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The chlorine evolution reaction promoted by organocatalysts with amide functional groups

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Science China chemistry 2024年第3期67卷 749-750页

作者： Lan Zhao Liang-Nian He State Key Laboratory and institute of Elemento-Organic chemistry College of ChemistryNankai UniversityTianjin 300071China

Since the nineteenth century, the chlor-alkali process entails the electrochemical oxidation of sodium chloride solutions to Cl_(2) by the chlorine evolution reaction(CER) and the simultaneous production of sodium hyd... 详细信息

关键词： chlorine hydroxide promoted

Major- and Trace- Element chemistry of Clinopyroxene and Amphibole from High-Mg Diorite in Chelyabinsk Massif(Urals): Insights into Petrogenesis and Magma Source Constraints

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Journal of Earth Science 2024年

作者： Tatiana Osipova Gennadiy Kallistov Maria Chervyakovskaya Vasiliy Chervyakovskiy Zavaritsky institute of Geology and Geochemistry，Ural Branch of ras

Field- and petrographic investigations， together with microanalytical major- and trace-element studies， were carried out on clinopyroxene and amphibole from high-Mg diorite in the subduction-related Chelyabinsk granitic massif to understand its petrogenesis and source. The clinopyroxene composition (high Mg#， Cr-content， sum of REE and Ti/Eu ratio; depletion in HREE; negative Eu-anomaly) indicates that it formed from a reduced melt derived from a mantle source metasomatized by fluids/melts having crustal affinity. Melt compositions in equilibrium with clinopyroxene and amphibole were calculated using solid/liquid partition coefficients. The high Nb/Y and Zr/Y ratio values of a liquid simulated from clinopyroxene， which appears to have very similar characteristics to sanukitoid melts， indicate a low degree of melting of the mantle source. Melt simulated from amphibole is more evolved and more felsic (dacitic). It displays a geochemical “amphibole fractionation” signature， indicating the peritectic transformation of clinopyroxene to amphibole in the lower crust. Rock textures and major element mineral compositions suggest that further amphibole was precipitated directly from the melt in the middle crust. The results show that the Chelyabinsk high-Mg diorite was probably formed as a cumulate from sanukitoid-like melt during its ascent and cooling below dacitic liquidus inside the amphibole stability field.

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Polyoxometalate-based flexible conductive materials with superionic conductivity

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Science China chemistry 2024年第10期67卷 3299-3309页

作者： Yuxin Wang Shuping Xue Jun Geng Ying Lu Teng Li Xiaozheng Duan Xue Bai Yanli Yang Jingqi Yang Shuxia Liu Key Laboratory of Polyoxometalate and Reticular Material chemistry of Ministry of Education College of ChemistryNortheast Normal University State Key Laboratory of Polymer Physics and chemistry Changchun Institute of Applied ChemistryChinese Academy of Sciences

Flexible ion-conductive materials exhibit intriguing advantages for applications in flexible electronic ***,the further enhancement of their conductivity within environmental limitations is an urgent demand for the development of flexible electronic devices,yet remains as a great ***,we report a“dual-acid”strategy,via the encapsulation of two acids,H3PW12O40（HPW） and NH2SO3H（SA）,with synergistic interaction into poly（vinyl alcohol）-glycerol（PVA-Gly） hydrogel,to achieve polyoxometalate（POM）-based flexible materials with superionic conductivity under various environmental *** a representative example,the prepared PVA-Gly/HPW-SA-20% hydrogel presents an ultrahigh proton conductivity ranging from -30℃(3.33×10-2S cm-1) to room temperature(2.78×10-1S cm-1) under ambient ***,the PVA-Gly/HPW-SA-20% hydrogel exhibits remarkable advantages in anti-freezing,mechanical flexibility and self-adhesiveness,making it a promising multifunctional electrolyte for flexible electronic *** experimental results and molecular dynamics（MD） simulations jointly demonstrate that SA bridges HPW clusters to form a dense proton transport pathway induced by multiple electrostatic and hydrogen bonding interactions between SA and HPW counterparts,which contributes to the high-level proton conductivity of the PVA-Gly/HPW-SA-20% *** work provides new insights into the design of POM-based flexible materials with superionic conductivity.

关键词： polyoxometalates proton conduction dual-acid effect hydrogel molecular dynamics simulation

Model of fractured medium and nondestructive control of composite materials

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Chinese Journal of Aeronautics 2024年第2期37卷 93-99页

作者： Vasily GOLUBEV Ilia NIKITIN Katerina BEKLEMYSHEVA Department of Computers Science and Numerical Mathematics Moscow Institute of Physics and TechnologyDolgoprudny 141700Russia Mathematical Modeling and Management Department of InformatizationInstitute of Computer Aided Design RASMoscow 123056Russia

Non-destructive testing of composites is an important issue in the modern aircraft *** are susceptible to the barely visible impact damage which can affect the residual strength of the material and occurs both during production and *** continuum model for describing the damaged zone is *** slip theory relations used for a continuous distribution of slip planes are *** the initial stage,the isotropic background model is *** model allows the material slippage along the fractures based on the Coulomb friction law with the small viscous *** this regime,the govern system of equations becomes *** overcome this difficulty,the explicit-implicit grid-characteristic scheme is *** standard ultrasound diagnostic procedure of damaged composite materials is successfully *** with the trivial free-surface fracture model,different reactions on the compression and stretch waves are *** approach provided an effective way for the simulation of complex dynamic behavior of damage zones.

