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Yields,growth and water use under chemical topping in relations to row configuration and plant density in drip-irrigated cotton

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Journal of Cotton Research 2024年第2期7卷 123-136页

作者： Wang Xuejiao Hu Yanping Ji Chunrong Chen Yongfan Sun Shuai Zhang Zeshan Zhang Yutong Wang Sen Yang Mingfeng Ji Fen Guo Yanyun Li Jie Zhang Lizhen Xinjiang Agriculture Network Information Center Xinjiang Agrometeorological ObservatoryUrumqi 830002China College of Resources and Environmental Sciences Xinjiang Agricultural UniversityUrumqi 830091China College of Resources and Environmental Sciences China Agricultural UniversityBeijing 100193China China meteorological Administration Institute of Desert MeteorologyUrumqi 830002China Wulanwusu Agrometeorological Station Shihezi 832199China Xinjiang Academy of Agricultural Sciences China National Cotton R&D CenterUrumqi 830091China

Background Water deficit is an important problem in agricultural production in arid *** the advent of wholly mechanized technology for cotton planting in Xinjiang,it is important to determine which planting mode could achieve high yield,fiber quality and water use efficiency(WUE).This study aimed to explore if chemical topping affected cotton yield,quality and water use in relation to row configuration and plant *** Experiments were carried out in Xinjiang China,in 2020 and 2021 with two topping method,manual topping and chemical topping,two plant densities,low and high,and two row configurations,i.e.,76 cm equal rows and 10+66 cm narrow-wide rows,which were commonly applied in matching harvest *** topping increased seed cotton yield,but did not affect cotton fiber quality comparing to traditional manual *** equal row spacing,the WUE in higher density was 62.4%higher than in the lower ***,under narrow-wide row spacing,the WUE in lower density was 53.3%higher than in higher one(farmers’practice).For machine-harvest cotton in Xinjiang,the optimal row configuration and plant density for chemical topping was narrow-wide rows with 15 plants m-2 or equal rows with 18 plants *** The plant density recommended in narrow-wide rows was less than farmers’practice and the density in equal rows was moderate with local *** results provide new knowledge on optimizing agronomic managements of machine-harvested cotton for both high yield and water efficient.

关键词： Yield components Fiber quality Transpiration Water use efficiency Heat ratio method(HRM)

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Recent Progresses of the DAMPE Mission

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空间科学学报 2024年第4期44卷 633-642页

作者： CHANG Jin Key Laboratory of Dark Matter and Space Astronomy Purple Mountain ObservatoryChinese Academy of SciencesNanjing 210033 School of Astronomy and Space Science University of Science and Technology of ChinaHefei 230026

The DArk Matter Particle Explorer(DAMPE)is a space high-energy particle andγ-ray detector whose major scientific goals are the indirect detection of dark matter particles,the origin of cosmic rays and highenergyγ-ray *** its successful launch in December 2015,the DAMPE has been operated smoothly in orbit for more than 8 *** direct measurements of the boron-to-carbon and boron-to-oxygen flux ratios,and the proton+Helium spectrum up to 316 TeV have been obtained,revealing new spectral features with very high *** search results ofγ-ray spectral line and fractionally charged particles indicate a good potential of DAMPE for indirect dark matter detection and new physical discovery in *** DAMPE measurements are expected to significantly advance our understanding of the fundamental problems in astroparticle physics.

关键词： DAMPE Dark matter Indirect detection Cosmic rays

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Characteristics of Radar Echo Parameters and Microphysical Structure Simulation of a Short-Time Heavy Precipitation Supercell

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Journal of Tropical Meteorology 2022年第4期28卷 388-404页

作者： ZHAO Gui-xiang WANG Yi-jie LIAN Zhi-luan Shanxi meteorological observatory Taiyuan 030006 China Hebei meteorological observatory Shijiazhuang 050021 China

