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Modular zonal fluid sampling and pressure testing technology for production well

Petroleum Exploration and Development 2022年第2期49卷 438-447页

作者： XU Jianguo YANG Qinghai YI Peng HOU Ze JIA Weite FU Tao ZHANG Zonglin YUE Qingfeng Jilin oilfield oil&Gas engineering Research Institute Songyuan 138000China PetroChina Research Institute of Petroleum Exploration&Development Beijing 100083China Jilin oilfield Xinmu production plant Songyuan 138000China Daqing oilfield production engineering Research Institute Daqing 163453China

To accurately obtain development dynamic data such as zonal pressure and fluid parameters of each oil layer in the late development stage of a high water-cut old oilfield, a modular zonal sampling and testing technology with the characteristics of modularization, full electronic control and rapidity was proposed and developed. Lab testing and on-site testing was carried out. The modular zonal sampling and testing system is composed of 10 functional modules, namely ground control system, downhole power supply module, drainage pump, electronically controlled anchor, electronically controlled packer, electronically controlled sampler, magnetic positioning sub, terminal sub, adapter cable, and quick connector. Indoor tests have confirmed that the performance parameters of each module meet the design requirements. The downhole function modules of the system can withstand pressures up to 35 MPa and temperatures up to 85 ℃. The rubber cylinder of the electronically controlled packer can withstand a pressure difference of more than 10 MPa. The electronically controlled anchor has an anchoring force of greater than 6.9 t, and can be forcibly detached in the event of an accident. The discharge pump has a displacement of 0.8 m;/d and a head of 500 m. The electronically controlled sampler can meet the requirement of taking 500 mL of sample in each of the 3 chambers. Field tests in Jilin oilfield show that the system can realize rapid isolation and self-check of isolation of a certain production interval downhole, as well as layer-by layer pressure build-up test. The drainage pump can be used to discharge the mixed liquid between the upper and lower packers and near the wellbore to obtain real fluid samples of the tested formation interval. The data obtained give us better understanding on the pay zones in old oilfields, and provide important basis for development plan adjustment, reservoir stimulation, and EOR measures.

关键词： zonal sampling zonal testing modularization full electronic control rapidity enhanced oil recovery fluid sampling pressure testing

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Performance-based fractal fracture model for complex fracture network simulation

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Petroleum Science 2018年第1期15卷 126-134页

作者： Wen-Dong Wang Yu-Liang Su Qi Zhang Gang Xiang Shi-Ming Cui School of Petroleum engineering China University of Petroleum (East China) Qingdao 266580 Shandong China CCDC Downhole Service Company Chengdu 610213 Sichuan China China National Petroleum Corporation Jilin Oil FieldXinmu Oil Production Plant Jilin 138000 China

The paper presents a novel hydraulic fracturing model for the characterization and simulation of the complex fracture network in shale gas reservoirs. We go beyond the existing method that uses planar or orthogonal conjugate fractures for representing the ＇＇complexity＇＇ of the network. Bifurcation of fractures is performed utilizing the Lindenmayer system based on fractal geometry to describe the fracture propagation pattern, density and network connectivity. Four controlling parameters are proposed to describe the details of complex fractures and stimulated reservoir volume（SRV）. The results show that due to the multilevel feature of fractal fractures, the model could provide a simple method for contributing reservoir volume calibration. The primary-and second-stage fracture networks across the overall SRV are the main contributions to the production, while the induced fracture network just contributes another 20% in the late producing period. We also conduct simulation with respect to different refracturing cases and find that increasing the complexity of the fracture network provides better performance than only enhancing the fracture conductivity.

