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A Cross-Sectional Study on the Impact of Operation Triple Zero (OTZ) Program on Viral Load Suppression amongst Members of the Adolescent Club in 68 nigerian Army Reference Hospital Yaba Lagos, Nigeria

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World Journal of AIDS 2024年第2期14卷 35-44页

作者： Nkechinyere Harrison Ismail Lawal Yakubu Adamu Kehinde Aribisala Adegbenga Olarinoye Uzoamaka Agbaim Funmilayo Owolabi Dooshima Okonkwo Laura Chittenden Nathan Okeji Centre for Infectious Disease Clinic 68 Nigerian Army Reference Hospital Lagos Nigeria United States Army Medical Research Directorate-Africa Abuja Nigeria Henry Jackson Foundation Medical Research International LTD/GTE Abuja Nigeria nigerian Ministry of defence Health Implementation Program Abuja Nigeria

Background: In Nigeria, adolescents and young people (AYP) aged 10 - 24, comprise 22.3% of the population and with HIV prevalence of 3.5%. The AYP living with HIV enrolled at the 68 NARHY, Lagos reflects the national challenges with poor viral suppression. The OTZ program aligns with the UNAIDS 95-95-95 goals. It seeks to empower AYPLHIV to be in charge of their treatment and commit to triple zero outcomeszero missed appointments, zero missed drugs, and zero viral loads. The purpose of the study was to assess the impact of the OTZ program on viral load suppression among members of the adolescent club in 68 NARHY, Lagos. Method: A cross-sectional retrospective study to evaluate the impact of the OTZ program on the viral load of 53 AYP enrolled in the OTZ program between March 2019 to December 2019 was analyzed. The Percentage of viral load suppression before enrollment compared with 6 and 12 months after enrollment into the OTZ program. The AYP is grouped into 10 - 14, 15 - 19, and 20 - 24 years. Activities conducted were peer driven monthly meetings with the AYP during which the adolescents interacted on issues relating to improving their treatment outcomes, healthcare workers reviewed their clinical status, viral load result, provider peer counseling, and caregivers engagement to support adherence to medication and ARV refills. Results: Before OTZ, 81% aged 10 - 14 years, 75% aged 15 - 19 years, and 25% aged 20 - 24 years were virally suppressed (VL less than 1000 copies/ml). Six months after enrollment, 94% were virally suppressed95% aged 10 - 14 years, 96% aged 15 - 19 years, and 66% aged 20-24 years. Twelve months after enrollment, 96% of AYP were virally suppressed100% aged 10-14 years, 93% aged 15 - 19 years, and 100% aged 20 - 24 years. Males viral load (VL) suppression improved from 79% to 96% and 92%, while females VL suppression improved from 69% to 93% and 100% at 6 and 12 months respectively. Conclusion: The OTZ activities contributed to improved viral l

关键词： Impact Operation Triple Zero Adolescent Viral Load Nigeria

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Optimal Distribution of N-Team Interacting Decision Makers with Hierarchical Command Inputs That Are Predicated on Order Statistics

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Open Journal of Optimization 2019年第1期8卷 1-14页

作者： Michael Olatunji Oladejo Uchenwa Linus Okafor Darius Tienhua Chinyio Celestine Ozoemena Uwa nigerian defence academy Kaduna Nigeria

The spectral analysis of simulated N-team of interacting decision makers with bounded rationality constraints of Oladejo, which assumes triangular probability density function of command inputs is hereby restructured and analysed, to have hierarchical command inputs that are predicated on order statistics distributions. The results give optimal distributions.

关键词： Decision Maker Command and Control Bounded Rationality Constraints Hierarchical Conditional Probability Density Function Situation Report Computational Intelligence and Information Management

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Spatial Accessibility of Emergency Facilities to Road Accident Victims in Federal Capital City

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Journal of Geoscience and Environment Protection 2023年第2期11卷 135-150页

作者： David Sesugh Aule Mamman Saba Jibril Badiatu Danladi Garba nigerian defence academy Kaduna Nigeria

This paper studied the spatial accessibility of emergency facilities to road accident victims in Federal Capital City to determine the sufficiency of existing emergency health care facilities and rescue facilities in servicing accident victims. This is useful for developing means of saving the lives of accident victims in the Federal Fapital City (FCC). The data used comprised of nigerian Sat II 2013 multispectral imagery (5 m multispectral and 2.5 m Panchromatic) of FCC obtained from the National Space Research and Development Agency (NARSDA), coordinates of seventy (70) accident black spots, five (5) zebra points and sixteen (16) emergency health care facilities obtained from Federal Road Safety Commission (FRSC). ArcGIS 10.0 software was used to display, visualize, identify and extract features from the imagery, and create maps from different layers of the spatial data, choose colors and symbols, create buffer zones, analyze spatial relationships, and design map layouts. Purposeful sampling method was adopted to administer 99 questionnaires to accident victims in the hospitals within the FCC. The spatial data were used to determine the time of rescue, type of rescue and coverage time of rescue operation. The statistical data were used to assess the spatio-temporal distribution of accidents and determine the level of response by the rescue teams. The results show that accident victims have adequate access to health facilities but inadequate access to zebra points, and passers-by have more effective accident response than the government action agencies. Specific points for the creation of additional zebra points were identified through buffering, and the creation of sustainable Good Samaritan programs and training for community persons in first aid were suggested. Meanwhile, further research to determine the impact of time of rescue, type of rescue and category of hospital on the accident victims was suggested.

