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Occurrence of Extended Spectrum Beta Lactamase Encoding Genes among Urinary Pathogenic <i>Escherichia coli</i>and <i>Klebsiella pneumoniae</i>Isolates Obtained from a Tertiary Hospital in Gombe Nigeria

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Journal of Biosciences and Medicines 2020年第9期8卷 42-55页

作者： Adamu Yarima Ali Ahmed Haroun Timothy Bulus Mohammed M. Manga Department of Plant Science Bioresource Development Center Michika National Biotechnology Development Agency Abuja Nigeria Department of Biological Sciences Nigerian Defence Academy Kaduna Nigeria Department of Biochemistry Kaduna State University Kaduna Nigeria Department of Medical Microbiology and Immunology Gombe State University and Federal Teaching Hospital Gombe Gombe Nigeria

This study was conducted to assess the occurrence and nature of extended-spectrum beta lactamase (ESBL) producing Escherichia coli and Klebsiella pneumoniae isolates from patients who presented with urinary tract infection at Federal Teaching Hospital Gombe. Isolates collected were recovered on MacConkey agar at 35°C and were identified as members of Enterobacteriaceae, and further screened for antimicrobial susceptibility and resistance by disc diffusion method. Isolates resistant to oxyimino-cephalosporins were confirmed as ESBL producers using Double Disks Synergy Test (DDST). The study shows 66% resistance to ceftriaxone (30 μg) in K. pneumoniae, which was the highest value recorded and a 51% resistance to cefpodoxime (10 μg) in E. coli. The sensitivity of E. coli and K. pneumoniae isolates to cefpodoxime (10 μg) were 49% and 33.9% respectively. ESBLs were detected among 40% (40/100) of E. coli and 54.13% (59/109) of K. pneumoniae isolates. Molecular characterization of ESBL encoding genes among E. coli isolates using multiplex-PCR showed 10% prevalence of SHV gene and 5% prevalence for CTX-M gene while TEM gene was not detected. In K. pneumoniae isolates, 5% prevalence was recorded for each of the three genes screened. The study revealed a co-occurrence of SHV and CTX-M in 75% of the E. coli and 70% of the K. pneumoniae isolates;the occurrence of all the three genes was seen in 10% and 5% of K. pneumoniae and E. coli respectively. Multiplex-PCR method provided an efficient and rapid detection of ESBL related genes, hence could be used in epidemiological studies among ESBL isolates. Monitoring dissemination and transmissions of ESBL producers are highly recommended for optimum patient care and preventing the spread of multidrug resistant (MDR) pathogens.

关键词： ESBL Double Disk Synergy Test M-PCR TEM SHV CTX-M Genes Nigeria

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Spatiotemporal Analysis of Land Use Land Cover Mapping and Change Detection in Dambatta Local Government Area

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Journal of Geographical Research 2023年第3期6卷 18-28页

作者： David Sesugh Aule Mamman Saba Jibril Ali Hussain Idris Department of Geography Nigerian Defence AcademyKadunaPMB 2109Nigeria nigerian Airforce Headquarters AbujaPMB 0244Nigeria

This research studied the spatiotemporal changes in land use(LU)/land cover(LC)in Dambatta local government area,with a view to identifying the effect arising from the observable changes in land use *** imageries used in the study were obtained from the National Space Research and Development Agency(NARSDA),*** analytical techniques and descriptive statistical techniques were employed to analyze the *** results showed 66.8%reduction in agricultural lands,45.5%reduction in vegetation cover,223.2%increase in built-up areas,269.1%increase in bare lands and 70%increase in water bodies within the 20 ***-temporal analysis of the three imageries revealed that agricultural lands were largely been taken over by urbanization while vegetation had rapidly given way to bare lands within the 20 *** was observed that these changes resulted from anthropogenic activities,environmental factors and climate *** result in the loss of farmlands,inadequate food supply,unemployment,inadequate industrial raw materials,reduction in revenue generated,forest depletion,desertification,wildlife extinction and temperature *** it is recommended that reforestation,land reclamation and irrigation agriculture should be promoted in the area,it is also suggested that further research should focus on the impact of climate change on land cover change in the area.

