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Radial consolidation characteristics of soft undisturbed clay based on large specimens

Journal of Rock Mechanics and Geotechnical Engineering 2018年第6期10卷 1037-1045页

作者： Pankaj Baral Cholachat Rujikiatkamjorn Buddhima Indraratna Richard Kelly Research centre for Geomechanics and Railway Engineering Faculty of Engineering and Information SciencesUniversity of WollongongWollongongNSW2522Australia SMEC-Australia and new zealand Division BrisbaneQueenslandAustralia

In recent years, reconstituted small samples have often been used to assess the performance of radial consolidation due to prefabricated vertical drains(PVDs), but the permeability and compressibility of samples of undisturbed soil often differ from those of the remoulded ones. The problem seems more complex in marine environment due to the presence of random coarse particles including gravels, shells and natural partings. Performing small-scale laboratory experiment with reconstituted samples, especially in marine environment, cannot predict the exact soil behaviour in the field. This paper describes an experimental programme that measures radial consolidation using a conventional Rowe cell and a largescale consolidometer, where the samples of undisturbed soil obtained from a site along the Pacific Highway(north of Sydney) were compared using measured settlements and excess pore ***, this paper highlights the implications of the smear effect and sample size influence, which are imperative in translating the laboratory testing practices to actual real-life behaviour. The effect of vacuum pressure on the coefficient of radial consolidation of a large-scale undisturbed test specimen is also discussed. The paper demonstrates that the extent of smear zone in the field can be very similar to the large-scale laboratory consolidation test using a scaled-down drain and mandrel, but considerably different from the data obtained for small laboratory specimens.

关键词： Consolidation Soft soil Vertical drain Undisturbed clay

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Ecology and management of Bactericera cockerelli and Candidatus Liberibacter solanacearum in new zealand

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Journal of Integrative Agriculture 2020年第2期19卷 333-337页

作者： Jessica VEREIJSSEN Applied Entomology the New Zealand Institute for Plant and Food Research Limited

The psyllid Bactericera cockerelli was first reported in new zealand in 2006 and spread quickly throughout all potato growing *** 2009,*** was associated with the plant pathogenic bacterium Candidatus Liberibacter solanacearum,the putative causal agent of zebra chip disease in *** the psyllid and the bacterium have non-crop host plants which can serve as reservoirs when the crop is not *** apply different management strategies that fit integrated pest management programmes to manage *** and subsequently lower incidence of zebra chip disease in potato *** best management efforts,complete control of *** and zero incidence of zebra chip disease are not achievable at the current time.

关键词： Bactericera cockerelli Candidatus Liberibacter solanacearum potato insect vector

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Ammonia volatilization losses and ^(15)N balance from urea applied to rice on a paddy soil

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Journal of Environmental Sciences 2006年第2期18卷 299-303页

作者： FAN Xiao-hui SONG Yong-sheng LIN De-xi YANG Lin-zhang LUO Jia-fa Institute of Soil Science Chinese Academy of Sciences Nanjing 210008 China Land and Environmental Management Group AgRsearch Ruakura Research Centre East Street Private Bag 3123 Hamilton New Zealand

Ammonia volatilization loss and ^15N balance were studied in a rice field at three different stages after urea application in Taihu Lake area with a micrometeorological technique. Factors such as climate and the NH4^＋-N concentration in the field floodwater affecting ammonia loss were also investigated. Results show that the ammonia loss by volatilization accounted for 18.6%-38.7% of urea applied at different stages, the greatest loss took place when urea was applied at the tillering stage, the smallest at the ear bearing stage, and the intermediate loss at the basal stage. The greatest loss took place within 7 d following the fertilizer application. Ammonia volatilization losses at three fertilization stages were significantly correlated with the ammonium concentration in the field floodwater after the fertilizer was applied. ^15N balance experiment indicated that the use efficiency of urea by rice plants ranged between 24.4% and 28.1%. At the early stage of rice growth, the fertilizer nitrogen use efficiency was rather low, only about 12%. The total amount of nitrogen lost from different fertilization stages in the rice field was 44.1%-54.4%, and the ammonia volatilization loss was 25.4%-33.3%. Reducing ammonia loss is an important treatment for improving N use efficiency.

