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Tight sandstone gas accumulation mechanisms and sweet spot prediction, Triassic Xujiahe Formation, Sichuan Basin, China

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Petroleum Science 2023年第6期20卷 3301-3310页

作者： Lin Jiang Wen Zhao Dong-Mei Bo Feng Hong Yan-Jie Gong Jia-Qing Hao Research institute of Petroleum exploration and Development PetroChinaBeijing100083China

The prediction of continental tight sandstone gas sweet spots is an obstacle during tight sandstone gas exploration. In this work, the classic physical fluid charging experimental equipment is improved, the combination of the gas migration and accumulation process with the pore network numerical simulation method is investigated, and application of the permeability/porosity ratio is proposed to predict the gas saturation and sweet spots of continental formations. The results show that (1) as the charging pressure increases, the permeability of the reservoir increases because more narrow pore throats are displaced in the percolation process;and (2) based on pore network numerical simulation and theoretical analysis, the natural gas migration and accumulation mechanisms are revealed. The gas saturation of tight sandstone rock is controlled by the gas charging pressure and dynamic percolation characteristics. (3) The ratio of permeability/porosity and fluid charging pressure is proposed to predict the gas saturation of the formation. The ratio is verified in a pilot and proven to be applicable and practical. This work highlights the tight sandstone gas migration and accumulation mechanisms and narrows the gap among microscale physical experiments, numerical simulation research, and field applications.

关键词： Tight sandstone gas Hydrocarbon migration and accumulation Physical experiment Numerical simulation

Weak Noether symmetry for a nonholonomic controllable mechanical system

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Chinese Physics B 2010年第9期19卷 89-93页

作者：夏丽莉山灵芳 Department of Physics Henan Institute of Education

This paper discusses the weak Noether symmetry for a nonholonomic controllable mechanical system of Chetaev type, and presents expressions of three kinds of conserved quantities obtained by using weak Noether symmetry... 详细信息

关键词： weak Noether symmetry conserved quantity nonholonomic controllable mechanical system

Einstein Probe discovery of EP240408a: A peculiar X-ray transient with an intermediate timescale

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Science China(Physics,Mechanics & Astronomy) 2025年第1期Mechanics & Astronomy) .卷 222-240页

作者： Wenda Zhang Weimin Yuan Zhixing Ling Yong Chen Nanda Rea Arne Rau Zhiming Cai Huaqing Cheng Francesco Coti Zelati Lixin Dai Jingwei Hu Shumei Jia Chichuan Jin Dongyue Li Paul O’Brien Rongfeng Shen Xinwen Shu Shengli Sun Xiaojin Sun Xiaofeng Wang Lei Yang Bing Zhang Chen Zhang Shuang-Nan Zhang Yonghe Zhang Jie An David Buckley Alexis Coleiro Bertrand Cordier Liming Dou Rob Eyles-Ferris Zhou Fan Hua Feng Shaoyu Fu Johan P.U.Fynbo Lluis Galbany Saurabh W.Jha Shuaiqing Jiang Albert Kong Erik Kuulkers Weihua Lei Wenxiong Li Bifang Liu Mingjun Liu Xing Liu Yuan Liu Zhu Liu Chandreyee Maitra Alessio Marino Itumeleng Monageng Kirpal Nandra Jeremy Sanders Roberto Soria Lian Tao Junfeng Wang Song Wang Tinggui Wang Zhongxiang Wang Qingwen Wu Xuefeng Wu Dong Xu Yanjun Xu Suijian Xue Yongquan Xue Zijian Zhang Zipei Zhu Hu Zou Congying Bao Fansheng Chen Houlei Chen Tianxiang Chen Wei Chen Yehai Chen Yifan Chen Chenzhou Cui Weiwei Cui Yanfeng Dai Dongwei Fan Ju Guan Dawei Han Dongjie Hou Haibo Hu Maohai Huang Jia Huo Zhenqing Jia Bowen Jiang Ge Jin Chengkui Li Junfei Li Longhui Li Maoshun Li Wei Li Zhengda Li Tianying Lian Congzhan Liu Heyang Liu Huaqiu Liu Fangjun Lu Laidan Luo Jia Ma Xuan Mao Haiwu Pan Xin Pan Liming Song Hui Sun Yunyin Tan Qingjun Tang Yihan Tao Hao Wang Juan Wang Lei Wang Wenxin Wang Yilong Wang Yusa Wang Qinyu Wu Haitao Xu Jingjing Xu Xinpeng Xu Yunfei Xu Zhao Xu Changbin Xue Yulong Xue Ailiang Yan Haonan Yang Xiongtao Yang Yanji Yang Juan Zhang Mo Zhang Wenjie Zhang Zhen Zhang Zhen Zhang Ziliang Zhang Donghua Zhao Haisheng Zhao Xiaofan Zhao Zijian Zhao Hongyan Zhou Yilin Zhou Yuxuan Zhu Zhencai Zhu National Astronomical Observatories Chinese Academy of Sciences School of Astronomy and Space Sciences University of Chinese Academy of Sciences Key Laboratory of Particle Astrophysics institute of High Energy Physics Chinese Academy of Sciences institute of Space Sciences (ICE) CSIC Institut d’Estudis Espacials de Catalunya (IEEC) Max Planck institute for Extraterrestrial Physics Innovation Academy for Microsatellites Chinese Academy of Sciences Department of Physics University of Hong Kong School of Physics and Astronomy University of Leicester School of Physics and Astronomy Sun Yat-sen University Department of Physics Anhui Normal University Shanghai institute of Technical Physics Chinese Academy of Sciences Physics Department Tsinghua University Nevada Center for Astrophysics University of Nevada Las Vegas Department of Physics and Astronomy University of Nevada Las Vegas South African Astronomical Observatory Department of Astronomy University of Cape Town Department of Physics University of the Free State Université Paris Cité CNRS Astroparticule et Cosmologie Université Paris Cité CEA Paris-Saclay IRFU/DAp-AIM Department of Astronomy Guangzhou University Cosmic Dawn Center (DAWN) Niels Bohr institute University of Copenhagen Department of Physics and Astronomy Rutgers the State University of New Jersey institute for Cosmic Ray Research The University of Tokyo ESA/ESTEC Department of Astronomy School of Physics Huazhong University of Science and Technology INAF-Osservatorio Astrofisico di Torino Sydney institute for Astronomy School of Physics The University of Sydney Department of Astronomy Xiamen University institute for Frontiers in Astronomy and Astrophysics Beijing Normal University Department of Astronomy University of Science and Technology School of Astronomy and Space Sciences University of Science and Technology of China institute of Deep Space Sciences Deep Space exploration Laboratory Department of Astronomy School of Physics and Astronomy Yunnan University Shanghai Astronomical Observatory Chi

