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Texture and Geochemistry of Multi-stage Hydrothermal Scheelite in the Mamupu Cu-Au-Mo(-W)Deposit,Eastern Tibet:Implications for Tungsten Mineralization in the Yulong Belt

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Acta Geologica Sinica(English Edition) 2024年第3期98卷 701-716页

作者： ZHANG Xiaoxu TANG Juxing LIN Bin WANG Qin HE Liang YAN Gang SHAO Rui WU Qiang DU Qiu ZHAXI Pingcuo Chengdu Center China Geological Survey(Geosciences Innovation Center of Southwest China)Chengdu 610081China MNR Key Laboratory of Metallogeny and Mineral Assessment Institute of Mineral ResourcesChinese Academy of Geological SciencesBeijing 100037China SinoProbe Laboratory Chinese Academy of Geological SciencesBeijing 100094China Earth Sciences College Chengdu University of TechnologyChengdu 610059China no.6 geological party Tibetan Bureau of Geology and Mineral Exploration and DevelopmentLhasa 851400China Tibet Shengyuan Mining Group Co. Ltd.Lhasa 851400China

Multistage tungsten mineralization was recently discovered in the Mamupu copper-polymetallic deposit in the southern Yulong porphyry copper belt(YPCB),Tibet.This study reports the results of cathodoluminescence,trace element and Sr isotope analyses of Mamupu scheelite samples,undertaken in order to better constrain the mechanism of W mineralization and the sources of the ore-forming fluids.Three different types of scheelite are identified in the Mamupu deposit:scheelite A(Sch A)mainly occurs in breccias during the prograde stage,scheelite B(Sch B)forms in the chlorite-epidote alteration zone in the retrograde stage,while scheelite C(Sch C)occurs in distal quartz sulfide veins.The extremely high Mo content and negative Eu anomaly in Sch A represent high oxygen fugacity in the prograde stage.Compared with ore-related porphyries,Sch A has a similar REE pattern,but with higher ΣREE,more depleted HREE and slightly lower(^(87)Sr/^(86)Sr)i ratios.These features suggest that Sch A is genetically related to ore-related porphyries,but extensive interaction with carbonate surrounding rocks affects the final REE and Sr isotopic composition.Sch B shows dark(Sch B-I)and light(Sch B-II)domains under CL imaging.From Sch B-I to Sch B-II,LREEs are gradually depleted,with MREEs being gradually enriched.Sch C has the highest LREE/HREE ratio,which indicates that it inherited the geochemical characteristics of fluids after the precipitation of HREE-rich minerals,such as diopside and garnet,in the early prograde stage.The Mo content in Sch B and Sch C gradually decreased,indicating that the oxygen fugacity of the fluids changed from oxidative in the early stages to reductive in the later,the turbulent Eu anomaly in Sch B and Sch C indicating that the Eu anomaly in the Mamupu scheelite is not solely controlled by oxygen fugacity.The extensive interaction of magmatic-hydrothermal fluids and carbonate provides the necessary Ca^(2+)for the precipitation of scheelite in the Mamupu deposit.

关键词： scheelite geochemistry Mamupu Cu deposit Yulong porphyry copper belt eastern Tibet

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Structural Control of the Getang Carlin-Type Gold Deposit in Southwest China

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Journal of Earth Science 2024年第2期35卷 536-552页

作者： Guoping Zeng Xinlu Hu Diwei Luo Jianzhong Liu Shuzhen Yao Yongjie Jin Wuhan Center China Geological SurveyWuhan430205China Central South China Innovation Center for Geosciences Wuhan430205China Faculty of Earth Resources China University of GeosciencesWuhan430074China geological party 105 Guizhou Bureau of Geology and Mineral Exploration&DevelopmentGuiyang550018China

The Getang is a representative Carlin-type gold deposit in Southwest China.It has a proven reserve of about 30 tonnes at an average grade of 5.1 g/t Au.The orebodies occur as strat-abound lenses,and are structurally controlled by shallow NWW-and NE-trending fold-fault systems and the unconformity between the Upper and Middle Permian.In this study,the regional-and deposit-scale structural investigations,joints and finite strain measurements,and stress and dynamic analysis were conducted with an aim to reveal the structural process of the Getang gold deposit and clarify the relationship between the gold mineralization and structures.Three phases of deformation were identified in the deposit:(1)paleokarst was generated by a crustal uplift when the Youjiang Basin experienced extension at the end of the Middle Permian,laying the foundation for the unconformity;(2)the NW-trending structures were formed under a NNE-SSW compression during the Indochina-South China collision(Indosinian orogeny)in Triassic;(3)the NE-trending structures were generated or reactivated under a NW-SE-oriented compression during the Yanshanian intracontinental orogeny.The unconformity recorded two episodes of tectonic evolution in the NNE-SSW and NW-SE directions.Structural analyses and geochronology data suggest that the Getang gold deposit was formed as a result of tectonic transition from compression to extension during the Yanshanian intracontinental orogeny.

