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Eight decades of compositional change in a managed northern hardwood landscape

Forest Ecosystems 2023年第3期10卷 398-410页

作者： Mark J.Ducey Olivia L.Fraser Mariko Yamasaki Ethan P.Belair William B.Leak University of New Hampshire Department of Natural Resources and the Environment114 James HallDurhamNH03824USA U.S.D.A.Forest service White Mountain National Forest71 White Mountain DriveCamptonNH03223USA U.S.D.A.Forest service Northern Research Station271 Mast RoadDurhamNH03824USA The nature Conservancy Natural Climate SolutionsAfrica Regional Portland Office45 Exchange StSuite 303PortlandME04101USA

We analyzed over 8 decades of change in forest composition(represented by species proportion of basal area)and size class from more than 400 permanent plots located on the Bartlett Experimental Forest in the White Mountains of New Hampshire.These data represent one of the longest-term landscape-scale records of forest change based on permanent plots in North America.We analyzed the plots based on elevation class,land type indicating assumed successional direction(grouped into coniferous and deciduous),and inventory period within managed and unmanaged portions of the forest.An ongoing shift from small-to large-diameter stems is clear across all species,in response to the overall aging of the forest following exploitative harvesting in the 19th century.Major compositional changes include a continuing decline in shade-intolerant species(paper birch and aspen),along with the mid-tolerant yellow birch.An increase in red maple abundance through the early 1990s has leveled off or reversed.Among shade-tolerant species,increases in beech and red spruce were largely consistent with assumed land type on unmanaged plots,but heavy marking against diseased beech on managed plots restricted increase of that species.Sugar maple declined in abundance except where silvicultural intervention helped maintain it.By contrast,eastern hemlock showed a continuing expansion at all elevations below 600 m.The data continue to show little or no evidence of upward migration of species,despite evidence of recent regional change in climate.However,the BEF is poised for substantial changes when emerald ash borer and hemlock woolly adelgid,both of which are known to infest nearby areas,do arrive.

关键词： northern hardwoods Succession Stand dynamics Silviculture

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Breeding habitat selection in a colonial cooperative breeder: the role of individual experience and conspecific cues

Breeding habitat selection in a colonial cooperative breeder...

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23rd International Ornithological Congress

作者： Rita Covas Mark D.Anderson Percy Fitzpatrick Institute University of Cape Town Rondebosch 7701 South Africa northern cape nature conservation service Private Bag X6102 Kimberley 8300 South Africa

＜正＞ Recent studies have showed that several colonial and territorial species use their own breeding success and that of conspecifics as cues to select breeding habitat. In this study, we test the applicability of this habitat selection model on a species with a complex social structure and marked life-history variation, the sociable weaver （Philetairus socius）. These birds are colonial, cooperative breeders that inhabit the unpredictable regions of the

关键词： coloniality cooperative breeding dispersal habitat selection sociable weaver

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Does financial development lower energy intensity?

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Frontiers in Energy 2020年第3期14卷 620-634页

作者： Philip Kofi ADOM Michael Owusu APPIAH Mawunvo Prosper AGRADI Department of Development Policy School of Public Service and GovernanceGhana Institute of Management and Public Administration(GIMPA)AchimotaGhana Department of Finance Business SchoolUniversity of Cape CoastAccraGhana Department of Banking and Finance University of Professional StudiesAccraGhana

The growth-induced effects of financial development have been well-established in the empirical literature,as well as the significance of financial development to energy demand behavior.However,the empirical evidence on the relationship between financial development and energy intensity remains sparse in the literature.Given the multifaceted nature of the effects of financial development,the proposed relationship seems a complex one and warrants an empirical investigation.Using the case of Ghana,this study provides an empirical answer to the question:does financial development lower energy intensity?To provide solid grounds for either rejection or acceptance of the null hypothesis,this study performed several robustness checks.Generally,the evidence revealed that financial development lowers energy intensity.Further,the results revealed that the price of energy,trade liberalization and industry structure play significant roles.These results have important implications for the design of macro energy efficiency policies and the creation of a‘Green Bank’.