By using the conventional observations, radar data, NCEP/NCAR FNL 1°×1° reanalysis data and numerical simulation data and with the construction and calculation of radar echo parameters, this paper presents the structural characteristics and physical processes of a short-time heavy precipitation supercell that occurred in the squall line process in Shanxi Province on 24 June 2020. The results show that this squall line event occurred in front of a surface cold front,combined with infiltration of low-level cold air and continuous increase of near-surface humidity in the afternoon. The surface mesoscale convergence line and mesoscale dew point front contributed to the development and systemization of the squall line by a large degree. The short-time extremely heavy precipitation in Pingshun County was caused by the development of a supercell from thunderstorm cells on the front side of the squall line. The characteristics of sharp increase in vertical integral liquid water content, persistent increase in reflectivity factor and continuous rise in the echo top height appeared about 23 min earlier than the severe precipitation, which has qualitative indicating significance for the nowcasting of short-time heavy precipitation. A quantitative analysis of the radar echo parameters suggests that the“sudden drop”of FV40was a precursor signal of cells’ coalescence and rapid development to the mature stage. The areal change of the echo core at the 6 km height was highly subject to the merging and developing of cells, the rapid change of hydrometeor particles in clouds and the precipitation intensity. Changes in the cross-sectional area of convective cells at different heights can indirectly reflect the changes of liquid particles and ice particles in clouds, which is indicatively meaningful for predicting the coalescing and developing-to-maturing of cells and heavy precipitation 30-45 min earlier.A comprehensive echo parameter prediction model constructed by the random forest p

关键词： supercell short-time heavy rainfall radar echo parameters microphysical structure

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VERIFICATION OF TYPHOON FORECASTS BY THE GRAPES MODEL

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Journal of Tropical Meteorology 2010年第1期16卷 77-81页

作者：宋煜叶成志黄振濮文耀 Dalian meteorological observatory Hunan meteorological observatory Dalian Weather Modification Office

Four landfalling typhoon cases in 2005 were selected for a numerical simulation study with the Global/Regional Assimilation and Prediction System(GRAPES) *** preliminary assessment results of the performance of the model,including the predictions of typhoon track,landfall time,location and intensity,etc.,are presented and the sources of errors are *** 24-hour distance forecast error of the typhoon center by the model is shown to be about 131 km,while the 48-hour error is 252 *** model was relatively more skilful at forecasts of landfall time and locations than those of intensity at *** average,the 24-hour forecasts were slightly better than the 48-hour *** analysis of data impacts indicates that the assimilation of unconventional observation data is essential for the improvement of the model *** model could also be improved by increasing model resolution to simulate the mesoscale and fine scale systems and by improving methods of terrain refinement processing.

关键词： GRAPES model landfalling typhoon verification

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Journal of Tropical Meteorology 2012年第3期18卷 322-331页

作者：钟元潘劲松朱红陈卫锋陈世春梁明珠 Zhejiang meteorological Research Institute Zhejiang meteorological observatory Huzhou meteorological bureau

A quantitative scheme is put forward in our work of forecasting the storm rainfall of typhoons for specific *** the initial parameters,weather situations and physical quantities as well as numerical weather prediction products,the scheme constructs multivariate,objective and similarity criteria for environmental factors for the time between the current and forthcoming moment within the domain of *** defining a non-linear similarity index,this work presents a comprehensive assessment of the similarity between historical samples of typhoons and those being forecast in terms of continuous dynamic states under the multivariate criteria in order to identify similar *** historical rainfall records of the similar samples are used to run weighted summarization of the similarity index to determine site-specific and quantitative forecasts of future typhoon *** resembling the typhoon being forecast are selected by defining a non-linear similarity index composed of multiple *** tests have demonstrated that this scheme has positive prediction skill.

