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Structural Control of the Getang Carlin-Type Gold Deposit in Southwest China

Journal of Earth Science 2024年第2期35卷 536-552页

作者： Guoping Zeng Xinlu Hu Diwei Luo Jianzhong Liu Shuzhen Yao Yongjie Jin Wuhan Center China Geological SurveyWuhan430205China Central South China Innovation Center for Geosciences Wuhan430205China Faculty of Earth Resources China University of GeosciencesWuhan430074China geological party 105 Guizhou Bureau of Geology and Mineral Exploration&DevelopmentGuiyang550018China

The Getang is a representative Carlin-type gold deposit in Southwest China.It has a proven reserve of about 30 tonnes at an average grade of 5.1 g/t Au.The orebodies occur as strat-abound lenses,and are structurally controlled by shallow NWW-and NE-trending fold-fault systems and the unconformity between the Upper and Middle Permian.In this study,the regional-and deposit-scale structural investigations,joints and finite strain measurements,and stress and dynamic analysis were conducted with an aim to reveal the structural process of the Getang gold deposit and clarify the relationship between the gold mineralization and structures.Three phases of deformation were identified in the deposit:(1)paleokarst was generated by a crustal uplift when the Youjiang Basin experienced extension at the end of the Middle Permian,laying the foundation for the unconformity;(2)the NW-trending structures were formed under a NNE-SSW compression during the Indochina-South China collision(Indosinian orogeny)in Triassic;(3)the NE-trending structures were generated or reactivated under a NW-SE-oriented compression during the Yanshanian intracontinental orogeny.The unconformity recorded two episodes of tectonic evolution in the NNE-SSW and NW-SE directions.Structural analyses and geochronology data suggest that the Getang gold deposit was formed as a result of tectonic transition from compression to extension during the Yanshanian intracontinental orogeny.

关键词： Carlin-type gold deposit structural features finite strain Getang Southwest China economy geology geochemistry

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Texture and Geochemistry of Multi-stage Hydrothermal Scheelite in the Mamupu Cu-Au-Mo(-W)Deposit,Eastern Tibet:Implications for Tungsten Mineralization in the Yulong Belt

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Acta Geologica Sinica(English Edition) 2024年第3期98卷 701-716页

作者： ZHANG Xiaoxu TANG Juxing LIN Bin WANG Qin HE Liang YAN Gang SHAO Rui WU Qiang DU Qiu ZHAXI Pingcuo Chengdu Center China Geological Survey(Geosciences Innovation Center of Southwest China)Chengdu 610081China MNR Key Laboratory of Metallogeny and Mineral Assessment Institute of Mineral ResourcesChinese Academy of Geological SciencesBeijing 100037China SinoProbe Laboratory Chinese Academy of Geological SciencesBeijing 100094China Earth Sciences College Chengdu University of TechnologyChengdu 610059China No.6 geological party Tibetan Bureau of Geology and Mineral Exploration and DevelopmentLhasa 851400China Tibet Shengyuan Mining Group Co. Ltd.Lhasa 851400China

