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BLEND MEMBRANES FOR DIRECT METHANOL AND PROTON EXCHANGE MEMBRANE FUEL CELLS

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Chinese Journal of Polymer Science 2012年第4期30卷 548-560页

作者： Perumal Bhavani Dharmalingam Sangeetha Department of Chemistry Anna UniversityChennai 25India

Sulphonated polystyrene ethylene butylene polystyrene （SPSEBS） prepared with 35% sulphonation was found to be highly elastic and enlarged up to 300%-400% of its initial length. It absorbed over 110% of water by weight. A major drawback of this membrane is its poor mechanical properties which are not adequate for use as polymer electrolytes in fuel cells. To overcome this, SPSEBS was blended with poly（vinylidene fluoride）（PVDF）, a hydrophobic polymer. The blend membranes showed better mechanical properties than the base polymer. The effect of PVDF content on water uptake, ion exchange capacity and proton conductivity of the blend membranes was investigated. This paper presents the results of recent studies applied to develop an optimized in-house membrane electrode assembly （MEA） preparation technique combining catalyst ink spraying and assembly hot pressing. Easy steps were chosen in this preparation technique in order to simplify the method, aiming at cost reduction. The open circuit voltage for the cell with SPSEBS is 0.980 V which is higher compared to that of the cell with Nation 117 （0.790 V）. From this study, it is concluded that a polymer electrolyte membrane suitable for proton exchange membrane fuel cell （PEMFC） and direct methanol fuel cell （DMFC） application can be obtained by blending SPSEBS and PVDF in appropriate proportions. The methanol permeability and selectivity showed a strong influence on DMFC performance.

关键词： Fuel cell Impedance Polymer blend Proton conductivity.

Titanium dioxide-graphene composite electrochemical sensor for detection of hexavalent chromium

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International Journal of Minerals,Metallurgy and Materials 2022年第3期29卷 529-535页

作者： Natpichan Pienutsa Krittamet Yannawibut Jetthana Phattharaphongmanee Oukrit Thonganantakul Sira Srinives Nanocomposite Engineering Laboratory(NanoCEN) Department of Chemical EngineeringFaculty of EngineeringMahidol University25/25 PuttamonthonNakhon Pathom73170Thailand

Hexavalent chromium(Cr(VI))compound is useful to various industries but is toxic and *** this research work,we fab-ricate an amperometric sensor for the determination of Cr(VI),using a titanium dioxide(TiO2)-reduced graphene oxide(rGO)composite as the sensing *** composite was synthesized following sol−gel chemistry,yielding TiO2 nanoparticles of~50 nm in size,immobilized on chemically exfoliated rGO *** composite was employed in a 3-electrode electrochemical cell and operated in an amperometric mode,exhibiting good responses to the 50 to 500 ppb Cr(VI).Our best result from pH 3 Mcilvane’s buffer medium reveals the sensitivity of 9.12×10−4 ppb−1 and a detection limit of 6 ppb with no signal interference from 200 ppm Ca(II),150 ppm Mg(II),and 50 ppb Pb(II).The excellent results of the TiO2-rGO sensor can be attributed to synergic effects between TiO2 and rGO,resulting from the presence of n-p heterojunctions and the formation of the TiO2 nanoparticles on rGO.

关键词： photocatalyst electrochemical sensor hexavalent chromium graphene

KEY COMPONENTS AND TECHNOLOGIES FOR OPTICAL NETWORKS OF THE FUTURE

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KEY COMPONENTS AND TECHNOLOGIES FOR OPTICAL NETWORKS OF THE ...

Effect of multilayer CrN/CrAlN coating on the corrosion and contact resistance behavior of 316L SS bipolar plate for high temperature proton exchange membrane fuel cell

2002年IEEE十区计算机、通信、控制和电机工程会议

作者： M.Kavitha PritaNair J.PRaina P.V.Pushpa S.L.Maskara Advanced Training Institute for Information Technology no.25 R.K.Salai Mylapore Chennai-600004 India Advanced Training Institute for Information Technology no.25 R.K.Salai Mylapore Chennai-600004 India Advanced Training Institute for Information Technology no.25 R.K.Salai Mylapore Chennai-600004 India E & CE Dept.P D A College of Engineering Gulbarga - 585 102 India Department of Electronics & Electrical Communication Engineering Indian Institute of Technology.Kharagpur India

Explosive growth of Internet traffic and theconvergence of telecommunication, Internet and broadcastnetworks and services are causing huge demand on *** networks are the only solution, which can cater to thisever-increasing bandwidth demand. This paper presentsdevelopments and advances in some of the key components andtechnologies which are enabling the DWDM based opticaltransport network of the future.