关键词： Fractal geometry Fractal fracture model Complex fracture network characterization Contributing reservoirvolume Refracturing

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Construction of Highly Efficient Photocatalyst with Core-Shell Au@Ag/C@SiO_(2)Hybrid Structure towards Visible-Light-Driven Photocatalytic Reduction

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Chinese Journal of Chemistry 2021年第10期39卷 2865-2872页

作者： Huiqin An Shunyuan Xiao Xiaohui Zhao Lifang Cao Ting Liu Mengzhu Li Bing Wang Zhen Yin State Key Laboratory of Separation Membranes and Membrane Processes&School of Chemistry and Chemical engineering Tiangong UniversityTianjin 300387China Second oil production plant in Chongqing oilfield QingyongGansu 745106China Beijing Institute of Aerospace Testing technology Beijing 100048China College of Chemical engineering and Materials Science Tianjin University of Science and TechnologyTianjin300457 China

Main observation and conclusion Herein,we report a rational construction of Au@Ag/C@SiO_(2)system with Au@Ag core-shell nanoparticles(NPs)as a promising photocatalyst based on the plasmonic coupling effect for the first time towards the photoreduction of nitroaromatic compounds under visible *** combination and elaborate construction of Au@Ag NPs,carbon microspheres and mesoporous SiO_(2)shell can endow this system with several outstanding features towards photocatalytic ***,the broadband light harvesting across ultraviolet-visible-near infrared(UV-vis-NIR)region can be achieved due to the comprehensive effect of surface plasmonic resonance(SPR)coupling model of Au and Ag,near-field scattering light of carbon microspheres and light reflecting effect of SiO_(2)shell,resulting in the production of more electrons for phororeduction ***,the carbon microspheres in Au@Ag/C@SiO_(2)system possess electron-rich property due to their strong electron-withdrawing ability,which can act as the Lewis acid and Lewis basic site,and promote the stepwise hydrogenation of ***,Au@Ag/C@SiO_(2)exhibits excellent reusability because of the protection of SiO_(2)shell,which restricts metal NPs inside the spheres and protects them from aggregation and being lost during reaction *** present work demonstrates the significance of construction of hybrid nanostructures based on the plasmonic coupling effect,which can be a promising approach to design efficient photocatalyst towards organic synthesis under visible light.

关键词： Au@Ag nanoparticles Surface plasmon resonance Carbon microspheres Si0_(2)shell Photocatalysis

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Facile synthesis of chromium chloride/poly(methyl methacrylate) core/shell nanocapsules by inverse miniemulsion evaporation method and application as delayed crosslinker in secondary oil recovery

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Petroleum Science 2023年第1期20卷 396-406页

作者： Jing-Yang Pu Keith P.Johnston Ping-Keng Wu Muaaz Ahmad Ming-Liang Luo Na Zhang Ju-Tao He School of Petroleum engineering China University of Petroleum(East China)Qingdao266580ShandongChina Key Laboratory of Unconventional oil&Gas Development(China University of Petroleum(East China)) Ministry of EducationQingdao266580ShandongChina Mcketta Department of Chemical engineering The University of Texas at AustinAustinTX78712USA Department of Energy and Mining engineering Shandong University of Science and TechnologyQingdao266590ShandongChina No.7 oil production plant of PetroChina Changqing oilfield Branch Qingyang745100GansuChina

Cr(III)ehydrolyzed polyacrylamide(HPAM)gels have been extensively studied as a promising strategy controlling waste water production for mature ***,the gelation time of the current technologies is not long enough for in-depth *** this study,we report a novel synthesis method to obtain chromium chloride/poly(methyl methacrylate)(PMMA)nanocapsules which can significantly delay the gelation of HPAM through encapsulating the chromium chloride *** chromium chloride-loaded nanocapsules(CreNC)are prepared via a facile inverse miniemulsion evaporation method during which the hydrophobic PMMA polymers,pre-dispersed in an organic solvent,were carefully controlled to precipitate onto stable aqueous miniemulsion *** stable aqueous nanodroplets(W)containing Cr(III)are dispersed in a mixture of organic solvent(O1)with PMMA and nonsolvent medium(O2)to prepare an inverse *** the evaporation of the O1,PMMA forms CreNCs around the aqueous *** CreNCs are readily transferred into water from the organic nonsolvent *** CreNCs exhibit the tunable size(358-983 nm),Cr loading(7.1%-19.1%),and Cr entrapment efficiency(11.7%-80.2%),with tunable zeta potentials in different PVA *** CreNCs can delay release of Cr(III)and prolong the gelation time of HPAM up to 27 days.