Multistage tungsten mineralization was recently discovered in the Mamupu copper-polymetallic deposit in the southern Yulong porphyry copper belt(YPCB),Tibet.This study reports the results of cathodoluminescence,trace element and Sr isotope analyses of Mamupu scheelite samples,undertaken in order to better constrain the mechanism of W mineralization and the sources of the ore-forming fluids.Three different types of scheelite are identified in the Mamupu deposit:scheelite A(Sch A)mainly occurs in breccias during the prograde stage,scheelite B(Sch B)forms in the chlorite-epidote alteration zone in the retrograde stage,while scheelite C(Sch C)occurs in distal quartz sulfide veins.The extremely high Mo content and negative Eu anomaly in Sch A represent high oxygen fugacity in the prograde stage.Compared with ore-related porphyries,Sch A has a similar REE pattern,but with higher ΣREE,more depleted HREE and slightly lower(^(87)Sr/^(86)Sr)i ratios.These features suggest that Sch A is genetically related to ore-related porphyries,but extensive interaction with carbonate surrounding rocks affects the final REE and Sr isotopic composition.Sch B shows dark(Sch B-I)and light(Sch B-II)domains under CL imaging.From Sch B-I to Sch B-II,LREEs are gradually depleted,with MREEs being gradually enriched.Sch C has the highest LREE/HREE ratio,which indicates that it inherited the geochemical characteristics of fluids after the precipitation of HREE-rich minerals,such as diopside and garnet,in the early prograde stage.The Mo content in Sch B and Sch C gradually decreased,indicating that the oxygen fugacity of the fluids changed from oxidative in the early stages to reductive in the later,the turbulent Eu anomaly in Sch B and Sch C indicating that the Eu anomaly in the Mamupu scheelite is not solely controlled by oxygen fugacity.The extensive interaction of magmatic-hydrothermal fluids and carbonate provides the necessary Ca^(2+)for the precipitation of scheelite in the Mamupu deposit.

关键词： scheelite geochemistry Mamupu Cu deposit Yulong porphyry copper belt eastern Tibet

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LA-ICP-MS zircon U-Pb dating of tuffites in the Sachakou Pb-Zn mining area, Karakorum, Xinjiang and its establishment of Early Triassic strata

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China Geology 2024年第1期7卷 150-152页

作者： Xiao-jian Zhao Nuo Li Kai Weng Ming Wang Qing-lin Sui Deng-hui Chen Zhou-ping Guo Meng-qi Jin Xi’an Center China Geological SurveyMinistry of Natural ResourcesXi’an 710054China Xinjiang Research Center for Mineral Resources Xinjiang Institute of Ecology and GeographyChinese Academy of SciencesUrumqi 830011China College of Geography and Remote Sensing Sciences Xinjiang UniversityUrumqi 830046China University of Chinese Academy of Sciences Beijing 100029China No.8 geological party Xinjiang Bureau of Geology and Mineral Exploration and DevelopmentAksu 843000China School of Resource&Environment and Safety Engineering University of South ChinaHengyang 421001China

1.Objective In the past decade,a group of medium to giant lead-zinc deposits,represented by Huoshaoyun,Sachakou,and Yuanbaoling,have been discovered in the Aksai Chin region of Karakoram,Xinjiang.They are all located in the Mesozoic carbonate and clastic rock formations.The Sachakou leadzinc mining area is adjacent to the northwest of the Huoshaoyun lead-zinc mining area and is in the same stratigraphic layer as Huoshaoyun.Although many scholars have been arguing about the type and age of Huoshaoyun lead-zinc mineralization,few scholars have paid attention to the classification of the ore-bearing strata in the area.The stratigraphy of the Lower Permian Shenxianwan Group to the Upper Cretaceous Tielongtan Group is exposed in the Sachakou area of Karakorum,Xinjiang,however,the Late Permian-Early Triassic stratigraphy is missing(Fig.1a).Due to the harsh natural conditions in the area and the low level of work,the stratigraphic delineation is not exhaustive,and the regional lithology is dominated by carbonates and clastic rocks,which makes it difficult to identify the age of the regional lithology and causes problems for the exploration and research of lead-zinc in the area.

关键词： strata Triassic Xinjiang

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Tourmaline geochemistry as genetic evolution and metallogenic potential indicators of pegmatites: a case study from the Tugeman Be-Li deposit， Middle Altun

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Journal of Earth Science 2024年

作者： Hang Li Xingwang Xu Tao Hong Qiang Ke Yince Ma Kai Kang Zhiquan Yang Changsheng Guo College of Architecture and Civil Engineering Sanming University Key Laboratory of Mineral Resources Institute of Geology and Geophysics Chinese Academy of Sciences University of Chinese Academy of Sciences Innovation Academy for Earth Science Chinese Academy of Sciences Guangdong Provincial Key Lab of Geodynamics and Geohazards School of Earth Sciences and Engineering Sun Yat-Sen University Southern Marine Science and Engineering Guangdong Laboratory (Zhuhai) No.3 geological party Xinjiang Bureau of Geology and Mineral Exploration and Development

