health attributions in relation to psychosocial loss (X2 = 20.37, df = 10, p = 0.03;GFI = 0.98, AGFI = 0.95, RMSEA = 0.05), physical change (X2 = 35.03, df = 14, p = 0.000;GFI = 0.97, AGFI = 0.94, RMSEA = 0.06), and psychological growth (X2 = 22.22, df = 13, p = 0.05;GFI = 0.98, AGFI = 0.96, RMSEA = 0.04). Health attributions increased participants’ depressive symptoms and negativity toward aging, especially toward psychosocial loss (β= -?0.45, p = 0.000) and physical change (β= - 0.48, p = 0.000). We relate these theoretically contradictory findings to norwegian cultural beliefs and values. We make recommendations for research, including normalizing depressive symptoms and cross-cultural investigations.

关键词： Aging Identity Depression Norway MANOVA AMOS

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Towards an actionable One Health approach

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贫困所致传染病(英文) 2024年第2期13卷 77-82页

作者： Zhang Xiao-Xi Lederman Zohar Han Le-Fei Schurer Janna M. Xiao Li-Hua Zhang Zhi-Bing Chen Qiu-Lan Pfeiffer Dirk Ward Michael P. Sripa Banchob Gabri?l Sarah Dhama Kuldeep Acharya Krishna Prasad Robertson Lucy J. Deem Sharon L. Aenishaenslin Cécile Dantas-Torres Filipe Otranto Domenico Grace Delia Wang Yang Li Peng Fu Chao Poeta Patrícia Rahman Md. Tanvir Kassegne Kokouvi Zhu Yong-Zhang Yin Kun Liu Jiming Wang Zhao-Jun Guo Xiao-Kui Gong Wen-Feng Schwartl?nder Bernhard Ren Ming-Hui Zhou Xiao-Nong School of Global Health Chinese Center for Tropical Diseases Research Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine Shanghai People’s Republic of China institute of One Health Shanghai Jiao Tong University Shanghai People’s Republic of China Medical Ethics and Humanities Unit Hong Kong University Hong Kong People’s Republic of China Center for One Health University of Global Health Equity Butaro Rwanda college of Veterinary Medicine South China Agricultural University Guangzhou People’s Republic of China School of Ecology and Environment Hainan University Haikou Hainan People’s Republic of China Branch of animal and vector-borne diseases Division of Infectious Disease Control Chinese Center for Disease Control and Prevention Beijing People’s Republic of China Centre for applied One Health research and Policy Advice Department of Infectious Diseases and Public Health Jockey Club College of Veterinary Medicine and Life Sciences City University of Hong Kong Hong Kong SAR People’s Republic of China Department of Pathobiology and Population sciences Royal Veterinary College London United Kingdom Sydney School of Veterinary Science The University of Sydney Camden Australia Tropical Disease research Center Department of Tropical Medicine Faculty of Medicine Khon Kaen University Khon Kaen Thailand Laboratory of foodborne parasitic zoonoses Department of translational physiology infectiology and public health Chair Faculty Committee on Internationalisation Faculty of Veterinary Medicine Ghent University Merelbeke Belgium Division of Pathology ICAR-Indian Veterinary Research Institute (IVRI) Bareilly Uttar Pradesh India Department of Livestock Services Animal Quarantine Office-Kathmandu Budhanilkantha Kathmandu Nepal Parasitology Department of Paraclinical Sciences Faculty of Veterinary Medicine Norwegian University of Life Sciences ?s Norway One Government Drive Saint Louis Zoo Institute for Conservation Medicine St. Louis USA Groupe de Recherche en épidémi

Background Despite the increasing focus on strengthening One Health capacity building on global level, challenges remain in devising and implementing real-world interventions particularly in the Asia-Pacific region. Recognizing these gaps, the One Health Action Commission (OHAC) was established as an academic community for One Health action with an emphasis on research agenda setting to identify actions for highest *** text This viewpoint describes the agenda of, and motivation for, the recently formed OHAC. Recognizing the urgent need for evidence to support the formulation of necessary action plans, OHAC advocates the adoption of both bottom-up and top-down approaches to identify the current gaps in combating zoonoses, antimicrobial resistance, addressing food safety, and to enhance capacity building for context-sensitive One Health *** By promoting broader engagement and connection of multidisciplinary stakeholders, OHAC envisions a collaborative global platform for the generation of innovative One Health knowledge, distilled practical experience and actionable policy advice, guided by strong ethical principles of One Health.