关键词： weather forecast forecasting methods typhoon storm precipitation site-specific and quantitative forecast similarity

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CONTRAST ANALYSIS OF APRIL TYPHOONS LEO AND NEOGURI

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Journal of Tropical Meteorology 2011年第4期17卷 409-417页

作者：卢山吴乃庚 Guangzhou Central meteorological observatory

The conventional observations data,NCAR/NCEP-2 reanalysis data,and NOAA outgoing longwave radiation data are used to investigate different characteristics of Leo and Neoguri,two April typhoons that ever made landfall on the continent of China over the past 60 *** results showed that both Leo and Neoguri occurred during the La Nina *** convective activity,weak vertical wind shear and upper-level divergence were in favor of the formation of these April *** originated from a monsoon depression and Neoguri evolved from an easterly *** meandering moving track of Leo attributed to strong northeast monsoon and a weak and changeable subtropical high;the steady moving track of Neoguri was governed by a strong and stable subtropical *** and Neoguri had similar terrain conditions and intensities during landfall but were different in precipitation as water vapor transport and duration of kinetic uplifting resulted in apparent discrepancies between them.

关键词： April typhoons formation mechanisms moving track typhoon precipitation

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A STUDY ON THE MECHANISM OF RAPID WEAKENING OF TYPHOON XANGSANE (0020) OVER THE EAST CHINA SEA

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Journal of Tropical Meteorology 2016年第3期22卷 352-361页

作者：钱燕珍张胜军陈联寿 ningbo meteorological observatory Hangzhou 315012 China State Key Laboratory of Severe Weather Chinese Academy of Meteorological Sciences Beijing 100081 China

： Using the National Center for Environmental Prediction reanalysis data on 1.0°×l.0° grids and data from theTropical Cyclone yearbook （2000）, a diagnostic analysis and numerical simulation were performed to investigate the characteristics and mechanism underlying the rapid weakening of typhoon Xangsane. The results show that a sharp decline in the intensity of typhoon Xangsane resulted from its movement into the cool sea surface temperature area in the East China Sea, the intrusion of cold air from the mainland into the typhoon, and a rapid increase of the vertical wind shear in the surrounding environment. An important factor that led to the demise of the typhoon was a significant decrease in the moisture transport into the typhoon. Furthermore, the results of the numerical simulation and sensitivity experiments indicate that sea surface temperature largely modulated the rapid weakening of typhoon Xangsane.

关键词： Typhoon Xangsane rapid weakening diagnostic analysis numerical simulation structural analysis

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Terahertz high-sensitivity SIS mixer based on Nb–AlN–NbN hybrid superconducting tunnel junctions

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Chinese Physics B 2024年第5期33卷 681-686页

作者：刘博梁刘冬姚明金骏达王争李婧史生才 Artem Chekushkin Michael Fominsky Lyudmila Filippenko Valery Koshelets Purple Mountain observatory Chinese Academy of SciencesNanjing 210023China School of Astronomy and Space Sciences University of Science and Technology of ChinaHefei 230026China Kotel'nikov Institute of Radio Engineering and Electronics Russian Academy of SciencesMoscow 125009Russia

The terahertz band,a unique segment of the electromagnetic spectrum,is crucial for observing the cold,dark universe and plays a pivotal role in cutting-edge scientific research,including the study of cosmic environments that support life and imaging black ***-sensitivity superconductor–insulator–superconductor(SIS)mixers are essential detectors for terahertz astronomical telescopes and interferometric *** to the commonly used classical Nb/AlO_(x)/Nb superconducting tunnel junction,the Nb/AlN/NbN hybrid superconducting tunnel junction has a higher energy gap voltage and can achieve a higher critical current *** makes it particularly promising for the development of ultra-wideband,high-sensitivity coherent detectors or mixers in various scientific research *** this paper,we present a superconducting SIS mixer based on Nb/AlN/NbN parallel-connected twin junctions(PCTJ),which has a bandwidth extending up to490 GHz–720 *** best achieved double-sideband(DSB)noise temperature(sensitivity)is below three times the quantum noise level.

