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低VOC聚氨酯大块泡沫用的新型助剂

低VOC聚氨酯大块泡沫用的新型助剂

Review on HVDC cable terminations

中国聚氨酯工业协会第十次年会

作者： Sven-Uwe Keimling nitroil europe handels gmbh Zipplhaus1-2HamburgD-20457Germang

在过去的60年中,聚氨酯工业获得了持续发展及技术上的改进。和聚氨酯塑料相比,其他类型的塑料几乎不能同时调整诸如弹性、阻燃性、撕裂强度等多种性能以满足不同特殊应用领域的需要。迫于汽车工业的发展需要,含低挥发性有机化合物(VOC)...

在过去的60年中,聚氨酯工业获得了持续发展及技术上的改进。和聚氨酯塑料相比,其他类型的塑料几乎不能同时调整诸如弹性、阻燃性、撕裂强度等多种性能以满足不同特殊应用领域的需要。迫于汽车工业的发展需要,含低挥发性有机化合物(VOC)的聚氨酯泡沫的开发已列入议事日程。

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High Voltage 2018年第2期3卷 79-89页

作者： Hanyu Ye Tobias Fechner Xianzhang Lei Yi Luo Mingyu Zhou Zhengyi Han Haitian Wang Qikai Zhuang Ruoyu Xu Duo Li Global Energy Interconnection Research Institute europe gmbh Markgrafenstr.34BerlinGermany

With modern power utilities going green by utilising renewable energy technologies and the development of the smart power grid,high-voltage direct current(HVDC)technologies become more and more important in the energy *** particular,HVDC cable systems play a prominent role in undersea power transmission and offshore renewable energy *** an essential part of a complete HVDC cable system,the cable termination is one of the most critical *** mathematical and physical background of HVDC cable systems is discussed and the development of various types of HVDC cable terminations is *** the non-uniform field distribution,the influence of temperature on the non-linear conductivity is briefly ***,faults of terminations caused by inappropriate installation and testing of cable systems are discussed.

关键词： termination cable power

Flow and heat transfer behaviour of nanofluids in microchannels

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Progress in Natural Science:Materials International 2018年第2期28卷 225-234页

作者： James Bowers Hui Cao Geng Qiao Qi Li Gan Zhang Ernesto Mura Yulong Ding SSE Engineering Centre Birmingham Centre for Energy Storage & School of Chemical Engineering University of Birmingham Global Energy Interconnection Research Institute europe gmbh

Flow and heat transfer of aqueous based silica and alumina nanofluids in microchannels were experimentally investigated. The measured friction factors were higher than conventional model predictions at low Reynolds numbers particularly with high nanoparticle concentrations. A decrease in the friction factor was observed with increasing Reynolds number, possibly due to the augmentation of nanoparticle aggregate shape arising from fluid shear and alteration of local nanoparticle concentration and nanofluid viscosity. Augmentation of the silica nanoparticle morphology by fluid shear may also have affected the friction factor due to possible formation of a core/shell structure of the particles. Measured thermal conductivities of the silica nanofluids were in approximate agreement with the Maxwell-Crosser model, whereas the alumina nanofluids only showed slight enhancements. Enhanced convective heat transfer was observed for both nanofluids, relative to their base fluids(water), at low particle concentrations. Heat transfer enhancement increased with increasing Reynolds number and microchannel hydraulic diameter. However, the majority of experiments showed a larger increase in pumping power requirements relative to heat transfer enhancements, which may hinder the industrial uptake of the nanofluids, particularly in confined environments, such as Micro Electro-Mechanical Systems(MEMS).

关键词： Nanofluid Microchannel Heat transfer Pressure drop Friction factor Thermal conductivity Viscosity

Ultrastructural analysis shows persistence of adhesion and tight junction proteins in mature human hair

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BIOCELL 2021年第4期45卷 1013-1022页

作者： LORENZO ALIBARDI BERND NOECKER Comparative Histolab Padova and Department of Biology University of BolognaBologna40126Italy KAO europe Research Laboratories Kao Germany GmbHDarmstadt64297Germany

The differentiation of cells composing mature human hairs produces layers with different corneous characteristics that would tend to flake away one from another,as in the corneous layer of the epidermis,without anchoring *** is likely that cell junctions established in the forming cells of the hair bulb are not completely degraded like in the corneous layer of the epidermis but instead remain in the hair shaft to bind mature cuticle,cortex,and medulla cells into a compact hair *** cell differentiation in hairs,cell junctions seem to disappear,and little is known about the fate of junctional proteins present in the mature human hair *** present ultrastructural immunogold study has detected some marker proteins of adhesion junction(cadherin and beta-catenin)and tight junctions(occludin and cingulin)that are still present in cornified hairs where numerous isopeptide bonds are detected,especially in the *** qualitative ultrastructural study indicates that aside from the cell membrane complex,a long corneo-desmosome bonding cortex and cuticle cells,also sparse adherens and tight junction remnants are *** is suggested that the cornification of these junctions with the incorporation of their proteins within the mature corneous material of the hair shaft likely contributes to maintaining the integrity of the mature *** information will also allow us to evaluate the effects of different chemical components present in hair formulations and stains on these junctional proteins and the consequent integrity of the hair shaft.