We report the discovery of a peculiar X-ray transient,EP240408a,by Einstein Probe （EP） and follow-up studies made with EP,Swift,NICER,GROND,ATCA and other ground-based multiwavelength *** new transient was first detected with Wide-field X-ray Telescope （WXT） on board EP on April 8th,2024,manifested in an intense yet brief X-ray flare lasting for *** flare reached a peak flux of 3.9×10-9erg cm-2s-1in 0.5-4 ke V,～300 times brighter than the underlying X-ray emission detected throughout the *** and more precise follow-up observations by EP/FXT,Swift and NICER confirmed the finding of this new *** X-ray spectrum is non-thermal in 0.5-10 ke V,with a power-law photon index varying *** X-ray light curve shows a plateau lasting for ～4 d,followed by a steep decay till becoming undetectable ～10 d after the initial *** on its temporal property and constraints from previous EP observations,an unusual timescale in the range of 7-23 d is found for EP240408a,which is intermediate between the commonly found fast and long-term *** counterparts have been found in optical and near-infrared,with the earliest observation at 17 h after the initial X-ray detection,suggestive of intrinsically weak emission in these *** demonstrate that the remarkable properties of EP240408a are inconsistent with any of the transient types known so far,by comparison with,in particular,jetted tidal disruption events,gamma-ray bursts,X-ray binaries and fast blue optical *** nature of EP240408a thus remains an *** suggest that EP240408a may represent a new type of transients with intermediate timescales of the order of～10 *** detection and follow-ups of more of such objects are essential for revealing their origin.

关键词： X-ray transients ${\bm~{Einstein~~Probe}}$

“Exploring petroleum inside source kitchen”: Shale oil and gas in Sichuan Basin

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Science China Earth Sciences 2020年第7期63卷 934-953页

作者： Caineng ZOU Zhi YANG Shasha SUN Qun ZHAO Wenhua BAI Honglin LIU Songqi PAN Songtao WU Yilin YUAN PetroChina Research institute of Petroleum exploration and Development Beijing 100083China