关键词： Carlin-type gold deposit structural features finite strain Getang Southwest China economy geology geochemistry

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LA-ICP-MS zircon U-Pb dating of tuffites in the Sachakou Pb-Zn mining area, Karakorum, Xinjiang and its establishment of Early Triassic strata

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China Geology 2024年第1期7卷 150-152页

作者： Xiao-jian Zhao Nuo Li Kai Weng Ming Wang Qing-lin Sui Deng-hui Chen Zhou-ping Guo Meng-qi Jin Xi’an Center China Geological SurveyMinistry of Natural ResourcesXi’an 710054China Xinjiang Research Center for Mineral Resources Xinjiang Institute of Ecology and GeographyChinese Academy of SciencesUrumqi 830011China College of Geography and Remote Sensing Sciences Xinjiang UniversityUrumqi 830046China University of Chinese Academy of Sciences Beijing 100029China No.8 geological party Xinjiang Bureau of Geology and Mineral Exploration and DevelopmentAksu 843000China School of Resource&Environment and Safety Engineering University of South ChinaHengyang 421001China

1.Objective In the past decade,a group of medium to giant lead-zinc deposits,represented by Huoshaoyun,Sachakou,and Yuanbaoling,have been discovered in the Aksai Chin region of Karakoram,Xinjiang.They are all located in the Mesozoic carbonate and clastic rock formations.The Sachakou leadzinc mining area is adjacent to the northwest of the Huoshaoyun lead-zinc mining area and is in the same stratigraphic layer as Huoshaoyun.Although many scholars have been arguing about the type and age of Huoshaoyun lead-zinc mineralization,few scholars have paid attention to the classification of the ore-bearing strata in the area.The stratigraphy of the Lower Permian Shenxianwan Group to the Upper Cretaceous Tielongtan Group is exposed in the Sachakou area of Karakorum,Xinjiang,however,the Late Permian-Early Triassic stratigraphy is missing(Fig.1a).Due to the harsh natural conditions in the area and the low level of work,the stratigraphic delineation is not exhaustive,and the regional lithology is dominated by carbonates and clastic rocks,which makes it difficult to identify the age of the regional lithology and causes problems for the exploration and research of lead-zinc in the area.

关键词： strata Triassic Xinjiang

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Tourmaline geochemistry as genetic evolution and metallogenic potential indicators of pegmatites: a case study from the Tugeman Be-Li deposit， Middle Altun

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Journal of Earth Science 2024年

作者： Hang Li Xingwang Xu Tao Hong Qiang Ke Yince Ma Kai Kang Zhiquan Yang Changsheng Guo College of Architecture and Civil Engineering Sanming University Key Laboratory of Mineral Resources Institute of Geology and Geophysics Chinese Academy of Sciences University of Chinese Academy of Sciences Innovation Academy for Earth Science Chinese Academy of Sciences Guangdong Provincial Key Lab of Geodynamics and Geohazards School of Earth Sciences and Engineering Sun Yat-Sen University Southern Marine Science and Engineering Guangdong Laboratory (Zhuhai) No.3 geological party Xinjiang Bureau of Geology and Mineral Exploration and Development