关键词： SIS mixer terahertz gap voltage critical current density hybrid superconducting tunnel junction

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The El Ni?o-Southern Oscillation cycle simulated by the climate system model of Chinese Academy of Sciences

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Acta Oceanologica Sinica 2015年第1期34卷 55-65页

作者： SU Tonghua XUE Feng SUN Hongchuan ZHOU Guangqing International Center for Climate and Environment Sciences Institute of Atmospheric PhysicsChinese Academy of Sciences Fujian meteorological observatory Jiangsu meteorological observatory

On the basis of more than 200-year control run, the performance of the climate system model of Chinese Academy of Sciences （CAS-ESM-C） in simulating the E1 Nifio-Southern Oscillation （ENSO） cycle is evalu- ated, including the onset, development and decay of the ENSO. It is shown that, the model can reasonably simulate the annual cycle and interannual variability of sea surface temperature （SST） in the tropical Pacif- ic, as well as the seasonal phase-locking of the ENSO. The model also captures two prerequisites for the E1 Nino onset, i.e., a westerly anomaly and a warm SST anomaly in the equatorial western Pacific. Owing to too strong forcing from an extratropical meridional wind, however, the westerly anomaly in this region is largely overestimated. Moreover, the simulated thermocline is much shallower with a weaker slope. As a result, the warm SST anomaly from the western Pacific propagates eastward more quickly, leading to a faster develop- ment of an E1 Nino. During the decay stage, owing to a stronger E1Nino in the model, the secondary Gill-type response of the tropical atmosphere to the eastern Pacific warming is much stronger, thereby resulting in a persistent easterly anomaly in the western Pacific. Meanwhile, a cold anomaly in the warm pool appears as a result of a lifted thermocline via Ekman pumping. Finally, an E1 Nino decays into a La Nina through their interactions. In addition, the shorter period and larger amplitude of the ENSO in the model can be attribut- ed to a shallower thermocline in the equatorial Pacific, which speeds up the zonal redistribution of a heat content in the upper ocean.

关键词： climate system model of Chinese Academy of Sciences E1 Nifio-Southern Oscillation cycle E1Nifio thermocline wind stress

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Study of a Horizontal Shear Line over the Qinghai–Tibetan Plateau and the Impact of Diabatic Heating on Its Evolution

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Journal of meteorological Research 2018年第4期32卷 612-626页

作者： Qin GUAN Xiuping YAO Qingping LI Yuancang MA Honghua ZHANG Qinghai Provincial meteorological observatory Xining 810001 China meteorological Administration Training Centre Beijing 100081 Huangnanzhou meteorological Office of Qinghai Province Tongren 811300 Lianyungang meteorological observatory of Jiangsu Province Lianyungang 222006

Based on the 4 times daily 0.75°× 0.75° ERA-Interim data, the structural evolution of a Qinghai-Tibetan Plateau horizontal （east-west-oriented） shear line （TSL） during 15-19 August 2015 and the effect of diabatic heating on its evolution were analyzed. The results show that the TSL possessed a vertical thickness of up to 1.5 km （approxim-ately 600-450 hPa）, and was baroclinic in nature. Weak ascending motions occurred near the TSL, accompanied with more significant gradients in dew point temperature than in temperature. The TSL was characterized by diurnal vari- ations in its appearance and structure. It was relatively full in shape （broken） and was the lowest （highest） in vertical extent at 0000 （1800） UTC, and veered clockwise （anticlockwise） dttring 0000--0600 （1200-1800） UTC. When the north-south span of the TSL increased, it was prone to fracturing; and it disappeared when the dew point temperat-ure gradients to its either side decreased. When the TSL moved northward （southward）, its western （eastern） section broke up, while the eastern （western） section inclined to regenerate or merge. The TSL tended to move towards the positive vorticity areas with significant increases in vorticity. When the positive vorticity center moved down, the height of TSL decreased. Further analysis shows that the plateau surface heating dominated the vorticity attribute of the TSL and its movement, with different contributions from local variation, horizontal advection, and vertical advec-tion of the diabatic heating to the TSL at different heights.

关键词： plateau shear line structure evolution diabatic heating

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