Tourmaline is a common borosilicate mineral in granite and pegmatite， and it is also an important carrier to record the physicochemical evolution information of magmas. However， the genetic relationship between pegmatite-type rare metal mineralization potential and tourmaline-bearing pegmatites is not clear， and the tourmaline geochemical indication of the mineralization type of rare metals needs to be supplemented. In the middle Altun region， extensive tourmaline-bearing pegmatite dykes are prevalent within and surrounding the Tugeman complex. In this paper， the petrology and geochemical characteristics of tourmaline within the pegmatite of the Tugeman Be-Li deposit have been comprehensively analyzed. The research delves into the genetic evolution and metallogenic potential of the pegmatite， emphasizing the indicative role of tourmaline geochemistry in discerning mineralization types in the Tugeman Be-Li deposit. Major and trace element analysis of tourmaline reveals varying contents of FeO （9.37 wt.%–17.10 wt.%）， Al2O3（28.64 wt.%–35.22% wt.%）， and MgO （0.13 wt.%–2.47 wt.%） in the Tugeman Be–Li pegmatite. Li， Zn， and Sn contents range from 204 ppm to 1 590 ppm， 1 143 ppm to 4 089 ppm， and 74 ppm to 396 ppm， respectively. The tourmaline analyzed in this study is magmatic origin and belongs to schorl series， exhibits substitution relationships， including (Na， Fe2+)(X□， Al)-1， (Fe2+， Fe3+)（Mg， Al）-1， (Al，X□)(R2+， Na)-1，（Na， Mg）(X□， Al)-1andX□NaR2+-1. The trace element data of tourmaline show that lithium has four enrichment stages in different mineral crystallization phases. Notably， the tendency of tourmaline in the Tugeman Be-Li pegmatite to evolve towards elbaite implies a magmatic evolution sequence from low to high， transitioning through microcline-albite pegmatite， muscovite-microcline-albite pegmatite， albite pegmatite， and microcline pegmatite. Furthermore， we also propose that the Sc content in schorl can serve as an indicator of pegmatite mineralization type and the Tugeman Be-Li pegmatite has evolved to

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Roles of Multisourced Fluids in the Formation of Sandstone-Hosted Uranium Deposits in the SW Songliao Basin, NE China

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Journal of Earth Science 2023年第1期34卷 54-69页

作者： Zhibing Feng Fengjun Nie Li Jiang Fei Xia Jianfang Cai Bocheng Zhang Yayun Lu Liangliang Zhang State Key Laboratory of Nuclear Resources and Environment East China University of TechnologyNanchang330013China Jiangxi Engineering Laboratory on Radioactive Geoscience and Big Data Technology East China University of TechnologyNanchang330013China Radioactive Geology and Exploration Technology Laboratory East China University of TechnologyNanchang330013China no.243 geological party China National Nuclear CorporationChifeng024000China Airborne Survey and Remote Sensing Center of Nuclear Industry China National Nuclear CorporationShijiazhuang050002China

