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Amino acid nutrition and metabolism in domestic cats and dogs

畜牧与生物技术杂志:英文版 2023年第5期14卷 1777-1797页

作者： Peng Li Guoyao Wu north american renderers association AlexandriaVirginia 22314USA Department of Animal Science Texas A&M UniversityCollege StationTX 77843USA

Domestic cats and dogs are carnivores that have evolved differentially in the nutrition and metabolism of amino acids.This article highlights both proteinogenic and nonproteinogenic amino acids.Dogs inadequately synthesize citrulline(the precursor of arginine)from glutamine,glutamate,and proline in the small intestine.Although most breeds of dogs have potential for adequately converting cysteine into taurine in the liver,a small proportion(1.3%-2.5%)of the Newfoundland dogs fed commercially available balanced diets exhibit a deficiency of taurine possibly due to gene mutations.Certain breeds of dogs(e.g.,golden retrievers)are more prone to taurine deficiency possibly due to lower hepatic activities of cysteine dioxygenase and cysteine sulfinate decarboxylase.De novo synthesis of arginine and taurine is very limited in cats.Thus,concentrations of both taurine and arginine in feline milk are the greatest among domestic mammals.Compared with dogs,cats have greater endogenous nitrogen losses and higher dietary requirements for many amino acids(e.g.,arginine,taurine,cysteine,and tyrosine),and are less sensitive to amino acid imbalances and antagonisms.Throughout adulthood,cats and dogs may lose 34%and 21%of their lean body mass,respectively.Adequate intakes of high-quality protein(i.e.,32%and 40%animal protein in diets of aging dogs and cats,respectively;dry matter basis)are recommended to alleviate aging-associated reductions in the mass and function of skeletal muscles and bones.Pet-food grade animal-sourced foodstuffs are excellent sources of both proteinogenic amino acids and taurine for cats and dogs,and can help to optimize their growth,development,and health.

关键词： Animal-sourced foodstuffs Cats Dogs Health Metabolism Nutrition

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Distribution of licensed acupuncturists and educational institutions in the United States at the start of 2023,during the late stage of the COVID-19 pandemic

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Journal of Integrative Medicine 2024年第4期22卷 379-384页

作者： Arthur Yin Fan De-guang He Anu Sangraula Sarah Faggert Alemi Amy Matecki american Traditional Chinese Medicine association McLean Center for Complementary and Alternative Medicine New England School of Acupuncture Massachusetts College of Pharmacy and Health Sciences Lombardi Comprehensive Cancer Center Cancer Prevention and Control Program Georgetown University Eastern Roots Wellness PLC Sutter Health Alta Bates Summit Medical Center

This study was conducted to identify the number and density of active licensed acupuncturists(LAcs), as well as the number of accredited schools in acupuncture and Oriental medicine(AOM), as of January 1,2023, in the United States(U.S.). The number of active LAcs as of January 1, 2023 was 34,524, potentially33,364 after removing license duplication in multiple states, among which the largest three states were California(with 7317 LAcs [21.19% of the total]), New York(5024 [14.55%]) and Florida(2644 [7.66%]).The total number of LAcs decreased by 8.87% from 2018, and fell short of our projected number of LAcs in 2023 by 9037, or 20.75%. The overall LAc density in the U.S.Dmeasured as the number of LAcs per 100,000 populationDwas 10.36, less than in 2018. There were 56 active, accredited AOM schools which offered a total of 147 programs(121 at the level necessary for licensing [entry-level], 12 for an advanced practicing degree [advanced-level], and 14 for certifications). Broken down further, offerings included 50 master's degrees in acupuncture, 40 master's degrees in Oriental medicine, 31 entry-level doctorate degrees(10 in acupuncture and 21 in acupuncture plus Chinese herbal medicine), and 12advanced-level doctorate degrees in AOM. The certification programs included one in East-Asian Medical Bodywork and 13 in CHM. Among these schools in 2023, institutions in the West and East Coast states comprised 67.86%(decreased from 77.42% in 2018) of the national total. California, Florida and Illinois represented 39.29%. There were 48 jurisdictions with acupuncture practice laws in place.The data suggests that the acupuncture profession in the U.S. has been significantly impacted during the coronavirus disease 2019 pandemic.