Tourmaline is a common borosilicate mineral in granite and pegmatite， and it is also an important carrier to record the physicochemical evolution information of magmas. However， the genetic relationship between pegmatite-type rare metal mineralization potential and tourmaline-bearing pegmatites is not clear， and the tourmaline geochemical indication of the mineralization type of rare metals needs to be supplemented. In the middle Altun region， extensive tourmaline-bearing pegmatite dykes are prevalent within and surrounding the Tugeman complex. In this paper， the petrology and geochemical characteristics of tourmaline within the pegmatite of the Tugeman Be-Li deposit have been comprehensively analyzed. The research delves into the genetic evolution and metallogenic potential of the pegmatite， emphasizing the indicative role of tourmaline geochemistry in discerning mineralization types in the Tugeman Be-Li deposit. Major and trace element analysis of tourmaline reveals varying contents of FeO （9.37 wt.%–17.10 wt.%）， Al2O3（28.64 wt.%–35.22% wt.%）， and MgO （0.13 wt.%–2.47 wt.%） in the Tugeman Be–Li pegmatite. Li， Zn， and Sn contents range from 204 ppm to 1 590 ppm， 1 143 ppm to 4 089 ppm， and 74 ppm to 396 ppm， respectively. The tourmaline analyzed in this study is magmatic origin and belongs to schorl series， exhibits substitution relationships， including (Na， Fe2+)(X□， Al)-1， (Fe2+， Fe3+)（Mg， Al）-1， (Al，X□)(R2+， Na)-1，（Na， Mg）(X□， Al)-1andX□NaR2+-1. The trace element data of tourmaline show that lithium has four enrichment stages in different mineral crystallization phases. Notably， the tendency of tourmaline in the Tugeman Be-Li pegmatite to evolve towards elbaite implies a magmatic evolution sequence from low to high， transitioning through microcline-albite pegmatite， muscovite-microcline-albite pegmatite， albite pegmatite， and microcline pegmatite. Furthermore， we also propose that the Sc content in schorl can serve as an indicator of pegmatite mineralization type and the Tugeman Be-Li pegmatite has evolved to

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Geochronology,Geochemistry and Petrogenesis of the Bangbule Quartz Porphyry:Implications for Metallogenesis

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Acta Geologica Sinica(English Edition) 2023年第3期97卷 744-758页

作者： HE Chuankai WANG Yong WANG Haiyong TANG Juxing YAN Penggang WANG Yongqiang FU Xuelian FENG Yipeng College of Earth Sciences Chengdu University of TechnologyChengdu 610059China MNR Key Laboratory of Metallogeny and Mineral Assessment Institute of Mineral ResourcesCAGSBeijing 100037China no.6 geological party Tibet Bureau of Geology and Mineral Exploration and DevelopmentLhasa 851400China School of Earth Sciences and Resources China University of GeosciencesBeijing 100083China

The Bangbule skarn lead-zinc(Pb-Zn)deposit(>1 Mt Zn+Pb)is located in the western Nyainqentanglha polymetallic metallogenetic belt,central Tibet.Lenticular orebodies are all hosted in skarn and developed in the contact zone between the quartz porphyry and carbonate strata of the mid Paleozoic Middle to Upper Chaguoluoma Formation as well as in carbonate and sandstone beds of the Upper Paleozoic Laga Formation.As a newly discovered skarn deposit,the geological background and metallogenesis of this deposit remain poorly understood.Detailed petrological,geochemical and geochronological data of the ore-related quartz porphyry,helps constrain the mineralization age and contributes to discussion on the ore genesis of the Bangbule deposit.Both endoskarn and exoskarn are identified in the Bangbule deposit.From quartz porphyry to carbonate formation,the exoskarn is zoned from proximal garnet skarn to distal pyroxene skarn.Zircon U-Pb dating results show that the quartz porphyry formed at 73.9±0.8 Ma.Geochemical analysis results show that the quartz porphyry has high contents of SiO_(2)(71.40–74.94 wt%)and K_(2)O+Na_(2)O(3.76–8.46 wt%)with A/CNK values of 0.69 to 1.06.Besides,the quartz porphyry is enriched in large ion lithophile elements(LILEs)and light rare earth elements(LREEs)and have lowεNd(t)(from-8.25 to-8.19)and high initial(^(87)Sr/^(86)Sr)i values(0.713611–0.714478).Major,trace elements and whole-rock F concentration analysis results from the endoskarn samples show higher TFe_(2)O_(3),MgO,CaO,Pb+Zn,W,Sn,Mo and F etc.,and lower alkalis(K_(2)O,Na_(2)O,Sr and Ba)than those of fresh quartz porphyry,indicating that the early ore-forming fluids were an Ca-Fe-F-enriched fluid.Massive ore in the proximal skarn might be related to the high F content in the magma,which lowered the solidus temperature of the quartz porphyry magma and caused a lower temperature of the ore-forming fluids,as well as facilitating the precipitation of sphalerite and galena.Based on the geochemical characteristics presented in this study,we propo