关键词： financial development energy intensity energy efficiency Ghana

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Habitat differences in dung beetle assemblages in an African savanna–forest ecotone:implications for secondary seed dispersal

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Integrative Zoology 2011年第2期6卷 81-96页

作者： Britta K.KUNZ Frank-Thorsten KRELL Department of Animal Ecology and Tropical Biology Theodor-Boveri Institute of BiosciencesWürzburgGermany Department of Zoology Denver Museum of Nature&ScienceDenverColoradoUSA

The probability and pattern of secondary seed dispersal by dung beetles(Scarabaeinae)depend on their community structure and composition at the site of primary deposition,which,in turn,seem to be strongly determined by vegetation.Consequently,we expected pronounced differences in secondary seed dispersal between forest and savanna in the northern Ivory Coast,West Africa.We found 99 dung beetle species at experimentally exposed dung piles of the olive baboon(Papio anubis(Lesson,1827)),an important primary seed disperser in West Africa.Seventy-six species belonged to the roller and tunneler guilds,which are relevant for secondary seed dispersal.Most species showed a clear habitat preference.Contrary to the Neotropics,species number and abundance were much higher in the savanna than in the forest.Rollers and tunnelers each accounted for approximately 50%of the individuals in the savanna,but in the forest rollers made up only 4%.Seeds deposited into the savanna by an omnivorous primary disperser generally have a higher overall probability of being more rapidly dispersed secondarily by dung beetles than seeds in the forest.Also,rollers disperse seeds over larger distances.In contrast to other studies,small rollers were active in dispersal of large seeds,which were seemingly mistaken for dung balls.Our results suggest that rollers can remove seeds from any plant dispersed in primate dung in this ecosystem.

关键词： Africa baboon defecations guild differences Scarabaeidae secondary seed dispersal.

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Ecological restoration for sustainable development in China

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National Science Review 2023年第7期10卷 60-71页

作者： Bojie Fu Yanxu Liu Michael E.Meadows State Key Laboratory of Urban and Regional Ecology Research Center for Eco-Environmental Sciences Chinese Academy of Sciences State Key Laboratory of Earth Surface Processes and Resource Ecology Faculty of Geographical Science Beijing Normal University School of Geographic and Oceanographic Sciences Nanjing University College of Geography and Environmental Sciences Zhejiang Normal University Department of Environmental and Geographical Science University of Cape Town

Facing the need for transdisciplinary research to promote ecological restoration that achieves both social and ecological benefits,research on past restoration efforts that have directly or indirectly contributed to regional or national sustainable development warrants reassessment.Using China as an example,in this review,we address three basic research questions that can be summarized as follows:ecological restoration—of what,for whom and to what purpose?Accordingly,a landscape pattern—ecosystem service—sustainable development’ co-evolutionary framework is proposed here to describe landscape-scale ecological restoration and its impact on landscape patterns and ecological processes,ecosystem services for human well-being,sustainable livelihoods and socioeconomic development.From the strategic pattern of national ecological security to the pattern of major projects to protect and restore major national ecosystems,the spatial pattern of China’ s ecological restoration is more geographically integrative.From major function-oriented zoning to systematic ecological protection and restoration,and for the purpose of achieving the Beautiful China Initiative,there are three stages of ecosystem services management:classification,synergy and integration,respectively.The difference in geographic processes should be considered in the key re quirements of ecological restoration for China’ s five national strategies for regional sustainable-development strategies.Deepening understanding of the relationship between humans and nature in different geographical contexts is a scientific prerequisite to support policymaking related to ecological restoration.To promote greater harmony between humans and nature,we propose four important research directions:(ⅰ) understanding coupling processes among key components,(ⅱ) identifying ecosystem service flows,(ⅲ) evaluating social-ecological benefits and(ⅳ) supporting adaptive management for regional sustainable development.

关键词： social-ecological system landscape pattern ecological process ecosystem services sustainable livelihoods policymaking

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Recent advancements in aircraft and in situ observations of tropical cyclones

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Tropical Cyclone Research and Review 2023年第2期12卷 81-99页

作者： Heather M.Holbach Olivier Bousquet Lisa Bucci Paul Chang Joe Cione Sarah Ditchek Jim Doyle Jean-Philippe Duvel Jack Elston Gustavo Goni Kai Kwong Hon Kosuke Ito Zorana Jelenak Xiaotu Lei Rick Lumpkin Clive R.McMahon Christopher Reason Elizabeth Sanabia Lynn Keith Shay Jason A.Sippel Andrey Sushko Jie Tang Kazuhisa Tsuboki Hiroyuki Yamada Jonathan Zawislak Jun A.Zhang Florida State University Northern Gulf InstituteTallahasseeUSA NOAA/OAR/Atlantic Oceanographic and Meteorological Laboratory MiamiUSA Laboratoire de L’Atmosphere et des Cyclones Sainte ClotildeFrance Institute for Coastal and Marine Research Nelson Mandela UniversityGqeberhaSouth Africa NOAA/NWS/National Hurricane Center MiamiUSA NOAA/National Environmental Satellite Data and Information ServiceCollege ParkUSA Cooperative Institute for Marine and Atmospheric Studies University of MiamiMiamiFLUSA Naval Research Laboratory MontereyUSA Laboratoire de Meteorologie Dynamique ParisFrance Black Swift Technologies BoulderUSA Hong Kong Observatory Hong KongChina Disaster Prevention Research Institute Kyoto UniversityGokashoJapan University of the Ryukyus OkinawaJapan University Corporation for Atmospheric Research BoulderUSA Shanghai Meteorological service ShanghaiChina Sydney Institute of Marine Science MosmanAustralia University of cape Town RondeboschSouth Africa United States Naval Academy AnnapolisUSA University of Miami MiamiUSA Windborne Systems Palo AltoUSA Asia-Pacific Typhoon Collaborative Research Center ShanghaiChina Shanghai Typhoon Institute CMAShanghaiChina Nagoya University NagoyaJapan Yokohama National University YokohamaJapan NOAA/OMAO/Aircraft Operations Center LakelandUSA1