The Sichuan Basin is rich in shale oil and gas resources,with favorable geological conditions that the other shale reservoirs in China cannot ***,the basin is an ideal option for fully"exploring petroleum inside source kitchen"with respect to onshore shale oil and gas in *** paper analyzes the characteristics of shale oil and gas resources in the United States and China,and points out that maturity plays an important role in controlling shale oil and gas *** shale oil and gas exhibit high proportions of light hydrocarbon and wet gas,whereas Chinese marine and transitional shale gas is mainly dry gas and continental shale oil is generally heavy.A comprehensive geological study of shale oil and gas in the Sichuan Basin reveals findings with respect to the following three ***,there are multiple sets of organic-rich shale reservoirs of three types in the basin,such as the Cambrian Qiongzhusi Formation and Ordovician Wufeng Formation-Silurian Longmaxi Formation marine shale,Permian Longtan Formation transitional shale,Triassic Xujiahe Formation lake-swamp shale,and Jurassic lacustrine *** shale gas enrichment is mainly controlled by four elements:Deep-water shelf facies,moderate thermal evolution,calcium-rich and silicon-rich rock association,and closed roof/***,the"sweet section"is generally characterized by high total organic carbon,high gas content,large porosity,high brittle minerals content,high formation pressure,and the presence of lamellation/bedding and natural ***,the"sweet area"is generally characterized by very thick organic-rich shale,moderate thermal evolution,good preservation conditions,and shallow burial depth,which are exemplified by the shale oil and gas in the Wufeng-Longmaxi Formation,Longtan Formation,and Daanzhai Member of the Ziliujing ***,the marine,transitional,and continental shale oil and gas resources in the Sichuan Basin account for 50%,25%,and 30%of the res

关键词： Shale oil Shale gas Marine facies Continental facies Transitional facies Resource potential Sweet area Sweet section Source rock oil and gas Shale oil and gas revolution "Sichuan-Chongqing Daqing-Gas"

Ground-State Structure and Physical Properties of NB_2 Predicted from First Principles

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Chinese Physics Letters 2016年第3期33卷 78-81页

作者：吴旌贺刘长欣 Department of Physics Henan Institute of Education

Using the newly developed particle swarm optimization algorithm on crystal structural prediction, we predict a new class of boron nitride with stoicMometry of NB2 at ambient pressure, which belongs to the tetragonal 14m2 space group. Then, its structure, elastic properties, electronic structure, and chemical bonding are investigated by first-principles calculations with the density functional theory. The phonon calculation and elastic constants confirm that the predicted NB2 is dynamically and mechanically stable, respectively. The large bulk modulus, large shear modulus, large Young＇s modulus, and small Poisson＇s ratio show that the 14m2 NB2 should be a new superhard material with a calculated theoretical Vickers hardness value of 66 GPa. Further analysis on density of states and electron localization function demonstrate that the strong B B and 13 N covalent bonds are the main reason for its high hardness in 14m2 NB2.

关键词： NB is in of Ground-State Structure and Physical Properties of NB2 Predicted from First Principles from

A method to interpret fracture aperture of rock slope using adaptive shape and unmanned aerial vehicle multi-angle nap-of-the-object photogrammetry

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Journal of Rock Mechanics and geotechnical Engineering 2024年第3期16卷 924-941页

作者： Mingyu Zhao Shengyuan Song Fengyan Wang Chun Zhu Dianze Liu Sicong Wang College of Construction Engineering Jilin UniversityChangchun130026China College of geo-exploration Science and Technology Jilin UniversityChangchun130026China institute of Engineering geology and geohazards Hohai UniversityNanjing210098China

The aperture of natural rock fractures significantly affects the deformation and strength properties of rock masses,as well as the hydrodynamic properties of fractured rock *** conventional measurement methods are inadequate for collecting data on high-steep rock slopes in complex mountainous *** study establishes a high-resolution three-dimensional model of a rock slope using unmanned aerial vehicle(UAV)multi-angle nap-of-the-object photogrammetry to obtain edge feature points of *** opening morphology is characterized using coordinate projection and *** central axis is determined using vertical measuring lines,allowing for the interpretation of aperture of adaptive fracture *** feasibility and reliability of the new method are verified at a construction site of a railway in southeast Tibet,*** study shows that the fracture aperture has a significant interval effect and size *** optimal sampling length for fractures is approximately 0.5e1 m,and the optimal aperture interpretation results can be achieved when the measuring line spacing is 1%of the sampling *** fractures in the study area generally have larger apertures than shear fractures,and their tendency to increase with slope height is also greater than that of shear *** aperture of tensile fractures is generally positively correlated with their trace length,while the correlation between the aperture of shear fractures and their trace length appears to be *** of different orientations exhibit certain differences in their distribution of aperture,but generally follow the forms of normal,log-normal,and gamma *** study provides essential data support for rock and slope stability evaluation,which is of significant practical importance.