关键词： Acupuncture educational institution Acupuncturist Density Distribution Oriental medicine United States

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Aggravation of Cancer,Heart Diseases and Diabetes Subsequent to COVID-19 Lockdown via Mathematical Modeling

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Computer Modeling in Engineering & Sciences 2024年第7期140卷 485-512页

作者： Fatma Nese Efil Sania Qureshi Nezihal Gokbulut Kamyar Hosseini Evren Hincal Amanullah Soomro Near East University Department of MathematicsNicosia99010North Cyprus Mehran University of Engineering and Technology Department of Basic Sciences and Related StudiesJamshoro76090Pakistan Department of Computer Science and Mathematics Lebanese American UniversityP.O.Box 13-5053BeirutLebanon Near East University Mathematics Research CenterNicosia99010North Cyprus

The global populationhas beenandwill continue to be severely impacted by theCOVID-19 epidemic.The primary objective of this research is to demonstrate the future impact of COVID-19 on those who suffer from other fatal conditions such as cancer,heart disease,and diabetes.Here,using ordinary differential equations(ODEs),two mathematical models are developed to explain the association between COVID-19 and cancer and between COVID-19 and diabetes and heart disease.After that,we highlight the stability assessments that can be applied to these models.Sensitivity analysis is used to examine how changes in certain factors impact different aspects of disease.The sensitivity analysis showed that many people are still nervous about seeing a doctor due to COVID-19,which could result in a dramatic increase in the diagnosis of various ailments in the years to come.The correlation between diabetes and cardiovascular illness is also illustrated graphically.The effects of smoking and obesity are also found to be significant in disease compartments.Model fitting is also provided for interpreting the relationship between real data and the results of thiswork.Diabetic people,in particular,need tomonitor their health conditions closely and practice heart health maintenance.People with heart diseases should undergo regular checks so that they can protect themselves from diabetes and take some precautions including suitable diets.The main purpose of this study is to emphasize the importance of regular checks,to warn people about the effects of COVID-19(including avoiding healthcare centers and doctors because of the spread of infectious diseases)and to indicate the importance of family history of cancer,heart diseases and diabetes.The provision of the recommendations requires an increase in public consciousness.

关键词： COVID-19 mathematical modeling cancer diabetes heart diseases sensitivity analysis

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美国中草药的监管与应用——误用是导致中毒事件的主要原因

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Acupuncture and Herbal Medicine 2024年第2期4卷 159-166,I0002页

作者： Willow JH Liu american association of Chinese Herbs 美国

中药已经用于预防和治疗疾病超过两千年。它通过中国移民传播到世界各地,帮助了无数患者缓解疾病带来的痛苦。美国和大多数西方国家将中药归类为膳食补充剂。然而,由于一些无知的地方商人滥用少数中药,导致了一些事件,例如与麻黄相关的... 详细信息

中药已经用于预防和治疗疾病超过两千年。它通过中国移民传播到世界各地,帮助了无数患者缓解疾病带来的痛苦。美国和大多数西方国家将中药归类为膳食补充剂。然而,由于一些无知的地方商人滥用少数中药,导致了一些事件,例如与麻黄相关的死亡和含有马兜铃酸的产品相关的肾衰竭,中药的声誉受到了严重损害。许多美国人不知道传统中医、中药和中药草药之间的区别。他们不知道中药的疗效和安全性取决于正确的诊断和辨证、配方、剂量、用药时间以及药材的质量。中药的毒性自《神农本草经》(神农的药材书)以来就有记录,这是2000年前写的第一本关于中药的书,其中将药物根据其安全性分为三类,并自那时起不断记录和更新。包括生殖毒性在内的大多数中药的毒性已列入《中华人民共和国药典》。自上个世纪以来,动物研究已应用于中药。草药的毒性可能在不同动物物种之间有所不同。对正常和疾病诱导的动物进行的研究也可能表现出不同的毒性。此外,科学家们还发现,某些毒性仅对具有特定健康状况和特定基因的某些人群呈现,被称为特异质毒性。本文回顾了中药在美国的应用、教育、研究和监管,并讨论了中药的毒性问题。

