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Rational design of robust and transparent superrepellent surfaces for long-term marine antifouling

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Science China(Technological Sciences) 2024年第7期67卷 2031-2039页

作者： CHEN Hui WANG Zhi WANG DaHeng XIAO Feng FU Guang-En BU XueLing ZHAO Lei ZHANG Tao WU DaHeng PU JiBin The State Key Laboratory of Refractories and Metallurgy Wuhan University of Science&TechnologyWuhan 430081China Key Laboratory of Advanced Marine Materials Ningbo Institute of Materials Technology and EngineeringChinese Academy of SciencesNingbo 315201China

Superhydrophobic surfaces have demonstrated exceptional efficacy in combatting biofouling contaminations of optical devices and equipment in marine applications. However, the fabrication of highly transparent superhydrophobic materials remains a formidable challenge due to the inherent trade-off between surface roughness for superhydrophobicity and optical ***, we design a robust and transparent superhydrophobic coating(Si-POSS) embedded silica nanoparticles(200 nm) with fluorinated polyhedral oligomeric silsesquioxanes(F-POSS) and zinc pyrithione(ZPT). The Si-POSS coating exhibits excellent water repellence toward diverse liquids and optical transmittance exceeding 90% in the visible spectrum. Moreover, the Si-POSS coating sustains long-term anti-bacterial(> 99.11%) and anti-algal effects for over 30 days, accompanied by mechanical,chemical, and thermal stability. This research asserts that the Si-POSS coating with outstanding combined characteristics holds significant potential for marine applications, particularly in self-cleaning and antifouling endeavors.

关键词： superhydrophobic surface transparent marine antifouling nanoparticles

Review on piezoelectric actuators:materials,classifications,applications,and recent trends

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Frontiers of Mechanical Engineering 2024年第1期19卷 5-33页

作者： Xuyang ZHOU Shuang WU Xiaoxu WANG Zhenshan WANG Qixuan ZHU Jinshuai SUN Panfeng HUANG Xuewen WANG Wei HUANG Qianbo LU institute of Flexible Electronics(IFE) Northwestern Polytechnical UniversityXi’an 710072China School of Automation Northwestern Polytechnical UniversityXi’an 710072China Key Laboratory of Flexible Electronics of Zhejiang Province Ningbo Institute of Northwestern Polytechnical UniversityNingbo 315103China

Piezoelectric actuators are a class of actuators that precisely transfer input electric energy into displacement,force,or movement outputs efficiently via inverse piezoelectric effect-based electromechanical *** types of piezoelectric actuators have sprung up and gained widespread use in various applications in terms of compelling attributes,such as high precision,flexibility of stoke,immunity to electromagnetic interference,and structural *** paper systematically reviews the piezoelectric materials,operating principles,representative schemes,characteristics,and potential applications of each mainstream type of piezoelectric ***,we intend to provide a more scientific and nuanced perspective to classify piezoelectric actuators into direct and indirect categories with several *** addition,this review outlines the pros and cons and the future development trends for all kinds of piezoelectric actuators by exploring the relations and mechanisms behind *** rich content and detailed comparison can help build an in-depth and holistic understanding of piezoelectric actuators and pave the way for future research and the selection of practical applications.

关键词： piezoelectric actuator piezoelectric effect amplified piezoelectric actuator ultrasonic actuator stepping actuator piezoelectric polymer

Unveiling the chemistry behind the electrolytic production of hydrogen peroxide by oxygenated carbon

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Journal of Energy Chemistry 2024年第9期96卷 49-58页

作者： Pan Xiang Kunshang Yang Qihao Yang Yang Gao Wenwen Xu Zhiyi Lu Liang Chen Zhiming Wang Ziqi Tian institute of Fundamental and Frontier Sciences University of Electronic Science and Technology of ChinaChengdu 610054SichuanChina Key Laboratory of Advanced Fuel Cells and Electrolyzers Technology of Zhejiang Province Ningbo Institute of Materials Technology and EngineeringChinese Academy of SciencesNingbo 315201ZhejiangChina institute for Advanced Study Chengdu UniversityChengdu 610106SichuanChina

