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Analysis of erosion rill development under rainfall events using structure-from-motion photogrammetry——a case study from Kielce(Holy Cross Mts.,Poland)

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Journal of Mountain Science 2022年第5期19卷 1231-1244页

作者： Piotr Tomasz KOPYSC Jan Kochanowski University Institute of Geography and Environmental SciencesUniwersytecka 725-406 KielcePoland

The development of erosive landforms such as rills,ditches,slits,and gullies depends on many environmental factors;thus,the rate of the development of each individual form *** this paper,the author presents a case study of two erosion rills located on a hiking trails(Holy Cross Mts.)resulting after 2 years of monitoring in which the process of their evolution was precisely *** established,such landforms develop over time with variable rates and can represent multiple different ***,the final result of the rill development hardly reminds their original form and does not allow for interpretation of the events that affected it in the recent ***,the main objective was to determine the volumetric changes of erosion rills created by the surface runoff on both sections,during two years of *** objectives included a description of the physical and meteorological parameters,important in the development process and a comparison of them to the volumetric changes of each *** the Structure-from-motion(Sf M)photogrammetry technique,monitoring procedures have been performed quickly offering sufficient *** direct comparison,the digital elevation model of difference(Do D)method was used,enabling the calculation of *** results showed that the erosion to deposition ratio was more disproportionate during storm events or periods with higher depth of *** erosion to deposition balance for the entire monitoring period was negative and equal to 1448.84 kg or 410 Mg/ha for the first erosion rill and 1059.5 kg or 300 Mg/ha for the second *** erosion rills developed *** first erosion rill developed by linear cut into deeper and wider form,while the other,steeper rill,evolved from plunge pools merging together into deeper and wider form.

关键词： Erosion SfM DoD Rainfall Microtopography

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Seeing the wood for the trees:hyperspectral imaging for high throughput QTL detection in raspberry,a perennial crop species

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Fruit Research 2021年第1期1卷 57-67页

作者： Dominic Williams Christine A.Hackett Alison Karley Susan McCallum Kay Smith Avril Britten Julie Graham James Hutton Institute Errol RoadDundee DD25DAUK Biomathematics and Statistics Scotland InvergowrieDundee DD25DAUK James Hutton Limited Errol RoadDundee DD25DAUK

Physiological and physical traits are excellent indicators of many crop characteristics,but precise phenotyping of these traits is time consuming and,therefore,limits progress in crop breeding and the speed of crop *** imaging offers an opportunity to overcome these barriers as a technique for high throughput field *** a recently developed hyperspectral imaging platform devised for plantations of the perennial crop raspberry,this study aimed to further develop the tool and test its capacity as an innovative approach for high throughput field phenotyping,data collection and *** imaging and visual crop assessments were carried out over two growing seasons in a field-grown raspberry mapping population,and data were subject to Quantitative Trait Loci(QTL)*** findings show that reflectance intensity at multiple wavelengths can be linked to known genetic markers in raspberry,and many of these‘spectral traits'are expressed consistently through the growing season and between years,for example spectral ratio 719 nm/691 nm shows up consistently as a QTL on *** traits were identified that co-located with previously mapped physical traits,such as 719 nm/691 nm and cane *** study indicates that hyperspectral imaging can be used as an innovative approach for high throughput field phenotyping of raspberry and could be transferred readily to other perennial *** approach provides a pipeline for automated field data collection and analysis that can be used for rapid QTL detection of spectral traits.

关键词： breeding consuming overcome

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Does a Gravitational Aberration Contribute to the Accelerated Expansion of the Universe?

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Communications in Computational Physics 2009年第5期5卷 1030-1044页

作者： Michal Krizek Institute of Mathematics Academy of SciencesZitna 25CZ-11567 Prague 1Czech Republic

An arbitrarily small positive value of the gravitational aberration slightly increases the angular momentum of a two-body and multiple body *** could potentially contribute to the accelerated expansion of the whole *** present some geometrical,physical,geophysical,heliophysical,climatological,cosmological,and astronomical observational arguments,and also numerical tests to support this *** found a remarkable coincidence between the Hubble constant and the increasing distance of the Moon from the Earth,that is not only due to tidal *** examples illustrating the expansion caused by the gravitational aberration are *** will be modeled by a nonautonomous system of ordinary differential equations with delay.

关键词： Hubble constant causality gravitation Earth Moon Mars Runge-Kutta method

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Genotype 3-hepatitis C virus’last line of defense

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World Journal of Gastroenterology 2021年第11期27卷 1006-1021页

作者： Dorota Zarębska-Michaluk Department of Infectious Diseases Jan Kochanowski UniversityKielce 25-369ŚwiętokrzyskiePoland