关键词：毒性问题疗效和安全性动物物种马兜铃酸《神农本草经》肾衰竭生殖毒性膳食补充剂

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Oral anti-coagulants use in Chinese hospitalized patients with atrial fibrillation

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Chinese Medical Journal 2024年第2期137卷 172-180页

作者： Jing Lin Deyong Long Chenxi Jiang Caihua Sang Ribo Tang Songnan Li Wei Wang Xueyuan Guo Man Ning Zhaoqing Sun Na Yang Yongchen Hao Jun Liu Jing Liu Xin Du Louise Morgan Gregg C.Fonarow Sidney C.Smith Jr Gregory Y.H.Lip Dong Zhao Jianzeng Dong Changsheng Ma On behalf of CCC-AF investigators Department of Cardiology Beijing Anzhen HospitalCapital Medical UniversityBeijing 100029China National Clinical Research Center for Cardiovascular Diseases Beijing 100029 China Department of Epidemiology Beijing Anzhen HospitalCapital Medical UniversityBeijing Institute of HeartLung and Blood Vessel DiseasesBeijing 100029China International Quality Improvement Department American Heart AssociationDallasTX 07076USA Division of Cardiology Geffen School of Medicine at University of CaliforniaLos Angeles CA 90024USA Division of Cardiology University of North CarolinaChapel HillNC 27599USA Department of Cardiology Liverpool Centre for Cardiovascular ScienceUniversity of Liverpool and Liverpool Heart&Chest HospitalLiverpool L143PEUK Department of Clinical Medicine Aalborg UniversityAalborg 9000Denmark 不详

Background:Oral anti-coagulants(OAC)are the intervention for the prevention of stroke,which consistently improve clinical outcomes and survival among patients with atrial fibrillation(AF).The main purpose of this study is to identify problems in OAC utilization among hospitalized patients with AF in China.Methods:Using data from the Improving Care for Cardiovascular Disease in China-Atrial Fibrillation(CCC-AF)registry,guideline-recommended OAC use in eligible patients was assessed.Results:A total of 52,530 patients with non-valvular AF were enrolled from February 2015 to December 2019,of whom 38,203 were at a high risk of stroke,9717 were at a moderate risk,and 4610 were at a low risk.On admission,only 20.0%(6075/30,420)of patients with a diagnosed AF and a high risk of stroke were taking OAC.The use of pre-hospital OAC on admission was associated with a lower risk of new-onset ischemic stroke/transient ischemic attack among the diagnosed AF population(adjusted odds ratio:0.54,95%confidence interval:0.43-0.68;P70%of AF patients were at a high risk of stroke.Although poor performance on guideline-recommended OAC use was found in this study,over time the CCC-AF project has made progress in stroke prevention in the Chinese AF population.Registration:ClinicalTrials.gov,NCT02309398.

关键词： Atrial fibrillation Oral anti-coagulants OAC Stroke prevention Contraindication

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Acupuncture Legislation in the United States: Minnesota as a Case Study

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Chinese Medicine and Culture 2024年第2期7卷 104-118页

作者： Changzhen Gong american Academy of Traditional Chinese Medicine Roseville 55113USA

2023 marks the 50th anniversary of legal regulation of acupuncture in the United States,as the first acupuncture law was enacted in Nevada.Acupuncture,like any other medical modality,is regulated at the state level,with each state formulating and enforcing its own laws and statutes over time.This article narrates the legislative process and major developments of the acupuncture profession in Minnesota,in the context of legislative developments across the country.It tells how this midsize,Midwest state’s acupuncture profession became regulated,and examines the challenges faced by the profession before and after state statutes were enacted.Minnesota stands as a representative example of the legislative process in other states.