The sandstone-hosted uranium deposits in the SW Songliao Basin differ from typical sandstone-hosted uranium deposits in terms of the geological features of the ore-deposits,including the geometry of the orebodies,mineral assemblage and petrography.Detailed drill core and microscopic observations,scanning electron microscopy(SEM),electron microprobe analysis(EMPA),heavy mineral concentrates,and fluid inclusion studies of the Upper Cretaceous Yaojia Formation,i.e.,the uranium-bearing layer,were integrated to investigate the roles of hydrothermal fluids in the formation of these uranium deposits.We found that the kaolinite alteration is developed in the mineralized zones,but it is less common in the peripheral areas.The fluid inclusions are hydrothermal fluids with a medium-low temperature(67 to 179 ℃) and a high salinity(5.9 wt.% to 20.1 wt.%).According to the analyses,three kinds of hydrothermal fluids,i.e.,the acid fluid,the groundwater heated by the mafic magma,and the alkaline fluid rich in Ca^(2+) and CO_(3)^(2-),were identified.The fluids might have low U content,but they have participated in the formation of the uranium deposits successively.Kaolinite formed by the acid-hydrothermal fluid absorbed large amounts of uranium.Subsequently,the thermal energy from the hydrothermal fluids changed the intrastratal redox environment and increased the solubility of the uranium minerals in the fluid.The alkaline-hydrothermal fluid rich in Ca^(2+) and C0_(3)^(2-) facilitated the formation of stable Ca-U(Ⅵ)-CO_(3) complex,which led to the enrichment of soluble uranium in solution,and final precipitation as pitchblende,brannerite and Ti-bearing uranium minerals in the uranium ores.

关键词： sandstone-hosted uranium deposit hydrothermal fluid uranium mineralization Songliao Basin kaolinite carbonate minerals

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Role of multisourced fluids in the formation of sandstone-hosted uranium deposits in the SW Songliao Basin， NE China

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Journal of Earth Science 2022年

作者： Zhibing Feng Fengjun Nie Li Jiang Fei Xia Jianfang Cai Bocheng Zhang Yayun Lu Liangliang Zhang State Key Laboratory of Nuclear Resources and Environment， East China University of Technology Jiangxi Engineering Laboratory on Radioactive Geoscience and Big Data Technology， East China University of Technology Radioactive Geology and Exploration Technology Laboratory， East China University of Technology no.243 geological party， China National Nuclear Corporation Airborne Survey and Remote Sensing Center of Nuclear Industry， China National Nuclear Corporation

The sandstone-hosted uranium deposits in the SW Songliao Basin differ from typical sandstone-hosted uranium deposits in terms of the geological features of the ore-deposits， including the geometry of the orebodies， mineral assemblage and petrography. Detailed drill core and microscopic observations， scanning electron microscopy （SEM）， electron microprobe analysis （EMPA）， heavy mineral concentrates， and fluid inclusion studies of the Upper Cretaceous Yaojia Formation， i.e.， the uranium-bearing layer， were integrated to investigate the effects of hydrothermal fluids on the formation of these uranium deposits. We found that the kaolinite alteration is developed in the mineralized zones， but it is less common in the peripheral areas. The fluid inclusions are hydrothermal fluids with a medium-low temperature （67℃ to 179℃） and a high salinity （5.9 wt.% to 20.1 wt.%）. According to the analyses， three kinds of hydrothermal fluids， i.e. the acid fluid， the groundwater heated by the mafic magma， and the alkaline fluid rich in Caand CO， were identified. The fluids might have low U content， but they have participated in the formation of the uranium deposits successively. Kaolinite formed by the acid-hydrothermal fluid absorbed large amounts of uranium. Subsequently， the thermal energy from the hydrothermal fluids changed the intrastratal redox environment and enhanced the solubility of the uranium minerals in the fluid. The alkaline-hydrothermal fluid rich in Caand COfacilitated the formation of stable Ca-U（VI）-COcomplex， which led to the enrichment of soluble uranium in solution， and final precipitate as pitchblende， brannerite and Ti-bearing uranium minerals in the uranium ores.

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Reservoir Forming Conditions and Models of Oil Sands in Northwestern Margin of Junggar Basin, China

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Journal of Earth Science 2022年

作者： Xiaoping Ma Xinguo Zhuang Yunlong He Jibin Zhou Meng Wang Baoqing Li Zhenlong Dai Xudong Fan Haihuai Sun Key Laboratory of Tectonics and Petroleum Resources China University of Geosciences No.1 geological party BGMRED of Xinjiang Turpan Jinyuan Mining & Metallurgy Co.LTD No.9 geological party BGMRED of Xinjiang Xinjiang Branch of Chinese Academy of Sciences