关键词： Human hair Cornification Adhesion junctions Tight junctions Immunogold Ultrastructure

Spacecraft collision avoidance challenge:Design and results of a machine learning competition

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Astrodynamics 2022年第2期6卷 121-140页

作者： Thomas Uriot Dario Izzo Luís FSimões Rasit Abay Nils Einecke Sven Rebhan Jose Martinez-Heras Francesca Letizia Jan Siminski Klaus Merz The european Space Agency Noordwijk2201 AZthe Netherlands ML Analytics LisbonPortugal FuturifAI CanberraAustralia Honda Research Institute europe gmbh Offenbach 63073Germany ESOC Space Debris OfficeDarmstadt 64293Germany

Spacecraft collision avoidance procedures have become an essential part of satellite *** and constantly updated estimates of the collision risk between orbiting objects inform various operators who can then plan risk mitigation *** measures can be aided by the development of suitable machine learning(ML)models that predict,for example,the evolution of the collision risk over *** October 2019,in an attempt to study this opportunity,the european Space Agency released a large curated dataset containing information about close approach events in the form of conjunction data messages(CDMs),which was collected from 2015 to *** dataset was used in the Spacecraft Collision Avoidance Challenge,which was an ML competition where participants had to build models to predict the final collision risk between orbiting *** paper describes the design and results of the competition and discusses the challenges and lessons learned when applying ML methods to this problem domain.

关键词： space debris collision avoidance competition kelvins

Research progress in green synthesis of ammonia as hydrogen-storage carrier under‘hydrogen 2.0 economy’

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Clean Energy 2023年第1期7卷 116-131页

作者： Ge Li Ziran Ma Jia Zhao Jiali Zhou Shengpan Peng Yonglong Li Baodong Wang National Institute of Clean-and-Low-Carbon Energy Beijing 102211China Industrial Catalysis Institute of Zhejiang University of Technology Hangzhou 310014ZhejiangChina NICE europe Research gmbh Stockholmer Platz 170173 StuttgartGermany

Hydrogen energy is characterized by its environmental friendliness,high efficiency,lack of carbon emissions and wide range of ***,its transportation and storage are challenges that limit further development of the hydrogen-energy *** is a carbon-free hydrogen-rich *** storage of hydrogen in ammonia has unique advantages of high energy density,easy storage and transportation,reliable safety,a mature industrial foundation and no tail-end carbon ***,industrial ammonia synthesis still heavily relies on the Haber-Bosch process,which accounts for significant energy consumption and greenhouse gas ***,the development of green and sustainable ammonia-synthesis methods is extremely important and ***,ammonia-synthesis technologies such as electrocatalysis,photocatalysis,photoelectrocatalysis and biocatalysis have successfully produced ammonia from nitrogen and water,resulting in lower *** nitrogen-reduction-reaction conditions of these methods are mild and can be carried out under ambient temperatures and atmospheric pressure with low energy ***,these methods bypass the traditional hydrogen-production section and their routes are ***,these technologies can be used to flexibly integrate renewable energy,including intermittent renewable energy,to achieve distributed ammonia *** benefits contribute to both global energy and environmental sustainability *** this study,the mechanisms of ammonia synthesis under ambient conditions are reviewed and the technical difficulties of various catalysts for ammonia synthesis are *** on the optimization strategies reported for various catalysts,the high-performing catalysts reported for ammonia synthesis are reviewed and the developmental trend of this field has been forecasted.