关键词： Nanocapsules Inverse miniemulsion evaporation Chromium chloride crosslinker HPAM gelation Secondary oil recovery

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Surface wettability and flow properties of non-metallic pipes in laminar flow

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Chinese Journal of Chemical engineering 2020年第3期28卷 636-642页

作者： Hongyuan Qi Aiguo Liang Huayi Jiang Jianying Shi Nana Sun Yulong Wang College of Petroleum engineering Xi'an Shiyou UniversityXi'an 710065China Shaanxi Key Laboratory of Advanced Stimulation technology for oil&Gas Reservoirs Xi'an Shiyou UniversityXi'an 710065China Karamay Hongshan oilfield Co.Ltd. Karamay 834000China No.1 production plant Xinjiang Oilfield Branch CompanyKaramay 834000China

In this paper,three liquids flowing in five pipes with the same inner diameter of 14 mm were studied to determine the relationship between the surface wettability and flow properties in laminar flow(Re b 2000).This was motivated by oilfield observations of increased pressure drops in non-metallic pipes compared to those in metal pipes,which was contrary to expectations.A new expression for the frictional coefficient that considers the Reynolds number and contact angleθin laminar flow for non-metallic pipes was proposed based on the experimental results of single-phase flow using dimension and regression *** solutions of the anomalous phenomenon were proposed from the perspectives of the pipe diameter,contact-angle difference,and the compatibility between flexible composite pipe and JLHW105 oil according to the new *** surprising finding was that the surface wettability could control the frictional resistance by the critical contact angle(39.9°)obtained at the same Reynolds *** 0°bθ≤39.9°,the frictional coefficient increased as the contact angle *** contrast,if 39.9°bθb 180°,the frictional coefficient decreased with increasing contact *** influences of the pipe diameter and contactangle difference on the pressure drop difference of JLHW105 oil showed an inversely proportional relation.A series of materials and liquids were *** selection of pipe material for transporting a given fluid can be based on the contact angle,surface tension,and critical limit of the contact angle *** research results are expected to provide some guidelines for the selection of the appropriate pipe material for a given set of fluids.

关键词： Wettability Contact angle Frictional coefficient Fluid mechanics Laminar flow Petroleum

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Occurrence state and oil content evaluation of Permian Fengcheng Formation in the Hashan area as constrained by NMR and multistage Rock-Eval

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Petroleum Science 2023年第3期20卷 1363-1378页

作者： Yue Wang Xiang-Chun Chang Zhong-Quan Liu Peng-Fei Zhang Wei-Zheng Gao Zhi-Ping Zeng Gui-Sheng Li College of Earth Science and engineering Shandong University of Science and TechnologyQingdaoShandong266590China Laboratoryfor Marine Mineral Reources Pilot National Laboratory for Marine Science and Technology QingdaoShandong 266071China Research Institute of Petroleum Exploration and Development Shengli Oil CompanySinopecDongyingShandong257001China No.5 Ooil production plant of Dagang oilfield Company CNPCTianjin300280China

The Hashan area,neighboring the Mahu Sag that is rich in the shale oil resources,showed commercial oil flow in the corresponding lacustrine shales of the Lower Permian Fengcheng Formation(P)with reserve scale approximately 789 million tons,presenting great potential for oil *** their geographical proximity,the hydrocarbon occurrence and oil-bearing capacity of shale in the Hashan area and Mahu Sag greatly differ owing to the complex tectonic ***,understanding the occurrence state and oil content of the Pif in the Hashan area is crucial for ongoing shale oil exploration activities and the development of the northwestern margin of the Junggar *** this study,an in-tegrated investigation,including petrological observations,scanning electron microscopy(SEM)obser-vation,analysis of nuclear magnetic resonance(NMR)Ti-T2 spectra,and conventional and multistage Rock-Eval pyrolysis methods were conducted to evaluate the occurrence state and oil content of the Pif shale in the Hashan *** results indicate that plagioclase(average 30.7%)and quartz(24.1%)dominate the mineral compositions of the Pf shale samples.A method involving quartz-plagioclase-carbonate minerals is proposed to conduct lithofacies *** the Hashan area,the organic matter abundance in the Pf shale is scaled in fair to good range,the thermal maturity ranges from immature to early mature stage,and the primary organic matter types are Types I and *** and dissolution pores are the two most common pore *** free oil is mostly found in the pores and microfractures of the mineral matrix,whereas the adsorbed oil is mostly adsorbed on the surfaces of kerogen and clay *** high organic matter abundance,quartz content,and porosity account for substantial increase in the oil content,the area rich in shale oil resources coincides with that rich in free *** most favorable lithofacies in the Hashan area is the calcareous mudstone/shale,which