Oxygenated carbon materials exhibit outstanding electrocatalytic performance in the production of hydrogen peroxide(H2O2)through a two-electron oxygen reduction *** nature of the active functional group and underlying reaction mechanism,however,remain ***,a comprehensive workflow was established to identify the active sites from the numerous possible *** common hydroxyl group at the notched edge demonstrates a key role in the two-electron *** local chemical environment weakens the binding of OOH intermediate to substrate while enhancing interaction with solution,thereby promoting the H_(2)O_(2)*** increasing pH,the intramolecular hydrogen bond between OOH intermediate and hydroxyl decreases,facilitating OOH ***,the rise in selectivity with increasing potential stems from the suppression of the four-electron *** active site was further validated through *** by theoretical understanding,optimal performance was achieved with high selectivity(>95%)and current density(2.06 mA/cm^(2))in experiment.

关键词： First-principles calculation Oxygen reductionreaction Hydrogen peroxide production Fixed-potential method Oxygenated carbon materials

Microearthquake reveals the lithospheric structure at midocean ridges and oceanic transform faults

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Journal of Oceanology and Limnology 2024年第3期42卷 697-700页

作者： Zhiteng YU Jiabiao LI Weiwei DING Key Laboratory of Submarine Geosciences&Second institute of oceanography Ministry of Natural ResourcesHangzhou 310012China

Mid-ocean ridge and oceanic transforms are among the most prominent features on the seafloor surface and are crucial for understanding seafloor spreading and plate tectonic dynamics,but the deep structure of the oceanic lithosphere remains poorly *** large number of microearthquakes occurring along ridges and transforms provide valuable information for gaining an indepth view of the underlying detailed seismic structures,contributing to understanding geodynamic processes within the oceanic *** studies have indicated that the maximum depth of microseismicity is controlled by the 600-℃***,this perspective is being challenged due to increasing observations of deep earthquakes that far exceed this suggested isotherm along mid-ocean ridges and oceanic transform *** mechanisms have been proposed to explain these deep events,and we suggest that local geodynamic processes(e.g.,magma supply,mylonite shear zone,longlived faults,hydrothermal vents,etc.)likely play a more important role than previously thought.

关键词： microearthquake mid-ocean ridge oceanic transform fault oceanic lithosphere thermal structure earthquake location

A hybrid contact approach for modeling soil-structure interaction using the material point method

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Journal of Rock Mechanics and Geotechnical Engineering 2024年第5期16卷 1864-1882页

作者： Qinyang Sang Yonglin Xiong Rongyue Zheng Xiaohua Bao Guanlin Ye Feng Zhang Key Laboratory of Impact and Safety Engineering Ministry of EducationSchool of Mechanical Engineering and MechanicsNingbo UniversityNingbo315211China institute of Geotechnical Engineering Ningbo UniversityNingbo315211China College of Civil and Transportation Engineering Shenzhen UniversityShenzhen518060China Department of Civil Engineering Shanghai Jiao Tong UniversityShanghai200240China Department of Civil Engineering Nagoya Institute of TechnologyShowa-kuGokiso-choNagoya466-8555Japan

The grid-based multi-velocity field technique has become increasingly popular for simulating the Material Point Method(MPM)in contact ***,this traditional technique has some shortcomings,such as(1)early contact and contact penetration can occur when the contact conditions are unsuitable,and(2)the method is not available for contact problems involving rigid-nonrigid materials,which can cause numerical *** study presents a new hybrid contact approach for the MPM to address these limitations to simulate the soil and structure *** approach combines the advantages of point-point and point-segment contacts to implement contact detection,satisfying the impenetrability condition and smoothing the corner contact *** proposed approach is first validated through a disk test on an inclined ***,several typical cases,such as granular collapse,bearing capacity,and deformation of a flexible retaining wall,are simulated to demonstrate the robustness of the proposed approach compared with FEM or analytical ***,the proposed method is used to simulate the impact of sand flow on a deformable *** results show that the proposed contact approach can well describe the phenomenon of soil-structure interaction problems.