关键词： One Health Global Health One Health Action Commission research agenda

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Healthy lifestyle for people with intellectual disabilities through a health intervention program

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Open Journal of Nursing 2012年第3期2卷 157-164页

作者： Bente Lorentzen Britt-Maj Wikstrom Faculty of Health Nutrition and ManagementOslo and Akershus University CollegeOsloNorway Department of Public Health sciences College of Applied Sciences Karolinska InstituteStockholmSweden

There are well known gaps related to health care service and public health interventions for people with Intellectual Disabilities (ID), but there is still lack of research information of what nurses can do to reducing health disparities of persons with ID. The present study aimed at exploring the views of people with ID about a healthy lifestyle, exercise, and to take part in a health promotion program. A qualitative method was an appropriate method for capturing the informants’ points of view. Participants were adults with intellectual disability who would be able to give their consent verbally and in written form. Women (n = 7) and men (n = 6). Data were collected from focus group interviews and analysed according to a qualitative content analysis of the tape-recorded and verbatim transcribed interviews. The participants took part in four workshops about healthy food, and ten physical activities addressing the connection to physical, social and emotional health. The results of the focus group interviews show that participants have knowledge about the importance of a healthy lifestyle for good health including physical activity and healthy food. Participants also describe social interaction and self-determination as important aspects in their life. It could then be concluded that the health promotion program result point at consciousness about a healthy lifestyle. There is still lack of research information of what public health nurses can do to reducing health disparities of persons with ID. Public health nurses work in community-based services and therefore they also might support persons with ID through health intervention programs.

关键词： Intellectual Disability Nursing Care Healthy Lifestyle Physical Activities Social Interaction

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Voluntary Work for Public Health——Older Volunteers’ Participation in a norwegian Society ——Motivation Factors for Participating——Enrich Life and Positive for Health

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Open Journal of Nursing 2014年第11期4卷 724-729页

作者： Bente Lorentzen Britt-Maj Wikstrom Pal Joranger Department of Health Nutrition and ManagementOslo and Akershus University College of Applied SciencesOsloNorway Department of Public Health sciences Karolinska InstituteStockholmSweden

Today there is a decreasing interest in contributing to general organizations. The purpose of this study is to examine participation in volunteer work in a municipality in Norway. The main focus is determinants of motivation factors for participation as well as non-participation. A first step was to conduct a focus group interview. The second step was to make questions for a survey based on the results of the focus group interview in order to provide an overall direction for the survey. A questionnaire was sent to six local organisations in a municipality in Norway. Analysis: Multivariate logistic and linearly regression analysis. Result: The total model was statistical significant, indicating that the model was able to distinguish between volunteers who reported to be respectively happy or not happy. The model explained 36% to 62% of the variance in this variable. The variables made a statistical significant contribution to the model. The strongest predictor of being happy was the variable “energy”. The variable “positive for my health” was the second strongest predictor. “Income” has a reverse association, meaning that the volunteers are less likely to be reported to be happy when their income increases. Network and illness explain years in voluntary work. Conclusion and implications for public health nurses: The present study shows the effectiveness of volunteering for elderly. Thus, it is an important element in public health nurses work to include strategies that focus on program stimulating elderly citizens in the municipality to stay healthy physically and psychologically.

关键词： Public Health Nurses Volunteer Work Elderly Citizens

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The healthcare environment—The importance of aesthetic surroundings: Health professionals’ experiences from a surgical ward in Finland

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Open Journal of Nursing 2012年第3期2卷 188-195页

作者： Britt-Maj Wikstrom Emma Westerlund Jaana Erkkila Department of Health Nutrition and ManagementFaculty of Health SciencesNorway Karolinska InstituteOslo and Akershus University College of Applied SciencesStockholmSweden Department of Photography Novia University of Applied SciencesWasaFinland Manager of research and Development Novia University of Applied SciencesWasaFinland

There is a growing acceptance of the vital role patient centered design plays in shaping the environment. Art can be of use in every area of health care. It is within the power of each person to share and interpret experience by means of the arts, by viewing the work of others, and by using feelings and imagination. Health professionals [n = 24 of a total of n = 35], answered the Wheel Questionnaire test instrument. It measures structure, motivation/engagement, and degree of emotional investment in a situation. Participants were requested to describe, in their own words, their perception of the enrichment of the ward interiordesign and the double-sided photos with a short poetic text, and the photo-book placed at each patient room. The results demonstrate that participants are motivated, structured and emotionally engaged when describing the new enrichment. The domains and themes are: Social interaction domain;rising thoughts and conversations. Comfort domain;atmosphere. Aesthetic do main;enrichment of the working environment. It could be concluded that the surgical ward environmental enrichment stimulated conversations between health professionals and between health professionals and patients and should be regarded as an important aspect in hospital planning.