关键词： OXC KEY COMPONENTS AND TECHNOLOGIES FOR OPTICAL NETWORKS OF THE FUTURE

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Journal of Materials Science & Technology 2022年第2期97卷 134-146页

作者： S.Pugal Mani P.Agilan M.Kalaiarasan K.Ravichandran N.Rajendran Y.Meng Department of Analytical Chemistry University of MadrasChennai-25India Department of Chemistry Anna UniversityChennai-25India State Key Laboratory of Tribology Tsinghua UniversityBeijing 100084China

Stainless steels have received wide attention as a substitute material for bipolar plates in high temperature proton exchange membrane fuel cell(HT-PEMFC).In the present work,the CrN,CrAlN and multilayer CrN/CrAlN coatings were deposited on 316 L SS to increase the corrosion resistance and decrease the interfacial contact *** deposited coatings exhibited face centered cubic phase structure and it was verified from the X-ray diffraction pattern.X-ray photo electron spectroscopy results showed the formation of both CrN and CrAlN layers on 316 L ***/CrAlN coating is more helpful in water management due to low surface roughness and high contact angle in the HT-PEMFC *** corrosion resistance behavior of all the samples were studied in 85%H_(3)PO_(4)solution at 140℃purged with H_(2)(HT-PEMFC anode)and O_(2)(HT-PEMFC cathode)*** results showed that all the coatings considerably improved the performance of 316 L SS and superior corrosion resistance was observed for CrN/CrAlN multilayer coating,whose protective efficiency was 98.12%and 96.14%in the two simulated HT-PEMFC *** results of electrochemical impedance spectroscopic studies demonstrated higher impedance for CrN/CrAlN *** morphological studies performed after corrosion studies revealed that protection ability of CrN/CrAlN coating still remained acceptable.A very low interfacial contact resistance value of 6 mΩ cm^(2) at 140 N/cm;was observed for CrN/CrAlN ***,after corrosion studies,the interfacial contact resistance value of CrN/CrAlN coated 316 L was much lower than that of CrN and CrAlN coatings due to the increased oxidation *** maximum power density of about 0.93 W/cm^(2) at 2 A/cm^(2) and output voltage of 0.96 V was observed for CrN/CrAlN coating.

关键词： Bipolar plate 316L SS Corrosion Contact resistance Contact angle Surface roughness

DEVELOPMENT　OF　DISTILLATE　HDS　CATALYST

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催化学报 1996年第5期17卷 401-403页

作者： Zhang Kongyuan Zh ResearchinstituteofQiluPetrochemicalCompany Zibo25 ResearchinstituteofQiluPetroc

ＤＥＶＥＬＯＰＭＥＮＴＯＦＤＩＳＴＩＬＬＡＴＥＨＤＳＣＡＴＡＬＹＳＴＺｈａｎｇＫｏｎｇｙｕａｎ，ＺｈｏｕＲａｎ，ＺｈｅｎｇＳｈａｏｋｕａｎ，ＭａｏＰｅｎｇｓｈｅｎｇ（ＲｅｓｅａｒｃｈＩｎｓｔｉｔｕｔｅｏｆＱｉｌｕＰｅ... 详细信息

ＤＥＶＥＬＯＰＭＥＮＴＯＦＤＩＳＴＩＬＬＡＴＥＨＤＳＣＡＴＡＬＹＳＴＺｈａｎｇＫｏｎｇｙｕａｎ，ＺｈｏｕＲａｎ，ＺｈｅｎｇＳｈａｏｋｕａｎ，ＭａｏＰｅｎｇｓｈｅｎｇ（ＲｅｓｅａｒｃｈＩｎｓｔｉｔｕｔｅｏｆＱｉｌｕＰｅｔｒｏｃｈｅｍｉｃａｌＣｏｍｐａｎ...

关键词：发展馏出液加氢脱硫过程催化剂氧化铝氧化钼氧化钴热解汽油改性剂

Improving Fault Detection in Modified Code-A Study from the Telecommunication Industry

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Journal of Computer Science & Technology 2007年第3期22卷 397-409页

作者： Piotr Tomaszewski Lars Lundberg Hkan Grahn School of Engineering Blekinge Institute of Technology SE-372 25 RonnebySweden

Many software systems are developed in a number of consecutive releases. In each release not only new code is added but also existing code is often modified. In this study we show that the modified code can be an important source of faults. Faults are widely recognized as one of the major cost drivers in software projects. Therefore, we look for methods that improve the fault detection in the modified code. We propose and evaluate a number of prediction models that increase the efficiency of fault detection. To build and evaluate our models we use data collected from two large telecommunication systems produced by Ericsson. We evaluate the performance of our models by applying them both to a different release of the system than the one they are built on and to a different system. The performance of our models is compared to the performance of the theoretical best model, a simple model based on size, as well as to analyzing the code in a random order （not using any model）. We find that the use of our models provides a significant improvement over not using any model at all and over using a simple model based on the class size. The gain offered by our models corresponds to 38-57% of the theoretical maximum gain.

