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Vector meson's spin alignments in high energy reactions

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Science China(Physics,Mechanics & Astronomy) 2025年第1期Mechanics & Astronomy) .卷 5-20页

作者： Jin-Hui Chen Zuo-Tang Liang Yu-Gang Ma Xin-Li Sheng Qun Wang Key Laboratory of Nuclear Physics and Ion-beam application (MoE) Institute of Modern PhysicsFudan University institute of Frontier and Interdisciplinary Science Key Laboratory of Particle Physics and Particle Irradiation (MOE)Shandong University INFN-Firenze Department of Modern Physics University of Science and Technology of China School of Mechanics and Physics Anhui University of Science and Technology

The global spin alignment of vector mesons has been observed by the star collaboration at the Relativistic Heavy Ion Collider （RHIC） at Brookhaven National Laboratory （BNL）.It provides a unique opportunity to probe the correlation between the polarized quark and antiquark in the strongly coupled quark-gluon plasma （sQGP） produced in relativistic heavy ion collisions,opening a new window to explore the properties of s *** addition,spin alignments of vector mesons have also been observed in other high-energy particle collisions such as e+e-annihilations at high energies where hadron production is dominated by quark fragmentation *** results obtained are quite different from those obtained in heavy ion collisions where quark coalescence/combination mechanism dominates suggesting strong dependence on hadronization *** comprehensive studies in different hadronization processes are *** this article,we present a brief review of theoretical and experimental advances in the study of vector meson’s spin alignments in a variety of high-energy particle collisions,with emphasis on hadronization mechanisms.

关键词： vector meson spin alignment global polarization relativistic heavy ion collisions fragmentation

Distribution and mapping of temperate savanna in the sandy lands of eastern China

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Science China Earth Sciences 2025年第1期68卷 128-141页

作者： Xiaoya LI Feng WANG Tao DUAN Kaijie YANG Bin YANG Chunmei WANG Xin TIAN Qi LU institute of Ecological Conservation and Restoration Institute of Desertification Studies Chinese Academy of Forestry institute of Desertification Institute of Desertification Studies Chinese Academy of Forestry institute of Great Green Wall Satellite application Centre for Ecology and Environment MEE institute of Microelectronics Chinese Academy of Sciences Aerospace Information Research institute Chinese Academy of Sciences institute of Forest Resource Information Techniques Chinese Academy of Forestry

Savannas are distributed globally across various *** perform a significant socioeconomic role in regulating net primary productivity and the terrestrial carbon *** to the high spatial heterogeneity induced by the mixed distribution of trees and grasses,current global land-cover classification maps often classify savannas as forests or grasslands Temperate savannas in China cover a vast area,yet their spatial patterns and extent remain poorly *** study developed a novel remote sensing temperate savannas mapping method by integrating very high-resolution （VHR） unmanned aerial vehicle （UAV） and GF-6 satellite imagery based on the vegetation structure characteristics of temperate savannas using the FAO definition of *** and validation datasets were collected from VHR UAV imagery covering the main temperate savannah types with a ground area of 1818 *** fractional woody vegetation cover （FWVC） and fractional herbaceous vegetation cover （FHVC） in temperate savannas were estimated by integrating Classification and Regression Tree and Random Forest *** current distribution of temperate savannas in the Horqin and Otindag Sandy Lands of Eastern China was mapped to a unit area of 0.5 *** root-mean-square error （RMSE） values for the FWVC and FHVC models were 10.69% and 11.67%,and the R2values were 0.66 and 0.63,*** assessment indicated that the new temperate savanna map had high identification accuracy,with a Kappa coefficient of 0.70,overall accuracy of 0.88,and average accuracy of *** savannas in the sandy lands of eastern China were primarily distributed in the northern Horqin Sandy Land the central and eastern regions of the Otindag Sandy Land,and the transition zone from the southern slopes of the Greater Khingan Mountains to the plains,covering a total area of 3.27×10～6 *** main savannah types were elm,oak/maple,and shrub *** savannas were widely distributed in the Otindag Sandy

关键词： Temperate savanna UAV imagery GF-6 Fractional woody vegetation cover Fractional herbaceous vegetation cover Machine learning

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Design and application of Turbine Cascade Partitioned Endwall Profiling

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Journal of Thermal Science 2025年第1期34卷 110-128页

作者： ZENG Fei JIANG Ruiqi XUE Xingxu DU Wei LUO Lei ZHOU Xun AECC Hunan Aviation Powerplant Research institute School of Energy Science and technology Harbin Institute of Technology Science and technology on Diesel Engine Turbocharging Laboratory China North Engine Research Institute