关键词： Dambatta GIS Land cover Land use Spatio-temporal changes

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The Horizontal Loop Electromagnetic(HLEM)Response of Ifewara Transcurrent Fault,Southwestern Nigeria:A Computational Results

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Journal of Geological Research 2021年第3期3卷 3-13页

作者： A.A.Adepelumi O.B.Olayiwola D.E.Falebita O.Afolabi B.O Soyinka J.Obokoh Department of Geology Obafemi Awolowo UniversityIle-IfeNigeria nigerian defence academy KadunaNigeria Terracon SeattleWashington DCUSA Sam Houston State University SpringTexasUSA

The need to accurately interpret geological models that approximate mineralized zones in a Basement Complex terrain necessitate the development of horizon loop electromagnetic method(HLEM)forward modeling solutions for such *** focus of the present work is on finding rapid forward modeling solutions for synthetic HLEM data as an aid in exploration for moderate to deep conductive mineral exploration *** main thrust is obtaining idealized HLEM models that are required for geological interpretation of the subsurface in such *** original HLEM equations developed by Wesley were extended to represent a horizontally stratified earth with a conductive approximated by shear *** these equations a computer program was written to calculate the HLEM responses for optimal conductor model with known values of coil separations(L),depth of burial(z)and angle of dip of the *** thin conductive model was used because it is simple and suitable for different geological *** accuracy of the approximate forward solution has been confirmed for HLEM systems with various geometric ranges,frequencies and *** models having varying overburden thickness,dip angle of target and source-receiver separation were used in the forward *** effect of varying the dip angle,overburden thickness and coil separation was studied in all the three models *** result obtained from the forward modeling showed that variation of the dip angle gave rise to changes in the amplitudes of the anomalies generated,while that of overburden and coil separation gave rise to changes in anomaly ***,the geometry and position of the causative body were precisely delineated.

关键词： Mineralized Conductor Overburden HLEM Modeling Basement complex

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Immune System and Body defence Enhancement Effects of Oral Dihydroartemisinin in Wistar Albino Rats

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Journal of Pharmacy and Pharmacology 2014年第7期2卷 416-421页

作者： A. Utoh-Nedosa Uchechukwu A. Akah Peter Nedosa S. Kenechi Anowi F. Chinedu Adeyanju N.Oluwafemi NedosaV. Ikenna Onyekwelu N.A. Ojemudia Thiophilus Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology Nnamdi Azikiwe University Awka Anambra State Nigeria Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology University of Nigeria Nsukka Enugu State Nigeria Evangelical Churches of West Africa Hospital (ECWA) Egbe Kogi State Nigeria Department of Pharmacognosy and Traditional Medicine Nnamdi Azikiwe University Awka Anambra State Nigeria Department of Parasitology Veterinary Research Institute Vom Plateau State Nigeria Department of lndustrial Microbiology Federal University of Technology Owerri Imo State Nigeria Department of Biochemistry Nigerian Institute of Trypanosome Research Vom Plateau State Nigeria

Some drugs like clozapine, interferons and cyclosporine affect the number and function of white blood cells. This study examined the effect of oral dihydroartemisinin on the white blood cells; the lymph and intestinal glands of the intestinal wall and the open circulation of the spleen of Wistar albino rats. Five dosages of oral DHA （dihydroartemisinin）, 1, 2, 60 and 80 ms/ks were administered for 5 days or 7 days to 10 sets of 5 test rats weighing 104-106 grams. Equivalent doses of distilled water were given to 4 rats of similar weight and age to serve as controls in each of these tests. A group of five test and four control young adult albino rats which weighed 75-90 grams were given a repeated dose of the 1 ms/ks oral DHA with a rest period of 1 week between the two dosage regimens. The results of the study showed that oral dihydroartemisinin treatment produced highly statistically significant increases in the percentage neutrophil count （P 〈 0.01 ）; the percentage lymphocyte count （P 〈 0.01, P 〈 0.03）; the percentage monocyte count; the population of the cells of the intestinal glands and intestinal solitary and aggregated lymph glands; the number of the cells of the slow and open circulation of the spleen of the dihyrdroartemisinin-treated rats in comparism with the controls. These increases were dose, dose repetition and time dependent. The results suggest that oral dihydroartemisinin treatment had immune defence enhancement effects in the treated rats.

关键词： Immune system enhancement body defence oral dihydroartemisinin rats.

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