The northwestern margin of Junggar Basin is the region with the richest oil sand resources in China. For better understanding the enrichment rules and deployment of exploration and development of regional oil sand, it is of great scientific significance to study the accumulation conditions of oil sand in different strata and mining areas of the Junggar Basin. Through a large number of field investigations, drilling verification and sampling tests, it is found that the oil sands in the region covers an area of 2 000 km~2, with shallow and thick reservoir is, and predicted resource of 180 million tons.The oil sand resources are mainly distributed in four geological strata, namely the Middle Triassic Karamay Formation, Early Jurassic Badaowan Formation, Late Jurassic Qigu Formation, and Early Cretaceous Qingshuihe Formation. The reservoir is mainly composed of sandstone with high porosity and permeability, and the reservoir space is mainly intergranular pores with a medium average oil content. The oil sand deposit in the region is a typical destructive oil reservoir. The crude oil in the oil sand layer is degraded and thickened from the deep to the shallow, the content of saturated hydrocarbon is decreased, and the content of aromatic hydrocarbon, non-hydrocarbon and asphaltene is increased.The oil source comes from the deep Permian hydrocarbon-generating depression. Unconformities,faults and marginal fan delta-braided river depositional systems constitute effective migration and storage systems. Caprocks of the Upper Triassic Baijiantan Formation, Lower Jurassic Sangonghe Formation and Lower Cretaceous Hutubihe Formation were formed by three large scale lake transgressions.The Indosinian, Yanshan and Late Yanshan movements are the main driving forces for the migration of deep oil and gas to the shallow edge to form oil sand deposits. It is considered that the oil sands in the northwestern margin of Junggar Basin are slope complex migration type.

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The Geochemical Characteristics and Minerogenic Model for the Amo Hypothermal Tin Deposit in Ximeng County, Yunnan Province

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Acta Geologica Sinica(English Edition) 1991年第3期65卷 271-287页

作者： Zhao Daxian Tang Guangting The Fifth geological party, Yunnan Bureau of Geology and Mineral Resources, Simao,Yunnan Liu Linqun The Fifth geological party Yunnan Bureau of Geology and Mineral Resources Sirnao Yunnan

Through studies on the element geochemistry, alteration of country rocks, ore-forming fluids and isotopegeochemistry of the Arno tin deposit in the metamorphic rocks of the Upper Proterozoic Ximeng Group, theauthors consider that the concentration of the B-F-Li-Rb-Cs-Sn association is related to acidic magmatism inthe study area. The Fe-Mg-Li tourmaline in the ore is the replaced product of the country rocks byhypothermal fluid. The δ^(18)O values of mineral separates are +2.01- +13.16‰ and their δ^(34)S values, +2.6-+7.2‰. The ore-forming materials were derived from hydrothermal fluid of granitic magma. For themineralization, the temperature is 450°-350℃, the pressure, 450-1000×10~5 Pa, and the age, Himalayan(21.5 Ma). According to the geochemical characteristics, a minerogenic model is established: the deposit is ahypothermal cassiterite-quartz vein type tin deposit controlled by the hidden Himalayan granites.

关键词： The Geochemical Characteristics and Minerogenic Model for the Amo Hypothermal Tin Deposit in Ximeng County Yunnan Province

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Tectonic evolution and accumulation characteristics of Carboniferous shale gas in Yadu-Ziyun-Luodian aulacogen, Guizhou Province, South China

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China Geology 2023年第4期6卷 646-659页

作者： Kun Yuan Wen-hui Huang Ting Wang Shi-zhen Li Xiang-can Sun Xin-xin Fang Jun-ping Xiao Jun Guo Oil and Gas Resources Survey China Geological SurveyMinistry of Natural ResourcesBeijing 100083China China University of Geosciences(Beijing) Beijing 100083China The key Laboratory of Unconventional Oil and Gas Geology China Geological SurveyBeijing 100083China Institute of Geomechanics Chinese Academy of Geological SciencesBeijing 100081China No.814 geological party East China Bureau of Mineral Exploration and DevelopmentZhenjiang 212005China Hunan Institute of Geophysics and Geochemistry Changsha 410000China