关键词： Material point method Soil-structure interaction Numerical simulation Contact algorithm

Overexpression of Kdm6b induces testicular differentiation in a temperature-dependent sex determination system

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Zoological Research 2024年第5期45卷 1108-1115页

作者： Qiran Chen Wei Sun Lin Jin Yingjie Zhou Fang Li Chutian Ge College of Biological and Environmental Sciences Zhejiang Wanli UniversityNingboZhejiang 315100China institute of Animal Sex and Development Zhejiang Wanli UniversityNingboZhejiang 315100China

In reptiles,such as the red-eared slider turtle(Trachemys scripta elegans),gonadal sex determination is highly dependent on the environmental temperature during embryonic *** complex process,which leads to differentiation into either testes or ovaries,is governed by the finely tuned expression of upstream genes,notably the testis-promoting gene Dmrt1 and the ovary-promoting gene *** studies have identified epigenetic regulation as a crucial factor in testis development,with the H3K27me3 demethylase KDM6B being essential for Dmrt1 expression in ***,whether KDM6B alone can induce testicular differentiation remains *** this study,we found that overexpression of Kdm6b in *** embryos induced the male development pathway,accompanied by a rapid increase in the gonadal expression of Dmrt1 at 31°C,a temperature typically resulting in female ***,this sex reversal could be entirely rescued by Dmrt1 *** findings demonstrate that Kdm6b is sufficient for commitment to the male pathway,underscoring its role as a critical epigenetic regulator in the sex determination of the red-eared slider turtle.

关键词： Temperature-dependent sex determination Sex reversal Kdm6b Dmrt1 T.s.elegans

End-group modulation of phenazine based non-fullerene acceptors for efficient organic solar cells with high open-circuit voltage

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Journal of Energy Chemistry 2024年第1期88卷 461-468,I0011页

作者： Yahui Zhang Yafeng Li Ruixiang Peng Yi Qiu Jingyu Shi Zhenyu Chen Jinfeng Ge Cuifen Zhang Zheng Tang Ziyi Ge School of Materials Science and Engineering Shanghai UniversityShanghai 200444China Zhejiang Business Technology institute Ningbo 315012ZhejiangChina Zhejiang Provincial Engineering Research Center of Energy Optoelectronic Materials and Devices Ningbo Institute of Materials Technology and EngineeringChinese Academy of SciencesNingbo 315201ZhejiangChina Center for Advanced Low-dimension Materials College of Materials Science and EngineeringDonghua UniversityShanghai 201620China

Phenazine-based non-fullerene acceptors(NFAs)have demonstrated great potential in improving the power conversion efficiency(PCE)of organic solar cells(OSCs).Halogenation is known to be an effective strategy for increasing optical absorption,refining energy levels,and improving molecular packing in organic ***,a series of NFAs(Pz IC-4H,Pz IC-4F,Pz IC-4Cl,Pz IC-2Br)with phenazine as the central core and with/without halogen-substituted(dicyanomethylidene)-indan-1-one(IC)as the electron-accepting end group were synthesized,and the effect of end group matched phenazine central unit on the photovoltaic performance was systematically *** photophysical and morphological analyses revealed that the PM6:Pz IC-4F blend involves efficient exciton dissociation,higher charge collection and transfer rates,better crystallinity,and optimal phase ***,OSCs based on PM6:Pz IC-4F as the active layer exhibited a PCE of 16.48%with an open circuit voltage(Voc)and energy loss of 0.880 V and 0.53 e V,***,this work demonstrated a promising approach by designing phenazine-based NFAs for achieving high-performance OSCs.