关键词： petrogenesis quartz porphyry metallogenesis Bangbule skarn deposit Tibet

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Geochronology and Geochemistry of the Mamupu Cu-Au Polymetallic Deposit,Eastern Tibet:Implications for Eocene Cu Metallogenesis in the Yulong Porphyry Copper Belt

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Acta Geologica Sinica(English Edition) 2022年第4期96卷 1221-1236页

作者： ZHANG Xiaoxu LIN Bin TANG Juxing HE Liang LIU Zhibo WANG Qin SHAO Rui DU Qiu SILANG Wangdui CIREN Ouzhu GUSANG Quzhen CIDAN Zhongga School of Earth Science and Resources China University of GeosciencesBeijing 100083China MNR Key Laboratory of Metallogeny and Mineral Assessment Institute of Mineral ResourcesChinese Academy of Geological SciencesBeijing 100037China no.6 geological party Tibet Bureau of Geology and Mineral Exploration and DevelopmentLhasa 851400China College of Earth Sciences Chengdu University of TechnologyChengdu 610059China Tibet Shengyuan Mining Group Co. Ltd.Lhasa 851400China

The Mamupu skarn-type Cu-Au polymetallic deposit represents the first discovery of a medium deposit in the southern Yulong porphyry copper belt(YPCB),eastern Tibet.The Cu-Au mineralization mainly occurs as chalcopyrite in breccia,within the plate-like carbonate interlayer,being closely related to chloritization(e.g.,chlorite,magnetite and epidote)and skarnization(e.g.,diopside,tremolite and garnet).The ore-related quartz syenite porphyry(QSP)and granodiorite porphyry(GP)were emplaced at 40.1±0.2 Ma and 39.9±0.3 Ma,respectively.The QSP of Mamupu is an alkaline-rich intrusion,relatively enriched in LREE,LILE,depleted in HFSE,with no significant negative Eu and Ce anomalies,slightly high(^(87)Sr/^(86)Sr)i,lowε_(Nd)(t),uniform(^(206)Pb/^(204)Pb)i andε_(Hf)(t)values,which indicates that the porphyry magma may be caused by both the mixing of metasomatized EM II enriched mantle and thickened juvenile lower crust.The QSP in the Mamupu deposit shares a similar genesis of petrology to other ore-related porphyries within the YPCB.High oxygen fugacity and water content of the magmas are essential for the formation of porphyry and skarn Cu deposits.The QSP has similar high magmatic oxidation states and water content to the Yulong deposit,which indicates that the Mamupu has a high prospecting potential.Differences in the geological characteristics and scale of mineralization between the Mamupu and other YPCB deposits may be due to the different emplacement depths of ore-related intrusions,as well as differences in the surrounding rocks.

关键词： skarn Cu deposit geochronology geochemistry Mamupu Yulong porphyry copper belt Tibet

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A New Chronological Report of the Hongshi Breccia-Host Gold Deposit in the Western Qinling Region,China

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Acta Geologica Sinica(English Edition) 2017年第3期91卷 1149-1150页

作者： WANG Chenguang CAO Yi SUN Tao LI Weigang ZENG Hao School of Earth Science and Resources China University of Geosciences Zhaojin Mining Industry Co.Ltd The First Research Institute of geological Prospecting Gansu Geological Prospecting Bureau no.6 Gold geological party of CAPF

Objective The western Qinling belongs to the western part of the Qinling-Dabie-Sulu orogen between the North China Block and South China Block. Multiple orogenic events might be responsible for different types of gold mineralization, making the western Qinling gold region one of the most important gold metallogenic belts in China. This region has demonstrated a total gold resource of 〉500 t and more than ten gold deposits with gold resource of 〉20 t. Almost all gold deposits in the western Qinling gold region can be classified into two distinct genetic types as orogenic （such as the Shuangwang,

关键词： of is as Gold A New Chronological Report of the Hongshi Breccia-Host Gold Deposit in the Western Qinling Region,China in

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Integrated Reservoir Prediction and Oil-Gas Evaluation in the Maoshan Area

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Acta Geologica Sinica(English Edition) 2000年第3期74卷 697-700页

作者： HAO Peidong CUI Xiuqin no.6 Geophysical Prospecting party East China Petroleum BureauChina National Star Petroleum CorporationNanjing 210007

The Maoshan area is an area with well-developed igneous rocks and complex structures. The thickness of the reservoirs is generally small. The study of the reservoirs is based on seismic data, logging data and geological data. Using techniques and software such as Voxelgeo, BCI, RM, DFM and AP, the authors have made a comprehensive analysis of the lateral variation of reservoir parameters in the Upper Shazu bed of the third member of the Palaeogene Funing Formation, and compiled the thickness map of the Shazu bed. Also, with the data from ANN, BCI and the abstracting method for seismic characteristic parameters in combination with the structural factors, the authors have tried the multi-parameter and multi-method prediction of petroleum, delineated the potential oil and gas areas and proposed two well sites. The prediction of oil and gas for Well JB2 turns out to be quite successful.