关键词： fault prediction metrics testing and debugging

DIABETIC INTERSTITIAL GLUCOSE IN THE SKIN TISSUE BY ATR-FTIR SPECTROSCOPY VERSUS CAPILLARY BLOOD GLUCOSE

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Journal of Innovative Optical Health Sciences 2010年第2期3卷 81-90页

作者： NATALJA SKREBOVA EIKJE MC Professional OU Voistluse 23/25-35TallinnEstonia

Recently introduced horizontal attenuated total reflectance(HATR)Fourier transform infrared(FTIR)spectroscopy for real-time assessment and continuous monitoring of glucose biomolecules in the skin tissue directly on the patients might appear a promising alternative to interpret the activity of interstitial glucose metabolism in vivo by means of evaluating the dynamics of changes of glucose concentrations in interstitial fluid(IF).In the present study,in vivo spectra by ATR-FTIR spectroscopy were obtained post-prandially during a 120–180-minute continuous monitoring in three patients with type 2 diabetes and compared to pre-prandial *** all patients with diabetes interstitial glucose levels at 1030 and 1041cm^(−1) reflected the best relationship with blood *** lag time(LT)required for glucose to diffuse from the capillary to epidermal skin tissue was calculated between 0 and 60 minutes at all measured glucose *** showed intra-and inter-subject variations of each glucose biomolecule,pointing to similarities and differences among interstitial glucose metabolism of the ***,the findings suggest that HATR-FTIR spectroscopy might have the potential for clinical interpretation of activity of glucose metabolism for diagnosis,management,and treatment of patients with diabetes.

关键词： ATR-FTIR spectroscopy skin interstitial glucose diabetes.

POTENTIAL OF IN VIVO LATENT-TIME ESTIMATION BY LASER AND OPTICAL TECHNIQUES IN CLINICAL AND EXPERIMENTAL DERMATOLOGY

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Journal of Innovative Optical Health Sciences 2011年第4期4卷 421-428页

作者： NATALJA SKREBOVA EIKJE MC Professional OU Voistluse 23/25-35Tallinn 10132Estonia

The lag(latency)time(LT)is known in dermatology clinic as an asymptomatic period till the development of skin *** the laboratory,the LT might determine the interval from"zero"point until the peak(s)of changes in measured laboratory parameter during the performed *** paper discusses methodological and technical aspects of precise measurement of the LT in the living healthy and pathological skin by laser and optical technologies through clinical and experimental applications in *** on a dynamics approach to measure,calculate and interpret the LT in blood and in interstitialfluid compartments of the skin tissue,this method has a potential to promote deeper understanding of the role of complex dynamic processes in the skin at a level of a molecule,and/or an organ in a whole *** method of the LT measurement in vivo also promotes new understanding of(patho)physiological,diagnostic and pharmacological aspects of certain dynamic skin lesions and dynamic complex processes that happen in the *** laser and optical techniques showed high reliability and objectivity in collecting data from rapidly changed skin lesions and processes,demonstrating the LT measurement as a very easy-to-use calculation procedure with high informativity,which is extremely important for the clinical and laboratory environment.

关键词： Lag/latency time in vivo skin laser and optical technologies

Assessment of toxicity potential of metallic elements in discarded electronics:A case study of mobile phones in China

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Journal of Environmental Sciences 2008年第11期20卷 1403-1408页

作者： A.Middendorf Department of Environmental Engineering Fraunhofer IZMGustav-Meyer-Allee 2513355 BerlinGermany

The electronic waste (e-waste) is increasingly flooding Asia,especially China.E-waste could precipitate a growing volume of toxic input to the local environment if it was not handed *** makes the evaluation of environmental impact from electronics an essentially important task for the life cycle assessment (LCA) and the end-of-life management of electronic *** study presented a quantitative investigation on the environmental performance of typical *** types of disposed mobile...

关键词： e-waste enviromental impact toxicity potential indicator (TPI) mobile phones (MPs)