关键词： Hospital Ward Environment Enrichment Health Professionals

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Gender Differences in Hope and Its Relevance to Depression Symptoms among norwegian Adolescents

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Open Journal of Nursing 2018年第2期8卷 157-169页

作者： Britt-Maj Wikstrom Bente Lorentzen Sindre Lorentzen akershus university-college of applied Science Norway Department of Public Health sciences Karolinska InstitutePublic HealthSolnaSweden akershus university Hospital LorenskogNorway university of Stavanger StavangerNorway

Introduction: Several studies indicate that the number of individuals experiencing depression symptoms is growing. There is a prevailing consensus in the literature that while depression is represented among both genders, it is consistently reported that females are more exposed to depression compared to males both in frequency and severity. Studies suggest that as many as 15 - 20 percent of adolescents in Norway exhibit depression or depression like symptoms. Furthermore, several studies indicate that the number of individuals experiencing depression symptoms is growing. There is a prevailing consensus in the literature that while depression is represented among both genders, it is consistently reported that females are more exposed to depression compared to males both in frequency and severity. Methods: All data utilized in this study were extracted from the norwegian Ungdata survey conducted in 2014 among adolescents in Norway. The sample consists of 46,374 observations. Conclusions: The finding of significant differences in prevalence of self-diagnosed depression symptoms among norwegian adolescents, showed females are more exposed. Furthermore, as hypothesized, there is a strong and significant relation between hope and depression, where hope is proxied through expectations regarding the individuals’ future education, happiness and wealth. Based on these findings, we apply hope as an instrument for addressing depression symptoms. Results from this analysis indicate that males are significantly less optimistic for the future.

关键词： Depression Symptoms norwegian Cross-National Ungdata Adolescents Hope Future Expectations Gender

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How do Patients with Schizophrenia Perceive Relatives’ Levels of Expressed Emotions? A Brief Patient Rated Scale

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Open Journal of Psychiatry 2017年第3期7卷 220-234页

作者： Heidi Bjø rge Tor Helge Notland Turid Birgitte Boye Ingun Dina Ulstein Nina Aarhus Smeby Ulrik Fredrik Malt Hå vard Bentsen oslo and akershus university college of applied science Faculty of Health Institute of Nursing and Health Promotion Oslo Norway institute of Clinical Medicine Faculty of Medicine University of Oslo Oslo Norway Blakstad Hospital Asker Norway Section of Psycho-oncology Oslo University Hospital Oslo Norway institute of Basic Medical sciences Faculty of Medicine University of Oslo Oslo Norway Department of Psychiatry of Old Age oslo university Hospital Oslo Norway Department of research Division of Mental Health and Dependence Oslo University Hospital Oslo Norway Department of research and Education Division of Surgery and Clinical Neuroscience Oslo University Hospital Oslo Norway Center for Psychopharmacology Diakonhjemmet Hospital Oslo Norway

Background : Patients’ perspective on relatives’ attitude and behaviour towards them (Expressed emotion—EE) may be an important addition to the current focus on relatives’ perspective only, as measured by Camberwell Family Interview (CFI) or other methods. Based on the theory of EE, we have designed a brief, three-item questionnaire completed by patients, named Felt Expressed Emotion Rating Scale (FEERS). FEERS measures the patient’s experience of criticism (Cri) and emotional over involvement (i.e. worry (Wo), and control (Con). Aims: To investigate the test-retest reliability of the FEERS and associations between the FEERS and the CFI and to which extent FEERS scores were modified by severity of psychotic symptoms, cognitive function, patient mood and amount of face-to-face contact with relatives. Methods : Forty-five patients with schizophrenia and related psychoses admitted to a psychiatric hospital and 67 relatives were included. Assessments included FEERS, CFI and Positive and Negative Syndrome Scale (PANSS). Results : FEERS-Cri test-retest intra-class correlation (ICC1,1) was 0.71 among patients with low total PANSS scores, low cognitive impairment (0.59) and depression (0.63). For low levels of cognitive impairment, the ICCs of the FEERS-Wo and the FEERS-Con were 0.62 and 0.83, respectively. The FEERS-Cri and FEERSHowWo correlated significantly with CFI-CC and CFI-positive comments, respectively. Among the relatives that the patient deemed “not at all critical” (low FEERS-Cri scores), 94% had low CFI-CC levels. Conclusions : The FEERS may be a brief, time-saving alternative for identifying relatives with low levels of criticism. However, illness severity, cognitive function and mood influence FEERS test-retest reliability and link to CFI.

关键词： Expressed Emotion Perceived Criticism Schizophrenia Validity

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