关键词： ammonia volatilization urea ^15N balance rice influence factors, Taihu region

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Epichloë − a lifeline for temperate grasses under combined drought and insect pressure

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Grass Research 2021年第1期1卷 50-61页

作者： Katrin G.Hewitt Alison J.Popay Rainer W.Hofmann John R.Caradus AgResearch Ltd. Plant Invertebrate InteractionsRuakura Research CentrePrivate Bag 3123Hamilton 3240New Zealand Lincoln University Faculty of Agriculture and Life ScienceLincoln 7647New Zealand Grasslanz Technology Ltd. Private Bag 11008Palmerston North 4442New Zealand

Fungal Epichloëendophytes form symbiotic associations with many temperate grasses,such as Lolium and Festuca,giving their host grasses an ecological *** importance of specific Epichloëendophytes in providing varying levels of protection against invertebrate pests has been well ***,but with fewer studies,the benefits of Epichloëto host grasses in drought events has been ***-infected grasses show an improved persistence against herbivore insect attack as well as resilience under ***,there are relatively few studies that investigate the interaction between drought and insect pressure,and yet it is these combined pressures that can prove detrimental for a ryegrass or fescue *** review examines the current state of knowledge on the effects of Epichloëon the interactions of insects and drought in temperate grasses.

关键词： drought temperate grass

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Donkey whey proteins ameliorate dextran sulfate sodium-induced ulcerative colitis in mice by downregulating the S100A8-TRAF6-NF-κB axis-mediated inflammatory response

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Food Science and Human Wellness 2023年第5期12卷 1809-1819页

作者： Mohan Li Qilong Li Rayhnigul Abdlla Jiali Chen Xiqing Yue Siew Young Quek College of Food Science Shenyang Agricultural UniversityShenyang 110866China College of Animal Science and Veterinary Medicine Shenyang Agricultural UniversityShenyang 110866China Food Science School of Chemical SciencesThe University of AucklandAuckland 1010New Zealand Riddet Institute Centre for Research Excellence in Food ResearchPalmerston North 4474New Zealand

Donkey milk has a variety of physiological functions, including antibacterial and anti-inflammatory. Donkey whey proteins(DWPs), as the main functional component in donkey milk, its inhibitory effect on colitis is still unclear. In this study, the inhibitory effect and potential mechanism of DWPs on dextran sulfate sodium(DSS)-induced colitis were investigated. Firstly, the DWPs and bovine milk whey proteins(BWPs)were characterized using proteomics. Then, we administered DWPs and BWPs to mice with colitis via oral gavage. The results of immunohistochemistry and flow cytometry indicated that DWPs increased T regulatory cell accumulation and increased the abundance of the cluster of differentiation 205+(CD205+)macrophages compared to those with BWPs and in model groups. In addition, DWPs exhibited a more remarkable ability to inhibit pro-inflammatory proteins(S100A8, TRAF6, and NF-κB)expression and inflammatory secretion than BWPs. In addition, DWPs significantly decreased NF-κB and CD86 levels more than BWPs or the negative control in both LPS-stimulated human peripheral blood mononuclear cells or cell lines. These findings indicate that DWPs comprise a promising anti-colitis functional food, and this work has established a foundation for future research on these compounds.

关键词： Donkey milk Proteomics Whey proteins NF-κB

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Female Reproductive Cycles of Phrynocephalus przewalskii (Lacertilia:Agamidae) in the Tengger Desert,China

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Asian Herpetological Research 2011年第1期2卷 30-35页

作者： Wei ZHAO Nannan YU Yajuan WANG Weihong JI Naifa LIU School of Life Sciences Lanzhou University Institute of Natural Sciences Massey UniversityPrivate Bag 102904North Shore Mail CentreAuckland 0745New Zealand

The timing of reproduction can significantly affect an offspring＇s fitness, thereby also influencing the fitness of the parents, especially in species inhabiting extreme environments, such as deserts. Female reproductive cycles in Phrynocephalus przewalskii were studied from April to September 2008. Significant cycles of gonadal volume were found in all studied populations and the cycles were similar among the various populations. Females began vitellogenesis in April and contained oviductal eggs form May to June. Gonad volume decreased significantly in July and reached minimum volume from August to September. The follicular growth was negatively correlated with increasing precipitation and temperature in all populations. Hatching occurs during summer and early fall, when most of the annual rainfall occurs. Mean clutch size based on all populations was 2.7 ± 0.9 SE （n = 71）.