关键词： Acupuncture Acupuncture law Legislature Minnesota Acupuncture association Minnesota Board of Medical Practice Minnesota Department of Health

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Unleashing the Potential of Unidirectional Mechanical Materials: Breakthroughs and Promising Applications

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Materials Sciences and Applications 2024年第4期15卷 66-86页

作者： Sunil Harripersad SBCS Global Learning Institute Limited Port of Spain Trinidad & Tobago Faculty of Mechanical Engineering Atlantic International University Honolulu Hawaii USA Faculty of Science American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS) Washington D.C. USA Department of Planning RCA and R&D Coosal&#8217s Group of Companies Port of Spain Trinidad and Tobago Caterpillar Engineering Technicians for the World Program Irving Texas USA Faculty of Engineering TECH Technological University Tenerife Spain

The emergence of mechanically one-way materials presents an exciting opportunity for materials science and engineering. These substances exhibit unique nonreciprocal mechanical responses, enabling them to selectively channel mechanical energy and facilitate directed sound propagation, controlled mass transport, and concentration of mechanical energy amidst random motion. This article explores the fundamentals of mechanically one-way materials, their potential applications across various industries, and the economic and environmental considerations related to their production and use.

关键词： Mechanically One-Way Materials Nonreciprocal Mechanical Responses Directed Sound Propagation Controlled Mass Transport Energy Harvesting Structural Engineering Economic Viability Environmental Impact

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Anti-inflammatory mechanism of electroacupuncture involves the modulation of multiple systems,levels and targets and is not limited to“driving the vagus-adrenal axis”

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Journal of Integrative Medicine 2023年第4期21卷 320-323页

作者： Arthur Yin Fan american TCM association ViennaVA 22182USA McLean Center for Complementary and Alternative Medicine PLCViennaVA 22182USA

In October 2021,an international collaborative study on the use of electroacupuncture(EA)to treat inflammation was published in the journal Nature by Dr.Qiufu Ma’s team.Based on the results of EA on inflammation in the mouse model of lipopolysaccharide inflammatory storm,the study showed that the distal effect of acupuncture can be achieved by“driving the vagus-adrenal axis(through the adrenal medulla,by releasing catecholamines).”PROKR2Cre-marked sensory neurons,which innervate the deep hindlimb fascia but not the abdominal fascia,are crucial for driving this axis.The study suggests the existence of specificity distribution of acupoints,that different EA stimulation intensities or different needle penetration depths have different therapeutic effects,that photosensitive stimulation may be a substitute for needle acupuncture,and that massage,stretching and body movements may also activate PROKR2Cremarkable dorsal root ganglion sensory neurons and elicit anti-inflammatory effects.However,results of some other studies are contrary to the conclusions of Ma’s team.For examples:low-intensity EA at GB30 point significantly reduced the inflammation in the rat model of persistent inflammation,which is more relevant to the real daily acupuncture practice,and this effect was partly related to the adrenal cortex and associated with the stimulation of corticosterone and adrenocorticotropic hormone;manual acupuncture(similar to the low-intensity EA)at KI3,Zhichuan point(an extra point),etc.was effective in a severe COVID-19 patient with sepsis;stimulating ST25 with low-intensity EA or manual acupuncture was effective against gastrointestinal inflammations;the above mentioned points are not in an area enriched with PROKR2Cre-marked sensory nerve endings.Evidence shows that the mechanism of EA against inflammation includes modulating multi-systems,multi-levels and multi-targets,which does not limit to“driving the vagus-adrenal axis.”