关键词： Accident Accessibility Emergency Facility Rescue Geographic Information System (GIS)

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The Spatial Patterns of Road Traffic Crash Black Spots and Emergency Facilities in Federal Capital City

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Journal of Geoscience and Environment Protection 2023年第2期11卷 121-134页

作者： Mamman Saba Jibril David Sesugh Aule Badiatu Danladi Garba nigerian defence academy Kaduna Nigeria

This study aimed at determining the spatial patterns of Road Traffic Crash (RTC) black spots, Federal Road Safety Commission (FRSC) zebra points and emergency health care facilities in Federal Capital City (FCC). The aim was to provide stakeholders with information that will aid their understanding of accident prone locations and accessible rescue possibilities for accident victims on the roads in FCT. GPS Map 76S Mark (GARMIN) was used to locate and pick coordinates of data in the study area. A total of 16 possible emergency health care facilities, seventy (70) RTC black spots and Five Zebra point locations were obtained from FRSC. ArcGIS 10.0 was used to compute the data by plotting the coordinates to produce maps of the spatial relationship and to carry out Nearest Neighbour Analysis (NNA). The result was further used to determine the spatial patterns of RTC black spots as well as patterns of the emergency facilities. Generally, the result shows that the spatial trend is turning towards dispersion. However, there is less than 1% likelihood that the dispersed patterns could be the result of random chance. It was recommended that, the Federal Road Safety Commission should be staffed with trained professionals that can be responsible for accident data surveillance and analysis using geospatial techniques.

关键词： Accident Black Spot Emergency Pattern Spatial Zebra Point

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Analytical and Numerical Computations of Multi-Solitons in the Korteweg-de Vries (KdV) Equation

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Applied Mathematics 2020年第7期11卷 511-531页

作者： Hycienth O. Orapine Emem Ayankop-Andi Godwin J. Ibeh Department of Mathematical Sciences Nigerian Defence Academy Kaduna Nigeria Department of Physics Nigerian Defence Academy Kaduna Nigeria

In this paper, an analytical and numerical computation of multi-solitons in Korteweg-de Vries (KdV) equation is presented. The KdV equation, which is classic of all model equations of nonlinear waves in the soliton phenomena, is described. In the analytical computation, the multi-solitons in KdV equation are computed symbolically using computer symbolic manipulator—Wolfram Mathematica via Hirota method because of the lengthy algebraic computation in the method. For the numerical computation, Crank-Nicolson implicit scheme is used to obtain numerical algorithm for the KdV equation. The simulations of solitons in MATLAB as well as results concerning collision or interactions between solitons are presented. Comparing the analytical and numerical solutions, it is observed that the results are identically equal with little ripples in solitons after a collision in the numerical simulations;however there is no significant effect to cause a change in their properties. This supports the existence of solitons solutions and the theoretical assertion that solitons indeed collide with one another and come out without change of properties or identities.

关键词： Korteweg-de Vries Equation Solitons Hirota Method Crank-Nicolson Method

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Geospatial Assessment of the Contributions of the Major Stakeholders to Secondary Schools in Some Parts of Benue State, Nigeria

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International Journal of Geosciences 2022年第3期13卷 244-258页

作者： David Sesugh Aule Mamman Saba Jibril Taiye Oluwafemi Adewuyi Department of Geography Nigerian Defence Academy Kaduna Nigeria

This study assessed the contributions of the major stakeholders to secondary school education in some parts of Benue State using geospatial techniques. It aimed at producing a queriable spatial database of secondary schools which could be used as a guide for resource distribution and management in the school system. The study adopted, survey, field observation and measurement using Global Positioning System (GPS) to obtain the needed data. Geographic Information System (GIS) and descriptive statistical techniques were employed to map, visualize and analyze the data. The result shows that the private sector has the highest contribution to secondary schools in the area. In the private sector, the private individuals have the highest contributions to secondary school in the area both by ownership, sponsorship and size (student population). The implication is that the system will suffer exploitation by the dominant private individuals in the system. It was recommended that further research should be conducted to assess the relationship between government efforts and other stakeholders on the spatial distribution of secondary schools in the study area.