Observations of tropical cyclones(TC)from aircraft and in situ platforms provide critical and unique information for analyzing and forecasting TC intensity,structure,track,and their associated hazards.This report,prepared for the tenth International Workshop on Tropical Cyclones(IWTC-10),discusses the data collected around the world in TCs over the past four years since the IWTC-9,improvements to observing techniques,new instruments designed to achieve sustained and targeted atmospheric and oceanic observations,and select research results related to these observations.In the Atlantic and Eastern and Central Pacific basins,changes to operational aircraft reconnaissance are discussed along with several of the research field campaigns that have taken place recently.The changes in the use and impact of these aircraft observations in numerical weather prediction models are also provided along with updates on some of the experimental aircraft instrumentation.Highlights from three field campaigns in the Western Pacific basin are also discussed.Examples of in-situ data collected within recent TCs such as Hurricane Ian(2022),also demonstrate that new,emerging technologies and observation strategies reviewed in this report,definitely have the potential to further improve ocean-atmosphere coupled intensity forecasts.

关键词： Tropical cyclones Aircraft observations In situ observations IWTC-10

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Relationship between Corporate Image and Customer Loyalty in the Mobile Telecommunication Market in Kenya

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Management Studies 2014年第5期2卷 299-308页

作者： Paul Mensah Agyei James M. Kilika University of cape Coast Cape Coast Ghana Kenyatta University Nairobi Kenya

Customer loyalty is considered to be a key ingredient in enhancing the survival of businesses especially in the situations faced by highly competitive industries. This study assessed the relationship between corporate image and customer loyalty. While the antecedents of customer loyalty connected with the marketing mix factors have been well investigated, much still remains to be studied regarding some of the intermediate conditions created by the marketing mix factors and customer loyalty. This study sought to investigate the relationship between the dimensions of corporate image and customer loyalty in the mobile telecommunication market in Kenya. The study was guided by several hypotheses that tested the nature of the relationship between corporate image and customer loyalty using four dimensions of corporate image, namely service quality, chief executive officer (CEO) reputation, brand image, and physical evidence. The study adopted the descriptive survey research design and used a multi-stage stratified sampling technique to target 320 respondents from among students across campuses of Kenyatta University (KU). Primary data was obtained using a structured five-point Likert scale questionnaire and analyzed using Pearson product-moment correlation coefficient and regression analysis to test the degree of association between the dependent and the independent variables. The study registered a high response rate of 97.8% from the target respondents. The findings of the study based on the correlation analysis indicated that the four dimensions of corporate image positively correlate with customer loyalty at p service quality and brand image significantly predict customer loyalty. The regression model used explained 25% variation in the dependent variable. The null hypotheses one and four were supported while hypotheses two and three were not. The study concluded that of the four dimensi

关键词：管理学管理学理论管理方法管理技术

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Propagating Figured Wood in Black Walnut

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Open Journal of Forestry 2015年第5期5卷 518-525页

作者： James R. McKenna Wayne A. Geyer Keith E. Woeste Daniel L. Cassens USDA-Forest service Northern Research Station West Lafayette USA Kansas State University Manhattan KS USA Purdue University West Lafayette IN USA