关键词： Organic solar cells Non-fullerene acceptor Phenazine Central core End group

Coupling coordinated development among digital economy,regional innovation,and talent employment:A case study in the Hangzhou Metropolitan Circle,China

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Regional Sustainability 2024年第1期5卷 93-106页

作者： QIU Luyi Sharina OSMAN HUA Yidi Department of International Trade and Economics Ningbo PolytechnicNingbo315800China Business School Universiti Kuala LumpurKuala Lumpur50250Malaysia Research institute of Digital Culture and Tourism Ningbo PolytechnicNingbo315800China School of International Studies University of Nottingham Ningbo ChinaNingbo315400China

Coordinative development across various systems,particularly the economic,social,cultural,and human resources subsystems,is a key aspect of urban sustainability and has a direct impact on the quality of *** Hangzhou Metropolitan Circle,comprising Hangzhou City,Huzhou City,Jiaxing City,and Shaoxing City,was the first metropolitan circle approved by the National Development and Reform Commission(NDRC)as a demonstration of economic transformation in *** evaluate the coupling coordination degree of the four cities and analyze the coordinative development in three systems(including digital economy,regional innovation,and talent employment),we collected panel data during 2015–2022 from these four *** development level of the three systems was evaluated by the standard deviation method and comprehensive development *** results are as follows:(1)the level of coupling coordinated development of the three systems in the Hangzhou Metropolitan Circle was relatively low;(2)the coupling coordination degree of the four cities in the Hangzhou Metropolitan Circle showed significant regional differences,among which Hangzhou City was in the leading position,and Huzhou,Jiaxing,and Shaoxing cities made steady but slow progress in the coupling development of the three systems;and(3)the development of digital economy and talent employment needs to be *** study contributes to the coordinative development of Hangzhou Metropolitan Circle by innovatively focusing on the coupling coordination relationship among digital economy,regional innovation,and talent employment,which also meets the industrial layout of Hangzhou Metropolitan *** this way,the optimal allocation and sustainable development of digital economy,regional innovation,and talent employment in the Hangzhou Metropolitan Circle can be achieved.

关键词： Digital economy Regional innovation Talent employment Coupling coordination degree Hangzhou Metropolitan Circle

Evaluation of Nonbreaking Wave-Induced Mixing Parameterization Schemes Based on a One-Dimensional Ocean Model

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Journal of Ocean University of China 2024年第3期23卷 567-576页

作者： TANG Ran HUANG Chuanjiang DAI Dejun WANG Gang The First institute of oceanography Ministry of Natural ResourcesQingdao 266061China Laboratory for Regional oceanography and Numerical Modeling Laoshan LaboratoryQingdao 266237China Shandong Key Laboratory of Marine Science and Numerical Modeling Qingdao 266061China

Surface waves have a considerable effect on vertical mixing in the upper *** the past two decades,the vertical mixing induced through nonbreaking surface waves has been used in ocean and climate models to improve the simulation of the upper *** far,several nonbreaking wave-induced mixing parameterization schemes have been proposed;however,no quantitative comparison has been performed among *** this paper,a one-dimensional ocean model was used to compare the performances of five schemes,including those of Qiao et al.(Q),Hu and Wang(HW),Huang and Qiao(HQ),Pleskachevsky et al.(P),and Ghantous and Babanin(GB).Similar to previous studies,all of these schemes can decrease the simulated sea surface temperature(SST),increase the subsurface temperature,and deepen the mixed layer,thereby alleviating the common thermal deviation problem of the ocean model for upper ocean *** these schemes,the HQ scheme exhibited the weakest wave-induced mixing effect,and the HW scheme exhibited the strongest effect;the other three schemes exhibited roughly the same *** particular,the Q and P schemes exhibited nearly the same *** the simulation based on observations from the Ocean Weather Station Papa,the HQ scheme exhibited the best performance,followed by the Q *** the experiment with the HQ scheme,the root-mean-square deviation of the simulated SST from the observations was 0.43℃,and the mixed layer depth(MLD)was 2.0 *** a contrast,the deviations of the SST and MLD reached 1.25℃ and 8.4 m,respectively,in the experiment without wave-induced mixing.

关键词： wave-induced mixing surface waves sea surface temperature mixed layer depth General Ocean Turbulence Model