关键词： GIS GPS Spatial Database Query Stakeholders Sponsorship Ownership

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Network Analysis of Road Traffic Crash and Rescue Operations in Federal Capital City

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International Journal of Geosciences 2023年第1期14卷 36-51页

作者： Mamman Saba Jibril David Sesugh Aule Badiatu Danladi Garba Taye Oluwafemi Adewuyi Department of Geography Nigerian Defence Academy Kaduna Nigeria

Abuja is witnessing an upsurge of victims from Road Traffic Crash (RTC) which is mostly due to the attendant rapid increase in the volume of vehicles, traffic jams, bad driving, over speeding, insufficient road signs and bad conditions of vehicles that ply the roads. The problem is compounded by a lack of early emergency response. Geographic Information System (GIS) based travel time model was applied in the street network analysis to identify RTC black spots that are outside the close reach of Federal Road Safety Commission (FRSC) rescue points/health facilities in Federal Capital City (FCC). Five minutes, Ten minutes and Fifteen minutes travel times were used as the impedance factor. Remote Sensing and GIS techniques were used to carry out network analysis. This was achieved by conducting the closest facility operation in the ArcGIS network analyst extension using the time of travel from each FRSC zebra point location to the RTC black spot zones/health facility. The results were presented on road network maps and bar graphs. The areas where quick response and medical facilities are insufficient were identified. It was concluded that the available health centres can sufficiently service RTC black spots in FCC, but the FRSC zebra points are insufficient which renders rescue operations inefficient and thereby exposes RTC victims to more danger. In order to ensure that there is sufficient coverage for response times, it was suggested that additional zebra points be created.

关键词： Network Analysis Health Facilities Zebra Points RTC GIS FCC Remote Sensing

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Geostatistical Analysis of Accessibility to Secondary Schools in Parts of Benue State

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Journal of Geographic Information System 2023年第1期15卷 1-18页

作者： David Sesugh Aule Mamman Saba Jibril Taye Oluwafemi Adewuyi Department of Geography Nigerian Defence Academy Kaduna Nigeria

This research studied accessibility to secondary schools in some parts of Benue State. The objective of the study was to determine the level of accessibility to secondary school. The study adopted survey, field observation and measurement to obtain the needed data. The study adopted gravity model as the related theoretical framework. GIS and descriptive statistical techniques were employed to map, visualize and analyze the data. The result shows that accessibility to secondary school in the three Local Government Areas is generally low, though it varies between schools, within and between Local Government Areas. This depicts a very stressful schooling condition for the majority of students, and has far-reaching implications in terms of lack of skilled manpower, inadequate facilities and consequently low standards in the educational system. To ensure effective and valid decision-making, and maintain high standards in the system, it was recommended that equitable and systematic distribution of school facilities should be embraced. Furthermore, more schools should be established in the areas which currently have low accessibility to bridge the accessibility gap and encourage active participation and consistent attendance at schools among the students.

关键词： Accessibility Distance GIS GPS Service Quality Transportation Cost

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A New Eighth Order Implicit Block Algorithms for the Direct Solution of Second Order Ordinary Differential Equations

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American Journal of Computational Mathematics 2014年第4期4卷 376-386页

作者： Ademola M. Badmus Department of Mathematics Nigerian Defence Academy Kaduna Nigeria

This paper focuses on derivation of a uniform order 8 implicit block method for the direct solution of general second order differential equations through continuous coefficients of Linear Multi-step Method (LMM). The continuous formulation and its first derivatives were evaluated at some selected grid and off grid points to obtain our proposed method. The superiority of the method over the existing methods is established numerically.

关键词： Uniform Order Second Order Initial Value Problem Implicit Block Algorithms Zero Stable

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Spatial Analysis for Determining Accessibility to Bus Stops in Kaduna Metropolis

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Journal of Geographic Information System 2022年第1期14卷 78-93页

作者： Paul Itomi-Ushi Daudu Mamman Saba Jibril Jennifer Yashi nigerian Building and Road Research Institute Abuja Nigeria nigerian defence academy Kaduna Nigeria

Bus stop accessibility is a vital component of a successful transportation system. This study aimed at spatially analyzing bus stops to determine their physical accessibility considering the connecting roads surrounding the bus stops. This research used satellite imagery, Global Navigation Satellite System and Kaduna State Traffic and Environment Law Enforcement Authority documents. The spatial analysis covered bus stop accessibility and obtained data of transport routes, bus stop coordinates, bus stop spacing and physical characteristics of bus stops. GIS buffer, network and area analysis was used in measuring bus stop accessibility considering the road network surrounding it. The ratio of ideal access coverage to the actual access coverage of a stop was calculated. Paired sample statistics were used to compare ideal and actual access coverage;the finding revealed a significant difference between the ideal and actual access coverage. A range of 0 - 1.0 was used in the analysis where, a bus stop is less accessible the closer the value is to 0, and more accessible the closer the value is to 1.0. Linear regression statistics was used to determine if the level of accessibility of a bus stop is dependent on the length of roads within the buffer. This revealed that at R = 0.694, a strong degree of correlation exists between the level of accessibility and road length within the buffer. The study concluded that before siting bus stops, surrounding road networks need to be considered in order to make them accessible.

关键词： Accessibility Buffer Network Analysis Ideal Access Coverage Actual Access Coverage

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