关键词： Electric acupuncture Acupuncture Anti-inflammation Mechanism Adrenal Autonomic nerves

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Global progress against cancer—challenges and opportunities

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Cancer Biology & Medicine 2013年第4期10卷 183-186页

作者： Frédéric Biemar Margaret Foti american association for Cancer Research

The last ten years have seen remarkable progress in cancer research.However,despite significant breakthroughs in the understanding,prevention,and treatment of cancer,the disease continues to affect millions of people worldwide.Cancer’s complexity compounded with financial,policy and regulatory roadblocks has slowed the rate of progress being made against cancer.In this paper,we review a few of the most recent breakthroughs that are fueling medical advances and bringing new hope for patients affected by this devastating disease.We also address the challenges facing us and the opportunities to accelerate future progress against cancer.The efforts of the american association for Cancer Research(AACR)to address the cancer burden already extend beyond the borders of the United States of America.The AACR is committed to increasing its efforts to stem the tide of cancer worldwide by promoting innovative programs,strategies,and initiatives for cancer researchers and all those engaged in cancer-related biomedical sciences around the world.

关键词：癌症医学科学世界范围研究人员复杂性破坏性

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association of stage 1 hypertension defined by the 2017 ACC/AHA guideline with cardiovascular events and mortality in Chinese adults

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Chinese Medical Journal 2024年第1期137卷 63-72页

作者： Qiannan Gao Liuxin Li Jingjing Bai Luyun Fan Jiangshan Tan Shouling Wu Jun Cai Hypertension Center Fuwai HospitalState Key Laboratory of Cardiovascular DiseaseNational Center for Cardiovascular DiseasesPeking Union Medical CollegeChinese Academy of Medical SciencesBeijing 100037China Department of Cardiology Kailuan General HospitalNorth China University of Science and TechnologyTangshanHebei 063000China Emergency Center Fuwai HospitalState Key Laboratory of Cardiovascular DiseaseNational Center for Cardiovascular DiseasesPeking Union Medical CollegeChinese Academy of Medical SciencesBeijing 100037China

Background:The 2017 american College of Cardiology/american Heart association(ACC/AHA)blood pressure(BP)guideline lowered the threshold defining hypertension to 130/80 mmHg.However,how stage 1 hypertension defined using this guideline is associated with cardiovascular events in Chinese adults remains unclear.This study assessed the association between stage 1 hypertension defined by the 2017 ACC/AHA guideline and clinical outcomes in the Chinese population.Methods:Participants with stage 1 hypertension(n=69,509)or normal BP(n=34,142)were followed in this study from 2006/2007 to 2020.Stage 1 hypertension was defined as a systolic blood pressure of 130-139 mmHg or a diastolic blood pressure of 80-89 mmHg.None were taking antihypertensive medication or had a history of myocardial infarction(MI),stroke,or cancer at baseline.The primary outcome was a composite of MI,stroke,and all-cause mortality.The secondary outcomes were individual components of the primary outcome.Cox proportional hazards models were used for the analysis.Results:During a median follow-up of 11.09 years,we observed 10,479 events(MI,n=995;stroke,n=3408;all-cause mortality,n=7094).After multivariable adjustment,the hazard ratios for stage 1 hypertension vs.normal BP were 1.20(95%confidence interval[CI],1.13-1.25)for primary outcome,1.24(95%CI,1.05-1.46)for MI,1.45(95%CI,1.33-1.59)for stroke,and 1.11(95%CI,1.04-1.17)for all-cause mortality.The hazard ratios for participants with stage 1 hypertension who were prescribed antihypertensive medications compared with those without antihypertensive treatment during the follow-up was 0.90(95%CI,0.85-0.96).Conclusions:Using the new definition,Chinese adults with untreated stage 1 hypertension are at higher risk for MI,stroke,and all-cause mortality.This finding may help to validate the new BP classification system in China.

关键词： Hypertension Cardiovascular disease All-cause mortality Cox regression analysis

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