关键词： Non-destructive testing Composite materials Numerical modeling Continuum model Grid-characteristic method

Ink-structing the future of vascular tissue engineering:a review of the physiological bioink design

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Bio-Design and Manufacturing 2024年第2期7卷 181-205页

作者： Judith Synofzik Sebastian Heene Rebecca Jonczyk Cornelia Blume institute for Technical chemistry Leibniz University Hannover30167 HannoverGermany

Three-dimensional(3D)printing and bioprinting have come into view for a plannable and standardizable generation of implantable tissue-engineered constructs that can substitute native tissues and *** tissue-engineered structures are intended to integrate with the patient’s *** tissue engineering(TE)is relevant in TE because it supports the sustained oxygenization and nutrition of all tissue-engineered *** have a specific role,representingthenecessarymedium for printability and vascular cell *** review aims to understand the requirements for the design of vascular ***,an in-depth analysis of vascular cell interaction with their native environment must be gained.A physiological bioink suitable for a tissue-engineered vascular graft(TEVG)must not only ensure good printability but also induce cells to behave like in a native vascular vessel,including self-regenerative and growth *** review describes the general structure of vascular walls with wall-speciﬁc cell and extracellular matrix(ECM)components and biomechanical properties and ***,the physiological role of vascular ECM components for their interaction with vascular cells and the mode of interaction is *** currently available or imaginable bioinks are described from physiological matrix proteins to nonphysiologically occurring but natural chemical compounds useful for vascular *** physiological performance of these bioinks is evaluated with regard to biomechanical properties postprinting,with a view to current animal studies of 3D printed vascular ***,the main challenges for further bioink development,suitable bioink components to create a self-assembly bioink concept,and future bioprinting strategies are *** concepts are discussed in terms of their suitability to be part of a TEVG with a high potential for later clinical use.

关键词： Vascular wall histology Vascular cells Microenvironment Extracellular matrix Cell–matrix interaction Bioink Printability

Modularized viromimetic polymer nanoparticle vaccines(VPNVaxs) to elicit durable and effective humoral immune responses

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National Science Review 2024年第03期11卷 200-214页

作者： Zichao Huang Xinyu Zhuang Liping Liu Jiayu Zhao Sheng Ma Xinghui Si Zhenyi Zhu Fan Wu Ningyi Jin Mingyao Tian Wantong Song Xuesi Chen Key Laboratory of Polymer Ecomaterials Changchun Institute of Applied ChemistryChinese Academy of Sciences School of Applied chemistry and Engineering University of Science and Technology of China Changchun Veterinary Research institute Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences Jilin Biomedical Polymers Engineering Laboratory State Key Laboratory of Polymer Physics and chemistry Changchun Institute of Applied Chemistry Chinese Academy of Sciences

Virus-like particle(VLP) vaccines had shown great potential during the COVID-19 pandemic, and was thought to be the next generation of antiviral vaccine technology due to viromimetic structures. However,the time-consuming and complicated processes in establishing a current recombinant-protein–based VLP vaccine has limited its quick launch to the out-bursting pandemic. To simplify and optimize VLP vaccine design, we herein report a kind of viromimetic polymer nanoparticle vaccine(VPNVax), with subunit receptor-binding domain(RBD) proteins conjugated to the surface of polyethylene glycol-b-polylactic acid(PEG-b-PLA) nanoparticles for vaccination against SARS-CoV-2. The preparation of VPNVax based on synthetic polymer particle and chemical post-conjugation makes it possible to rapidly replace the antigens and construct matched vaccines at the emergence of different viruses. Using this modular preparation system, we identified that VPNVax with surface protein coverage of 20%–25% had the best immunostimulatory activity, which could keep high levels of specific antibody titers over 5 months and induce virus neutralizing activity when combined with an aluminum adjuvant. Moreover, the polymer nano-vectors could be armed with more immune-adjuvant functions by loading immunostimulant agents or chemical chirality design. This VPNVax platform provides a novel kind of rapidly producing and efficient vaccine against different variants of SARS-CoV-2 as well as other viral pandemics.