The Yadu-Ziyun-Luodian aulacogen(YZLA) developed into being NW-trending in the Late Paleozoic,and was considered as an important passive continental margin aulacogen in Guizhou Province, South China. This tectonic zone is considered a large intracontinental thrust-slip tectonic unit, which has undergone a long period of development. It was ultimately determined in the Yanshanian, where the typical Upper Paleozoic marine shales were deposited. In 2021, Well QSD-1 was deployed in the Liupanshui area at the northwest margin of the aulacogen, and obtained a daily shale gas flow of 11011 m3in the Carboniferous Dawuba Formation. It thus achieved a breakthrough in the invesgation of shale gas in the Lower Carboniferous in South China, revealing relatively good gas-bearing properties and broad exploration prospects of the aulacogen. Being different from the Lower Paleozoic strata in the Sichuan Basin and the Yichang area of the Middle Yangtze, the development of the Carboniferous Dawuba Formation in the aulacogen exhibits the following characteristics:(1) The Lower Carboniferous shale is thick and widely distributed, with interbedded shale and marlstone of virous thickness;(2) The total organic carbon(TOC) content of the shale in the Dawuba Formation ranges from 1% to 5%, with an average of 2%, and the thermal maturity of organic matter(Ro) varies from 1% to 4%, with an average of2.5%, indicating good hydrocarbon generation capacity;(3) The main shale in the aulacogen was formed during the fault subsidence stage from the Middle Devonian to the Early Permian. Although the strong compression and deformation during the late Indosinian-Himalayan played a certain role in destroying the formed shale gas reservoirs, comparative analysis suggests that the area covered by the current Triassic strata has a low degree of destruction. It therefore provides good conditions for shale gas preservation,which can be regarded as a favorable area for the next exploration.

关键词： Shale gas Aulacogen Carboniferous Shale and marlstone Organic carbon Organic matter Hydrocarbon generation capacity Tectonic evolution Accumulation characteristics

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Zircon U-Pb Age of the Shangxu Gold Deposit from Bangong-Nujiang Co, Northern Tibet, and Restriction on the Early Cretaceous Orogenic Gold Mineralisation

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Acta Geologica Sinica(English Edition) 2018年第4期92卷 1664-1666页

作者： HUANG Hanxiao LI Guangming LIU Hong CAO Huawen ZHANG Zhilin Chengdu Center China Geological Survey Chengdu 610081 China No.5 geological party of Tibet geological Exploration Bureau Golmud 816000 Qinghai China

Objective The Tibetan Plateau is the largest continent-to-continent collision belt in the world. Two orogenic gold mineralisation belts have been recognized in this collision belt, which are as follows： the Indus-Yarlung Zangbo suture zone orogenic gold belt （IYOG）, represented by the Mayoumu and Bangbu gold deposits, and the Ailaoshan orogenic gold belt （AOG）, whose typical cases include the Zhenyuan and Chang＇an gold deposits. The IYOG formed during 54-45 Ma corresponds to the compressional deformation during the early stages of the collision of the plates of India and Eurasia, whereas the AOG formed in 38-29 Ma corresponds to that during the later stage of the collision. Recently, several medium- to large-sized gold deposits （e.g., the Dacha and Shangxu deposits） have been discovered along the Bangong Co-Nujiang suture belt, which indicates that another orogenic gold mineralisation belt existed within the Tibetan Plateau. However, the lack of a mineral suitable for dating or for altering the minerals that were affected by various tectonic thermal events causes difficulty to perform accurate dating. This study is based on the Shangxu gold deposit and analyses the genesis of zircon in gold-bearing quartz veins as well as the accurate gold-forming age by hydrothermal zircon micro probe analysis using the U-Pb （LA-ICP-MS） method.

关键词： ICP MS Pb

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