Figured black walnut lumber is a specialty wood product that commands a high price for manufacturing fine furniture and interior paneling. Two common figured grain patterns occur in walnut;they are known as “fiddle-back” or “curly” grain, depending on the number of horizontal lines visible in the grain of the finished wood. The occurrence of figured walnut in nature is rare and unpredictable. Trees that have consistent figured patterns throughout the log are of exceptional value. Conversely, trees with partial or spotty figured patterns are considered defective and are reduced in value. Conventional breeding of seedlings, or cloning figured trees by grafting, are possible methods to propagate figured wood in walnut. The value of such material, however, will depend on figure being expressed predictably. For breeding to succeed, the trait of interest must be genetic and heritable. For clonal propagation to be effective, the trait must be reproduced true-to-type. In this study, we evaluate the grain pattern of both grafted and seedling walnut from several highly figured wild selections. Logs from grafted trees of three clones propagated in the 1970s in Kansas were evaluated. Only one log from one clone showed some figure in its lumber. Ten-year-old seedlings from the figured walnut clone “Lamb” were grown and cut in Indiana and evaluated for figured grain, and none showed any sign of figured grain developing. Our conclusion is that figured grain in black walnut does not propagate true-to-type through grafting or by growing open-pollinated seed. Although evidence of some genetic control of figure was found, environmental and other factors appear to play a greater role.

关键词： Juglans nigra Figured Wood Forestry Breeding True-to-Type Grafting Clonal Forestry

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Psychological Problems after Stroke and Their Management: State of Knowledge

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Neuroscience & Medicine 2012年第1期3卷 83-89页

作者： Ian I. Kneebone Nadina B. Lincoln Institute of Work Health and Organisations University of Nottingham UK. National Health service of Great Britain and northern Ireland (NHS) Improvement-Stroke Team London UK

Background: Stroke has the greatest disabling impact of any chronic disease. Psychological changes including emotional, behavioural and cognitive changes can be common after stroke. Recently more attention has been given to these concerns. Content: This paper considers the nature of these problems, how they can be identified and the evidence for effective interventions. Conclusions: Research is needed into instruments to better identify anxiety after stroke and into treatments for emotional and behavioural changes. Further work is also needed to establish the best means for identifying cognitive deficits after stroke, particularly executive and memory problems, and into the optimal means of ameliorating these deficits.

关键词： Stroke Emotional Disturbances Cognition Disorders Therapy

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Targeting the insulin-like growth factor-1 receptor in MTAP-deficient renal cell carcinoma

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Signal Transduction and Targeted Therapy 2019年第1期4卷 625-635页

作者： Jihao Xu Wen-Hsin Chang Lon Wolf R.Fong Robert H.Weiss Sung-Liang Yu Ching-Hsien Chen Division of Nephrology Department of Internal MedicineUniversity of California DavisDavisCAUSA Institute of Molecular Medicine National Taiwan University College of MedicineTaipeiTaiwan Department of Experimental Therapeutics Division of Cancer MedicineThe University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer CenterHoustonTXUSA Medical service Department of Veterans’Affairs Northern California Health Care System CenterSacramentoCAUSA Comprehensive Cancer Center University of California DavisSacramentoCAUSA Department of Clinical Laboratory Sciences and Medical Biotechnology National Taiwan University College of MedicineTaipeiTaiwan

Renal cell carcinoma(RCC)has emerged as a metabolic disease characterized by dysregulated expression of metabolic enzymes.Patients with metastatic RCC have an unusually poor prognosis and near-universal resistance to all current therapies.To improve RCC treatment and the survival rate of patients with RCC,there is an urgent need to reveal the mechanisms by which metabolic reprogramming regulates aberrant signaling and oncogenic progression.Through an integrated analysis of RCC metabolic pathways,we showed that methylthioadenosine phosphorylase(MTAP)and its substrate methylthioadenosine(MTA)are dysregulated in aggressive RCC.A decrease in MTAP expression was observed in RCC tissues and correlated with higher tumor grade and shorter overall survival.Genetic manipulation of MTAP demonstrated that MTAP expression inhibits the epithelial-mesenchymal transition,invasion and migration of RCC cells.Interestingly,we found a decrease in the protein methylation level with a concomitant increase in tyrosine phosphorylation after MTAP knockout.A phospho-kinase array screen identified the type 1 insulin-like growth factor-1 receptor(IGF1R)as the candidate with the highest upregulation in tyrosine phosphorylation in response to MTAP loss.We further demonstrated that IGF1R phosphorylation acts upstream of Src and STAT3 signaling in MTAP-knockout RCC cells.IGF1R suppression by a selective inhibitor of IGF1R,linsitinib,impaired the cell migration and invasion capability of MTAP-deleted cells.Surprisingly,an increase in linsitinib-mediated cytotoxicity occurred in RCC cells with MTAP deficiency.Our data suggest that IGF1R signaling is a driver pathway that contributes to the aggressive nature of MTAP-deleted RCC.

关键词： invasion impaired deleted

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