关键词： vaccine polymer nanomaterials SARS-CoV-2

Arctic Sea Ice Variations in the First Half of the 20th Century:A New Reconstruction Based on Hydrometeorological Data

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Advances in Atmospheric Sciences 2024年第8期41卷 1483-1495,1686-1693页

作者： Vladimir A.SEMENOV Tatiana A.ALDONINA Fei LI Noel Sebastian KEENLYSIDE Lin WANG A.M.Obukhov institute of Atmospheric Physics ras Moscow 119017Russia institute of Geography ras Moscow 119017Russia Geophysical institute University of Bergen and Bjerknes Centre for Climate ResearchBergen 5007Norway Nansen Environmental and Remote Sensing Center Bergen 5007Norway Center for Monsoon System Research Institute of Atmospheric PhysicsChinese Academy of SciencesBeijing 100029China

The shrinking Arctic sea-ice area(SIA) in recent decades is a striking manifestation of the ongoing climate *** of the Arctic sea ice have been continuously observed by satellites since 1979, relatively well monitored since the 1950s, but are highly uncertain in the earlier period due to a lack of observations. Several reconstructions of the historical gridded sea-ice concentration(SIC) data were recently presented based on synthesized regional sea-ice observations or by applying a hybrid model–empirical approach. Here, we present an SIC reconstruction for the period1901–2019 based on established co-variability between SIC and surface air temperature, sea surface temperature, and sea level pressure patterns. The reconstructed sea-ice data for March and September are compared to the frequently used Had ISST1.1 and SIBT1850 datasets. Our reconstruction shows a large decrease in SIA from the 1920 to 1940 concurrent with the Early 20th Century Warming event in the Arctic. Such a negative SIA anomaly is absent in Had ISST1.1 data. The amplitude of the SIA anomaly reaches about 0.8 mln km^(2) in March and 1.5 mln km^(2) in September. The anomaly is about three times stronger than that in the SIBT1850 dataset. The larger decrease in SIA in September is largely due to the stronger SIC reduction in the western sector of the Arctic Ocean in the 70°–80°N latitudinal zone. Our reconstruction provides gridded monthly data that can be used as boundary conditions for atmospheric reanalyses and model experiments to study the Arctic climate for the first half of the 20th century.

关键词： Arctic sea ice Arctic climate early 20th century warming climate variability

Potential industrial applications of photo/electrocatalysis: Recent progress and future challenges

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Green Energy & Environment 2024年第5期9卷 859-876页

作者： Jinhao Li Jing Ren Shaoquan Li Guangchao Li Molly Meng-Jung Li Rengui Li Young Soo Kang Xiaoxin Zou Yong Luo Bin Liu Yufei Zhao State Key Laboratory of Chemical Resource Engineering Beijing University of Chemical TechnologyBeijing100029China Quzhou institute for Innovation in Resource Chemical Engineering Quzhou324000China State Key Laboratory of Organic-inorganic Composites Beijing University of Chemical TechnologyBeijing100029China Department of Applied Physics The Hong Kong Polytechnic UniversityHong Kong999077China State Key Laboratory of Catalysis Dalian Institute of Chemical PhysicsChinese Academy of SciencesDalian National Laboratory for Clean EnergyZhongshan Road 457Dalian116023China Environmental and Climate Technology Track of Korea institute of Energy Korea Institute of Energy TechnologyNaju-siJeollanam do58217Republic of Korea State Key Laboratory of inorganic Synthesis and Preparative chemistry College of ChemistryJilin UniversityChangchun130012China

Nowadays,the rapid development of the social economy inevitably leads to global energy and environmental *** this reason,more and more scholars focus on the development of photocatalysis and/or electrocatalysis technology for the advantage in the sustainable production of high-value-added products,and the high efﬁciency in pollutants *** there is plenty of outstanding research has been put forward continuously,most of them focuses on catalysis performance and reaction mechanisms in laboratory *** industrial application of photo/electrocatalytic processes is still a challenge that needs to be overcome by social *** this regard,this review comprehensively summarized several explorations in theﬁeld of photo/electrocatalytic reduction towards potential industrial applications in recent *** attention is paid to the successful attempts and the current status of photo/electrocatalytic water splitting,carbon dioxide conversion,resource utilization from waste,etc.,by using advanced *** key problems and challenges of photo/electrocatalysis in future industrial practice are also discussed,and the possible development directions are also pointed out from the industry view.

关键词： Photocatalysis Electrocatalysis Industrial applications H2 economy

General radical difluoromethylation using difluoroacetic anhydride via photoredox catalysis

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Science China chemistry 2024年第8期67卷 2637-2646页

作者： Meng He Yankai Yang Heng Zhang Zhipeng Guan Zhi-Bing Dong Hong Yi Aiwen Lei School of chemistry and Environmental Engineering Wuhan Institute of TechnologyWuhan 430205China College of chemistry and Molecular Sciences and institute for Advanced Studies(IAS) Wuhan UniversityWuhan 430072China

CF_(2)H-containing molecules play pivotal roles in diverse fields from medicinal chemistry to materials science. However, the application of existing CF_(2)H reagents as a source of CF_(2)H radical is limited by their reactivity and preparation. Herein, we develop a simple and general visible-light-catalyzed radical difluoromethylation reaction of alkenes, dienes, and heteroaromatics using commercially available, easy-to-handle, and low-cost difluoroacetic anhydride as the CF_(2)H reagent. This scalable protocol enables the convenient synthesis of a range of CF_(2)H-containing compounds under mild conditions, exhibiting a broad substrate scope and functional group tolerance. Potential applications are further demonstrated by gram-scale synthesis, sunlight experiments, derivatization experiments as well as the synthesis of bioactive molecules.

关键词： radical difluoromethylation alkenes/dienes/heteroaromatics difluoroacetic anhydride photoredox