关键词： integrated reservoir prediction oil and gas evaluation Maoshan area Northern Jiangsu basin

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Reservoir Forming Conditions and Models of Oil Sands in Northwestern Margin of Junggar Basin, China

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Journal of Earth Science 2022年

作者： Xiaoping Ma Xinguo Zhuang Yunlong He Jibin Zhou Meng Wang Baoqing Li Zhenlong Dai Xudong Fan Haihuai Sun Key Laboratory of Tectonics and Petroleum Resources China University of Geosciences No.1 geological party BGMRED of Xinjiang Turpan Jinyuan Mining & Metallurgy Co.LTD No.9 geological party BGMRED of Xinjiang Xinjiang Branch of Chinese Academy of Sciences

The northwestern margin of Junggar Basin is the region with the richest oil sand resources in China. For better understanding the enrichment rules and deployment of exploration and development of regional oil sand, it is of great scientific significance to study the accumulation conditions of oil sand in different strata and mining areas of the Junggar Basin. Through a large number of field investigations, drilling verification and sampling tests, it is found that the oil sands in the region covers an area of 2 000 km~2, with shallow and thick reservoir is, and predicted resource of 180 million tons.The oil sand resources are mainly distributed in four geological strata, namely the Middle Triassic Karamay Formation, Early Jurassic Badaowan Formation, Late Jurassic Qigu Formation, and Early Cretaceous Qingshuihe Formation. The reservoir is mainly composed of sandstone with high porosity and permeability, and the reservoir space is mainly intergranular pores with a medium average oil content. The oil sand deposit in the region is a typical destructive oil reservoir. The crude oil in the oil sand layer is degraded and thickened from the deep to the shallow, the content of saturated hydrocarbon is decreased, and the content of aromatic hydrocarbon, non-hydrocarbon and asphaltene is increased.The oil source comes from the deep Permian hydrocarbon-generating depression. Unconformities,faults and marginal fan delta-braided river depositional systems constitute effective migration and storage systems. Caprocks of the Upper Triassic Baijiantan Formation, Lower Jurassic Sangonghe Formation and Lower Cretaceous Hutubihe Formation were formed by three large scale lake transgressions.The Indosinian, Yanshan and Late Yanshan movements are the main driving forces for the migration of deep oil and gas to the shallow edge to form oil sand deposits. It is considered that the oil sands in the northwestern margin of Junggar Basin are slope complex migration type.

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The Geochemical Characteristics and Minerogenic Model for the Amo Hypothermal Tin Deposit in Ximeng County, Yunnan Province

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Acta Geologica Sinica(English Edition) 1991年第3期65卷 271-287页

作者： Zhao Daxian Tang Guangting The Fifth geological party, Yunnan Bureau of Geology and Mineral Resources, Simao,Yunnan Liu Linqun The Fifth geological party Yunnan Bureau of Geology and Mineral Resources Sirnao Yunnan

Through studies on the element geochemistry, alteration of country rocks, ore-forming fluids and isotopegeochemistry of the Arno tin deposit in the metamorphic rocks of the Upper Proterozoic Ximeng Group, theauthors consider that the concentration of the B-F-Li-Rb-Cs-Sn association is related to acidic magmatism inthe study area. The Fe-Mg-Li tourmaline in the ore is the replaced product of the country rocks byhypothermal fluid. The δ^(18)O values of mineral separates are +2.01- +13.16‰ and their δ^(34)S values, +2.6-+7.2‰. The ore-forming materials were derived from hydrothermal fluid of granitic magma. For themineralization, the temperature is 450°-350℃, the pressure, 450-1000×10~5 Pa, and the age, Himalayan(21.5 Ma). According to the geochemical characteristics, a minerogenic model is established: the deposit is ahypothermal cassiterite-quartz vein type tin deposit controlled by the hidden Himalayan granites.

关键词： The Geochemical Characteristics and Minerogenic Model for the Amo Hypothermal Tin Deposit in Ximeng County Yunnan Province

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