Chronic infection with hepatitis C virus(HCV)is one of the leading causes of liver disease globally,affecting approximately 71 million *** majority of them are infected with genotype(GT)1 but infections with GT3 are second in *** many years,GT3 was considered to be less pathogenic compared to other GTs in the HCV family due to its favorable response to interferon(IFN)-based ***,the growing evidence of a higher rate of steatosis,more rapid progression of liver fibrosis,and lower efficacy of antiviral treatment compared to infection with other HCV GTs has changed this *** review presents the specifics of the course of GT3 infection and the development of therapeutic options for GT3-infected patients in the era of direct-acting antivirals(DAA).The way from a standard of care therapy with pegylated IFNalpha(pegIFNα)and ribavirin(RBV)through a triple combination of pegIFNα+RBV and DAA to the highly potent IFN-free pangenotypic DAA regimens is discussed along with some treatment options which appeared to be dead *** the implementation of highly effective pangenotypic regimens is the most recent stage of revolution in the treatment of GT3 infection,there is still room for improvement,especially in patients with liver cirrhosis and those who fail to respond to DAA therapies,particularly those containing inhibitors of HCV nonstructural protein 5A.

关键词： Hepatitis C virus Genotype 3 Antiviral treatment Interferon Direct-acting antivirals Pangenotypic

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Crystal plasticity finite element simulations on extruded Mg-10Gd rod with texture gradient

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Journal of Magnesium and Alloys 2024年第8期12卷 3409-3430页

作者： Jaeseong Lee Dirk Steglich Youngung Jeong Department of Materials Convergence and System Engineering Changwon National University25 Changwondaehak-roChangwonRepublic of Korea Helmholtz-Zentrum Hereon Institute of Material Systems ModelingD-21502 GeesthachtGermany School of Materials Science and Engineering Changwon National University25 Changwondaehak-roChangwonRepublic of Korea

The mechanical properties of an extruded Mg-10Gd sample, specifically designed for vascular stents, are crucial for predicting its behavior under service conditions. Achieving homogeneous stresses in the hoop direction, essential for characterizing vascular stents, poses challenges in experimental testing based on standard specimens featuring a reduced cross section. This study utilizes an elasto-visco-plastic self-consistent polycrystal model(ΔEVPSC) with the predominant twinning reorientation(PTR) scheme as a numerical tool, offering an alternative to mechanical testing. For verification, various mechanical experiments, such as uniaxial tension, compression, notched-bar tension, three-point bending, and C-ring compression tests, were conducted. The resulting force vs. displacement curves and textures were then compared with those based on the ΔEVPSC model. The computational model's significance is highlighted by simulation results demonstrating that the differential hardening along with a weak strength differential effect observed in the Mg-10Gd sample is a result of the interplay between micromechanical deformation mechanisms and deformation-induced texture evolution. Furthermore, the study highlights that incorporating the axisymmetric texture from the as-received material incorporating the measured texture gradient significantly improves predictive accuracy on the strength in the hoop direction. Ultimately, the findings suggest that the ΔEVPSC model can effectively predict the mechanical behavior resulting from loading scenarios that are impossible to realize experimentally, emphasizing its valuable contribution as a digital twin.

关键词： Crystal plasticity Texture Finite element C-ring Three-point bending

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Occurrence of organochlorine pollutants in the eggs and dropping-amended soil of Antarctic large animals and its ecological significance

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Science China Earth Sciences 2007年第7期50卷 1086-1096页

作者： Vetter WALTER Friedrich-Schiller-Universitt Jena Lehrbereich LebensmittelchemieDornburger Str. 25D-07743 JenaGermany

Persistent organochlorine pollutants (POPs) are analyzed for the dropping-amended soils from the habitats of Antarctic seabirds and seals in Fildes Peninsula and Ardley Island. The concentration ranges are 0.21 to 3.85 ng/g for polychlorinated biphenyls (ΣPCBs),0.09 to 2.01 ng/g for organochlorine pesticides (ΣDDT),and 0.06 to 0.76 ng/g for hexachlorocyclohexanes (HCHs). Among these,hepata-chlorobiphenyls,hexachlorobiphenyls,p,p′-DDE and α-HCH compounds are dominant. The concentra-tion ranges of ΣPCB,DDT and HCH in the eggs of skuas were 91.9―515.5 ng/g,56.6―304.4 ng/g and 0.5―2.0 ng/g respectively; those in the eggs of penguins were 0.4―0.9 ng/g,2.4―10.3 ng/g and 0.1― 0.4 ng/g; and those in the eggs of giant petrel were 38.1―81.7 ng/g,12.7―53.7 ng/g and 0.5―1.5 ng/g respectively. The dominant POP compounds in the eggs are PCB180,PCB153,p,p′-DDE and hexa-chlorobenzene (HCB). The present study shows that the concentration of POPs in the sea-bird-inhabited-dropping-amended soil varies with the extent of predation and nest occupancy of dif-ferent seabird populations. Statistical analysis on the POP concentrations from the different seabird eggs implies that the difference in the bio-concentration levels of the birds depends on the bio-habits of the species,such as the range of activity,distance of immigration,feeding pattern,and nest occupation. Among these,the most important factor is the location of the seabirds in the food chain and their feeding pattern. This shows that POPs accumulated in the seabirds resulted from the bio-concentration through the food chain. In addtion,210Pb dating for the dropping-amended soils (AD1-a and AD2) was performed,which provided the POP accumulation rate and the historic record for the soil profile. It indicates that POP will continuously affect the Antarctic ecosystem for a long time.