关键词： Unmanned aerial vehicle(UAV) photogrammetry High-steep rock slope Fracture aperture Interval effect Size effect Parameter interpretation

Microscopic oil occurrence in high-maturity lacustrine shales:Qingshankou Formation,Gulong Sag,Songliao Basin

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Petroleum Science 2023年第5期20卷 2726-2746页

作者： Jing-Ya Zhang Ru-Kai Zhu Song-Tao Wu Xiao-Hua Jiang Chang Liu Yi Cai Su-Rong Zhang Tian-Shu Zhang Research institute of Petroleum exploration and Development PetroChinaBeijing100083China

Occurrence and mobility of shale oil are prerequisites for evaluating shale oil reserves and prioritizing exploration targets,particularly for heterogeneous lacustrine *** Qingshankou Formation in the Gulong Sag,Songliao Basin is a classic lacustrine pure shale reservoir that contains abundant shale oil *** predicted geological reserves of the shale are 1.268×10^(9) *** this study,field emission scanning electron microscope(FE-SEM),the modular automated processing system(MAPS),pyrolysisgas chromatography(Py-GC),low-pressure nitrogen gas adsorption(LPNA),Soxhlet extraction,pyrolysis,and 2-D nuclear magnetic resonance(NMR)were integrated to describe the shale oil components,microscopic occurrence,mobility,and the effective pore size ***,the related controlling factors are *** shale oil in the Qingshankou Fm exists dominantly in the matrix pores of the clay minerals,with small amounts distributed in the intergranular pores of terrigenous clastic grains,intercrystalline pores of pyrite,intragranular pores of ostracod shells,and *** oil is distributed in the pore spaces of variable sizes in different *** clay mineral-laminated shales are characterized by the broadest range of pore size and largest volume of pore spaces with shale oil distribution,while the ostracod-laminated shales have limited pore spaces retaining ***,the proposed integrated analysis evaluates the shale oil molecules existing in two states:movable,and adsorbed oil,*** result illustrates that movable oil takes up 30.6%e79.4%of the total residual ***,mineral composition,and pore structures of the shale joint together to control the states and mobility of the shale *** values are positively correlated with the quantities of shale oil regardless of the state of *** mineral components significantly impact the state of shale *** differences in the states of oil were observed following

关键词： Shale oil content Occurrence states Micro-oil distribution Effective pore spaces Controlling factors Gulong sag

Constraints on holographic QCD phase transitions from PTA observations

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Science China(Physics,Mechanics & Astronomy) 2025年第1期Mechanics & Astronomy) .卷 71-78页

作者： Song He Li Li Sai Wang Shao-Jiang Wang Center for Theoretical Physics and College of Physics Jilin University School of Physical Science and Technology Ningbo University Max Planck institute for Gravitational Physics (Albert Einstein institute) CAS Key Laboratory of Theoretical Physics Institute of Theoretical Physics Chinese Academy of Sciences School of Fundamental Physics and Mathematical Sciences Hangzhou Institute for Advanced StudyUniversity of Chinese Academy of Sciences (UCAS) School of Physical Sciences University of Chinese Academy of Sciences (UCAS) Theoretical Physics Division Institute of High Energy Physics Chinese Academy of Sciences

The underlying physics of QCD phase transition in the early Universe remains largely unknown due to its strong-coupling nature during the quark-gluon plasma/hadron gas transition, yet a holographic model has been proposed to quantitatively fit the lattice QCD data while with its duration of the first-order phase transition(FoPT) left undetermined. At specific baryon chemical potential, the first-order QCD phase transition agrees with the observational constraint of baryon asymmetry. It, therefore, provides a scenario for phase transition gravitational waves(GWs) within the standard model of particle physics. If these background GWs could contribute dominantly to the recently claimed common-spectrum red noise from pulsar timing array(PTA) observations, the duration of this FoPT can be well constrained, and the associated primordial black holes are still allowed by current observations.

关键词： pulsar timing array QCD phase transition gravitational waves primordial black holes

Coalbed methane reservoir boundaries and sealing mechanism

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Chinese Science Bulletin 2005年第S1期50卷 130-134页

作者： SU Xianbo LIN Xiaoying LIU Shaobo SONG Yan henan Polytechnic University Jiaozuo 454000China Research institute of Petroleum exploration and Development Petro-ChinaBeijing 10083China

It is important to investigate the coalbed methane reservoir boundaries for the classification, exploration, and development of the coalbed methane reservoir. Based on the investigation of the typical coalbed methane reservoirs in the world, the boundaries can be divided into four types: hydrodynamic boundary, air altered boundary, permeability boundary, and fault boundary. Hydrodynamic and air altered boundaries are ubiquitous boundaries for every coalbed methane reservoir. The four types of the fault sealing mechanism in the petroleum geological investigation (diagen- esis, clay smear, juxtaposition and cataclasis) are applied to the fault boundary of the coalbed methane reservoir. The sealing mechanism of the open fault boundary is the same with that of the hydrodynamic sealing boundary. The sealing mechanism of the permeability boundary is firstly classified into capillary pressure sealing and hydrocarbon concentration sealing. There are different controlling boundaries in coalbed methane reservoirs that are in different geological backgrounds. Therefore, the coalbed methane reservoir is diversiform.

关键词： coal bed methane reservoir boundary sealing mechanism hydrodynamic sealing fault boundary permeability sealing capillary pressure.