关键词： Hashan area oil content Occurrence state Pore types Ti-T2 NMR Shale oil

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Compositional heterogeneity of crude oil and its origin in the Linnan subsag,Linyi County,Shandong Province

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Chinese Journal Of Geochemistry 2008年第4期27卷 377-383页

作者： CHANG Xiangchun DUAN Yunge CHEN Qingchun MA Lixin School of Geo-information Science and engineering Shandong University of Science and Technology Qingdao 266510 China Linpan production plant ofShenli oilfield Company SINOPEC Linyi 251507 China

The Linnan subsag is the main oil producer of the Linpan oil zone. Based on the oil group composition,gas chromatography data and biomarker analysis,it was indicated that crude oils from different oilfields varied greatly in group composition and showed obvious heterogeneities in the aspects of precursor type,crude oil maturity and hydrocarbon depositional environment. According to the characteristics of source rocks,three oil populations can be distinguished,i.e.,the southern,northern and transitional oil populations. Furthermore,on the basis of post-reservoir reworking processes,the medium conditions of hydrocarbon-generating environment and differences in maturity,six oil families and twelve sub-families were distinquished. An integrated study suggested that the fac-tors leading to such heterogeneities in crude oil composition mainly include different source rocks,multi-stage oil/gas charging,geo-chromatographic effects during oil/gas migration,reservoir heterogeneities and various post-reservoir secondary alterations.

关键词：天然石油异质性岩石成熟度

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Influence of sedimentation and diagenesis on reservoir physical properties:a case study of the Funing Formation,Subei Basin,eastern China

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Frontiers of Earth Science 2021年第4期15卷 892-908页

作者： Jinkai WANG Yuxiang FU Zhaoxun YAN Jialin FU Jun XEE Kaikai LI Yongfu ZHAO College of Earth Science and engineering Shandong University of Science and TechnologyQingdao 266590China Laboratory for Marine Mineral Resources Qingdao National Laboratory for Marine Science and TechnologyQingdao 266237China The Fourth Gas production plant Changqing Oilfield BranchPetroChinaXi’an 710021China Management Centre of oil and Gas Exploration Shengli OilfieldSINOPECDongying 257000China

The sandstone of the third member of the Funing Formation(E1f3)in the northern slope zone of the Gaoyou Sag has the typical characteristics of high porosity and ultralow permeability,which makes it difficult for oil to *** this study,the lithological characteristics,sedimentary facies,diagenetic characteristics,pore struc-ture,and seepage ability of this sandstone are characterized in *** analysis is used to reveal the reason for the sandstone high porosity-low permeability phenom-enon in the study *** results indicate that this phenomenon is controlled mainly by the following three factors:1)the sedimentary environment is the initial affecting factor,whereby the deposition of a large number of fine-grained materials reduces the primary pores of sandstone.2)The Funing Formation has undergone strong compaction and cementation,which have led to the removal of most of the primary pores and a reduction in size of the throat channels.3)Owing to fluid activity during the later stage of diagenesis,sandstone underwent intense dissolution and a large number of particles(feldspar and lithic debris)formed many dissolution pores(accounting for nearly 60%of the total pore space).Among these factors,dissolution has contributed the most to the development of high porosity-low permeability *** is mainly attributed to the inhomogeneous dissolution process,whereby the degree of particle dissolution(***)exceeds that of cementing minerals(clay and carbonate minerals).The secondary dissolution pores have increased the porosity of sandstone in the study area;however,the pore connectivity(permeability)has not been significantly improved,thus resulting in the special high porosity-low permeability characteristics of this sandstone.