关键词： persistent organochlorine pollutant animal habitats dropping-amended soil seabird egg Antarctica

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Robust and fault-tolerant spacecraft attitude control based on an extended-observer design

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Control Theory and Technology 2022年第3期20卷 323-337页

作者： Alessandro Giuseppi Francesco Delli Priscoli Antonio Pietrabissa Department of Computer Control and Management EngineeringLa SapienzaUniversity of RomeVia Ariosto 25Rome00185Italy

The aim of this work is to develop a robust control strategy able to drive the attitude of a spacecraft to a reference value,despite the presence of unknown but bounded uncertainties in the system parameters and external *** to the use of an extended observer design,the proposed control law is robust against all the uncertainties that affect the high-frequency gain matrix,which is shown to capture a broad spectrum of modelling issues,some of which are often neglected by traditional *** proposed controller then provides robustness against parametric uncertainties,as moment of inertia estimation,payload deformations,actuator faults and external disturbances,while maintaining its asymptotic properties.

关键词： Extended observer Spacecraft control Attitude stabilization

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NUMERICAL CHARACTERIZATION OF CURRENT-INDUCED CHANGES IN SURFACE MORPHOLOGY OF THIN Ag FILMS

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Acta Metallurgica Sinica(English Letters) 2003年第4期16卷 249-255页

作者： A.V.Parian H.G.Chun A.R.Shuourov S.V.Panin N.V.Pykhtin InstituteofStrengthPhysicsandMaterialsScienceSBRAS TomskRussia ReMM SchoolofMaterialsScienceandEngineeringUniversityofUlsanUlsanKorea TomskPolytechnicalUniversity TomskRussiaManuscriptreceived25November2002

The changes in surface topography of thin conducting Ag films under high-density current condition are studied by optical and scanning tunnelling microscopy (STM). It is established that the loss of conductivity in specimens occurs through depletion of the material due to their overheating and electromigration process. It has been shown that the r.m.s. roughness, the fractal dimension of voids and the fractal dimension of the surface allow complete numerical characterization of surface topography changes in thin Ag films.

关键词： STM thin Ag films surface roughness fractal dimension

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Applicability of alginate-based composite microspheres loaded with aqueous extract of Stevia rebaudiana Bertoni leaves in food and pharmaceutical products

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Food Bioscience 2022年第6期50卷 280-290页

作者： Sara Kolar Slaven Jurić Marijan Marijan Kristina Vlahoviček-Kahlina Marko Vinceković Department of Chemistry University of Zagreb Faculty of AgricultureSvetošimunska 2510000ZagrebCroatia

To preserve its favorable health and nutritional qualities under processing conditions and oral ingestion,Stevia rebaudiana Bertoni leaf aqueous extract was encapsulated in composite microspheres based on calcium *** addition of other biopolymers to alginate(ALG)(xanthan gum(XG),casein(CA))influenced molecular interactions(mainly hydrogen bonding and electrostatic interactions)between microsphere constituents causing the change in microsphere structure and thus physicochemical properties(encapsulation effectiveness and capacity,surface morphology,swelling,stability)as well as the release of total polyphenols(TPC)in distilled water,NaCl solutions and in simulated gastrointestinal *** extent of crosslinking of calcium alginate was altered by blending with XG,CA,or XG+CA,but this did not affect the control mechanism of TPC release detected as *** revealed the unsuitability of calcium alginate microspheres for implementation in food products with high water content,while composite microspheres showed desired reduction in TPC *** best performance(the slowest release and the amount released)for implementation in functional food products containing NaCl exhibited composite microspheres with ALG+XG+*** desired prevention of microsphere degradation in simulated gastro fluids was achieved with ALG+XG+CA microspheres,while in simulated intestinal fluids all microspheres were decomposed and completely released TPC.

关键词： Calcium alginate Composite hydrogels Encapsulation Polyphenols Stevia rebaudiana Bertoni leaves

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INFLUENCES OF DENSITY AND DIMENSION OF CARBON NANOTUBES ON THEIR FIELD EMISSION

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Acta Metallurgica Sinica(English Letters) 2003年第4期16卷 302-308页

作者： Y.B.Zhu W.L.Wang C.G.Hu DepartmentofPhysics JiangsuNormalUniversitySuzhou221009ChinaManuscriptreceived25November2002 DepartmentofAppliedPhysics ChongqingUniversityChongqing400044China

The influences of density and dimension of carbon nanotubes on their electron emission from arrays are studied. The tip electric field of nanotubes, electric field enhancement factor, and optimum nanotube density are expressed by analytic equations. The theoretical analyses show that the field enhancement factor is sensitive to nanotube density, and can be sharply improved at a specific and optimum density. Some experiments have demonstrated these. Owning to electrostatic screening effect, the length of carbon nanotubes has little effect on their emission. A uniformly-distributed carbon nanotube array model is set up, and applied to analysis of carbon nanotube arrays. The results obtained here are in good agreement with the experimental data.

关键词： carbon nanotube array field emission optimum density

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