关键词： hydrogen 2.0 economy ammonia synthesis catalyst ambient conditions mechanism

Investigation on effect of semiconducting screen on space charge behaviour of polypropylene-based polymers for HVDC cables

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High Voltage 2022年第5期7卷 968-981页

作者： Mingyu Zhou Haitian Wang Xintong Ren George Chen Yi Luo Fan Yu Global Energy Interconnection Research Institute europe gmbh BerlinGermany The Tony Davies High Voltage Laboratory University of SouthamptonSouthamptonHampshireUK Global Energy Interconnection Research Institute Co. Ltd.BeijingChina

High voltage direct current(HVDC)power transmission cable is critical for realising sustainability through renewable energy ***-friendly thermoplastic polypropylene(PP)-based polymers/nanocomposites are regarded as promising candidates for replacing current thermoset crosslinked polyethylene(XLPE)*** an essential component of the extruded HVDC cable for improving conductor/insulation interface and suppressing charge injection to insulation at high DC electrical stresses,developing semiconducting(SC)screens that are compatible with PP-based insulation is of similar importance but has not been well studied *** work aims at designing PP-based semiconducting screens and investigating space charge behaviours of SC/PP/SC sandwich specimen to unfold the effect of semiconducting materials,bonding methods,applied DC electric field,and temperature on charge injection,accumulation,transportation,and dissipation in PP-based *** conventional thermal,mechanical,and low field electrical characterisations demonstrated that all of the developed semiconducting materials meet the performance criteria of commercial semiconducting materials,their space charge and local electric field distribution varied significantly at high DC *** with the traditional non-bonded configuration used at lab-scale,charge injection was enhanced in hot-pressed SC/PP/SC samples with tightly bonded interfaces,which better reflects the real situation in extruded *** temperature further intensified charge ***,our results also revealed that high temperature and electric field strongly influence charge mobilities and consequently their distribution and local electric field in PP-based insulations.

关键词： charge insulation effect

Criteria influencing the selection and design of HV and UHV DC cables in new network applications

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High Voltage 2018年第2期3卷 90-95页

作者： Gian Carlo Montanari Peter H.F.Morshuis Mingyu Zhou Gary CStevens Alun SVaughan Zhengyi Han Duo Li University of Bologna BolognaItaly Solid Dielectric Solutions LeidenThe Netherlands Global Energy Interconnection Research Institute europe gmbh BerlinGermany Gnosys Global Ltd GuildfordUK ECS University of SouthamptonSouthamptonUK

This study sets out to discuss the challenges that need to be addressed effectively to facilitate the adoption of long distance high-voltage and ultra-high-voltage direct current(UHVDC)power transmission *** in the alternating current case,the desire to minimise the losses has involved the use of increasingly high transmission voltages,which presents particular problems where UHVDC cables are ***,this study presents the case for a novel,integrated approach to the problem,which links three distinct aspects of the problem,namely:(i)cable ratings and network operability;(ii)cable design and constituent insulating material requirements;and(iii)potential strategies for the design of novel insulation materials,where the required properties are actively‘designed in’.The study concludes that the impact of these factors acting in concert on network operation/performance requires a more integrated approach to the problem than has traditionally been the case.A number of complementary strategies for the development of novel material technologies and UHVDC cable designs are required that can meet the service performance and ultimate service lifetimes expected for new network applications.

关键词： network service cable

Hydrogen effect on the mechanical behaviour and microstructural features of a Fe-Mn-C twinning induced plasticity steel

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International Journal of Minerals,Metallurgy and Materials 2021年第5期28卷 835-846页

作者： Xiaofei Guo Stefan Zaefferer Fady Archie Wolfgang Bleck Steel Institute RWTH Aachen UniversityIntze-str.1Aachen 52072Germany Max-Planck-Institut für Eisenforschung gmbh Max-Planck-Straße 1Düsseldorf 40237Germany NLMK europe Eutelis-Platz 2Ratingen 40878Germany

The influences of hydrogen on the mechanical properties and the fracture behaviour of Fe-22Mn-0.6C twinning induced plasticity steel have been investigated by slow strain rate tests and fractographic *** steel showed high susceptibility to hydrogen embrittlement,which led to 62.9%and 74.2%reduction in engineering strain with 3.1 and 14.4 ppm diffusive hydrogen,*** fracture surfaces revealed a transition from ductile to brittle dominated fracture modes with the rising hydrogen *** underlying deformation and fracture mechanisms were further exploited by examining the hydrogen effects on the dislocation substructure,stacking fault probability,and twinning behaviour in pre-strained slow strain rate test specimens and notched tensile specimens using coupled electron channelling contrast imaging and electron backscatter diffraction *** results reveal that the addition of hydrogen promotes planar dislocation structures,earlier nucleation of stacking faults,and deformation twinning within those grains which have tensile axis orientations close to//rolling direction and//rolling *** developed twin lamellae result in strain localization and micro-voids at grain boundaries and eventually lead to grain boundary decohesion.

关键词： twinning induced plasticity steel hydrogen mechanical behaviour dislocation twinning electron channelling contrast imaging