关键词： Gaoyou Depression constant-rate mercury injection porosity anomaly diagenesis sedimentary microfacies

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Crack propagation and hydraulic fracturing in different lithologies

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Applied Geophysics 2019年第2期16卷 243-251,255页

作者： Hou Zhen-Kun Cheng Han-Lie Sun Shu-Wei Chen Jun Qi Dian-Qing Liu Zhi-Bo Guangzhou Institute of Building Science Co. Ltd.Guangzhou 510440China. LandOcean Energy Services Co. Ltd.Beijing 100084China. School of Energy and Mining engineering China University of Mining and Technology (Beijing)Beijing 100083China. No.4 oil production plant Huabei Oil Field Ltd.PetroChinaLangfang 065000P.R.China.

We simulated hydraulic fracturing in different lithologic rocks in the horizontal drilling by using the true physical model experiment and large rock specimens, carried out the real-time dynamic monitoring with adding tracer and then did post-fracturing cutting and so on. Based on this monitoring results, we compared and assessed the factors affecting expansion in shale, shell limestone, and tight sandstone and the fracture expansion in these rocks. In shale, the reformed reservoir volume is the highest, fracture network is formed in the process of fracturing. In tight sandstone, the fracture surface boundaries are curved, and the fracture surface area accounts for 25–50% of the entire specimen. In shell limestone, the complexity of the fracture morphology is between shale and tight sandstone, but no fracture network is developed. Brittleness controls the fracture surface area. In highly brittle rocks, the fracture surface area is high. Fracture toughness mainly affects the initiation and propagation of cracks. A fracture network is formed only if bedding planes are present and are more weaker than their corresponding matrix. The horizontal in situ deviatoric stress affects the crack propagation direction, and different lithologies have different horizontal in situ deviatoric stress thresholds. Low f luid injection rate facilitates the formation of complex cracks, whereas high fluid injection rate favors the development of fractures. Fluid injection weakly controls the complexity of hydraulic fracturing in low-brittleness rocks, whereas lowviscosity fracturing fluids favor the formation of complex cracks owing to easy enter microcracks and micro-pore. Displacement has a greater impact on high brittle rocks than low brittle rocks.

关键词： shale limestone sandstone:hydraulic fracturing crack propagation rock mechanics

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Contact Angle Prediction Model for Underwater Oleophobic Surfaces Based on Multifractal Theory

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中国炼油与石油化工:英文版 2023年第3期25卷 37-48页

作者： Jiang Huayi You Yanzhen Hu Juan Tian Dongmei Qi Hongyuan Sun Nana Liu Mei College of Petroleum engineering Xi’an Shiyou UniversityXi’an 710065ShaanxiChina Shaanxi Key Laboratory of Advanced Stimulation technology for oil&Gas Reservoirs Xi’an Shiyou UniversityXi’an 710065ShaanxiChina The Second Gas production plant Changqing Oilfield CompanyYulin 719000ShaanxiChina

Traditional microstructure scale parameters have difficulty describing the structure and distribution of a roughmaterial’s surface morphology comprehensively and quantitatively. This study constructs hydrophilic and underwateroleophobic surfaces based on polyvinylidene fluoride (PVDF) using a chemical modification method, and the fractaldimension and multifractal spectrum are used to quantitatively characterize the microscopic morphology. A new contactangle prediction model for underwater oleophobic surfaces is established. The results show that the fractal dimension ofthe PVDF surface first increases and then decreases with the reaction time. The uniformity characterized by the multifractalspectrum was generally consistent with scanning electron microscope observations. The contact angle of water droplets onthe PVDF surface is negatively correlated with the fractal dimension, and oil droplets in water are positively *** the fractal dimension is 2.0975, the new contact angle prediction model has higher prediction accuracy. Themaximum and minimum relative deviations of the contact angle between the theoretical and measured data are 18.20%and 0.72%, respectively. For water ring transportation, the larger the fractal dimension and spectral width of the materialsurface, the smaller the absolute value of the spectral difference, the stronger the hydrophilic and oleophobic properties, andthe better the water ring transportation stability.

关键词： contact angle hydrophilic-oleophobic surface polyvinylidene fluoride multifractal prediction model

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