关键词： Phrynocephalus przewalskii lizard gonad cycle liver cycle clutch size Tengger Desert

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A high-order target phase approach for the station-keeping of periodic orbits

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Astrodynamics 2024年第1期8卷 61-75页

作者： Xiaoyu Fu Nicola Baresi Roberto Armellin Surrey Space centre University of SurreyGuildfordGU27XHUK Te PūnahaĀtea-Auckland Space Institute University of AucklandAuckland1010New Zealand

A novel high-order target phase approach(TPhA)for the station-keeping of periodic orbits is proposed in this *** key elements of the TPhA method,the phase-angle Poincare map and high-order maneuver map,are constructed using differential algebra(DA)techniques to determine station-keeping epochs and calculate correction maneuvers.A stochastic optimization framework tailored for the TPhA-based station-keeping process is leveraged to search for fuel-optimal and error-robust TPhA ***-satellite orbits(QSOs)around Phobos are investigated to demonstrate the efficacy of TPhA in mutli-fidelity dynamical *** Carlo simulations demonstrated that the baseline QSO of JAXA’s Martian Moons eXploration(MMX)mission could be maintained with a monthly maneuver budget of approximately 1 m/s.

关键词： target phase approach(TPhA) station-keeping Poincarémap differential algebra(DA) quasi-satellite orbit(QSO)

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Advancing Digital Earth:beyond the next generation

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International Journal of Digital Earth 2014年第1期7卷 3-16页

作者： Manfred Ehlers Peter Woodgate Alessandro Annoni Sven Schade Institute for Geoinformatics and Remote Sensing University of Osnabru˝ckOsnabru˝ckGermany Cooperative Research centre for Spatial Information Australia and New ZealandMelbourneAustralia Joint Research centre European CommissionIspraItaly European Environment Agency CopenhagenDenmark

The Digital Earth(DE)movement is gaining *** of it is *** paper examines a number of recent developments including those in health sensors(Wearable Absence,Q-Sensor,and Guardian Angels)and systems frameworks(Gelernter’s Mirror Worlds,Virtual Australia,and new zealand).Consideration is given to the implications of DE for citizens and on citizen science,including those of ethics.A suite of principles to guide the development of DE is proposed.

关键词： Digital Earth vision virtual spatial science Geomatics social science ethics

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Metabotropic glutamate receptor 1 alpha:a unique receptor variant with variable implications for Alzheimer’s disease pathogenesis

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Neural Regeneration Research 2023年第10期18卷 2196-2197页

作者： Jason HY Yeung Andrea Kwakowsky centre for Brain Research Department of Anatomy and Medical ImagingFaculty of Medical and Health SciencesUniversity of AucklandAucklandNew Zealand Pharmacology and Therapeutics School of MedicineGalway Neuroscience CentreOllscoil na Gaillimhe-University of GalwayGalwayIreland

Alzheimer’s disease (AD) is the leading neurodegenerative disorder *** this,there is minimal effective therapeutics proven to reduce or prevent the progression of this *** is the main excitatory neurotransmitter with... 详细信息

关键词： Alzheimer Metab pathogenesis

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Developmental programming of the metabolic syndrome critical windows for intervention

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World Journal of Diabetes 2011年第9期2卷 137-148页

作者： Mark H Vickers Liggins Institute and the national Research centre for Growth and Development University of AucklandAuckland 1023New Zealand

Metabolic disease results from a complex interaction of many factors,including genetic,physiological,behavioral and environmental *** recent rate at which these diseases have increased suggests that environmental and behavioral influences,rather than genetic causes,are fuelling the present *** this context,the developmental origins of health and disease hypothesis has highlighted the link between the periconceptual,fetal and early infant phases of life and the subsequent development of adult obesity and the metabolic *** the mechanisms are yet to be fully elucidated,this programming was generally considered an irreversible change in developmental *** work in animal models suggests that developmental programming of metabolic disorders is potentially reversible by nutritional or targeted therapeutic interventions during the period of developmental *** review will discuss critical windows of developmental plasticity and possible avenues to ameliorate the development of postnatal metabolic disorders following an adverse early life environment.

关键词： Developmental programming Metabolic syndrome Obesity Type 2 diabetes Leptin Animal models Predictive adaptive responses

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