The influence of partitioned profiling design based on a large-pitch highly loaded cascade is studied by numerical *** partitioned profile is mainly composed of a pressure-side convex structure near the leading edge and a suction-side convex structure at the midstream and downstream sides of the *** influence of the change in the vertex axial position and peak value of the B-line on the secondary flow control is *** this paper,air(ideal gas) is selected as the flow *** average static pressure at the outlet and the average total temperature at the inlet are kept *** γ-θ is used as the turbulence *** results show that the pressure-side convex structure suppresses the spanwise and pitchwise migration of the inlet flow by adjusting the static pressure distribution of the flow field,so the development of the pressure-side leg of the horseshoe vortex is effectively *** suction-side convex structure adjusts the static pressure distribution of the flow field and increases the included angle between the cross-flow and suction surface,so the accumulation of low-momentum fluid,the development of a corner vortex and the flow separation at the trailing edge of the suction-side surface are all suppressed near the endwall-suction ***,the energy loss coefficient of the large-pitch highly loaded cascade is decreased from 0.0564 to 0.0485,representing a 25% reduction in secondary flow losses.

关键词： Vortex flow

Visualization of the protective role of estrogen against female liver fibrosis via an ER viscosity NIR fluorescent probe

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Science China Chemistry 2025年第1期68卷 360-368页

作者： Zheng Liu Changyu Zhang Zipeng Li Wanying Ma Jia Liu Xiang Xia Ning Xu Wen Sun Jianjun Du Jiangli Fan Xiaojun Peng State Key Laboratory of Fine Chemicals Dalian University of Technology Ningbo institute of Dalian University of technology

Endoplasmic reticulum(ER) viscosity has emerged as a new potential biomarker for hepatic fibrosis(HF). Herein, we report the first ER-targeting viscosity-responsive near-infrared(NIR) fluorescent probe HBT-PP for investigations of HF *** twisted intramolecular charge transfer(TICT) and the excited state intramolecular proton transfer(ESIPT) are combined to endow HBT-PP with the selective response towards viscosity(～62-fold) and a super large stokes shift(～320 nm). HBT-PP mainly targets organelle ER and is able to image the drug-or alcohol-induced viscosity elevation in living cells. Significantly,HBT-PP was successfully applied to visualize the gender difference in HF and the protective role of estrogen in restraining HF progression. Of note, after 10 min of stain with HBT-PP, HF lesions showed a stage-based response, indicating the potential of this probe in fast and early diagnosis of HF. These results clearly demonstrated the promising application of HBT-PP as a new tool for exploring ER viscosity-involved physiological and pathological processes.

关键词： NIR fluorescent probe ER viscosity hepatic fibrosis gender difference estrogen

Mechanistic insight into the synergy between nickel single atoms and nanoparticles on N-doped carbon for electroreduction of CO2

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Journal of Energy Chemistry 2025年第1期100卷 327-336页

作者： Mingdong Sun Wenwen Guan Cailing Chen Chao Wu Xiaoling Liu Biao Meng Tao Chen Yu Han Jun Wang Shibo Xi Yu Zhou State Key Laboratory of Materials-Oriented Chemical Engineering College of Chemical Engineering Nanjing Tech University Advanced Membranes and Porous Materials Center Physical Sciences and Engineering Division King Abdullah University of Science and Technology institute of Sustainability for Chemicals Energy and Environment A*STAR (Agency for Science Technology and Research) College of Materials Science and Engineering Sichuan University

The synergy of single atoms （SAs） and nanoparticles （NPs） has demonstrated great potential in promoting the electrocatalytic carbon dioxide reduction reaction （CO2RR）;however,the rationalization of the SAs/NPs proportion remains one challenge for the catalyst ***,a Ni2+-loaded porous poly（ionic liquids）(PIL) precursor synthesized through the free radical self-polymerization of the ionic liquid monomer,1-allyl-3-vinylimidazolium chloride,was pyrolyzed to prepare the Ni,N co-doped carbon materials,in which the proportion of Ni SAs and NPs could be facilely modulated by controlling the annealing *** catalyst Ni-NC-1000 with a moderate proportion of Ni SAs and NPs exhibited high efficiency in the electrocatalytic conversion of CO2into *** Ni K-edge X-ray absorption near-edge structure （XANES） spectra and theoretical calculations were conducted to gain insight into the synergy of Ni SAs and *** charge transfer from Ni NPs to the surrounding carbon layer and then to the Ni SAs resulted in the electron-enriched Ni SAs active *** the electroreduction of CO2,the coexistence of Ni SAs and NPs strengthened the CO2activation and the affinity towards the key intermediate of*COOH,lowering the free energy for the potential-determining*CO2→*COOH step,and therefore promoted the catalysis efficiency.

关键词： Activation energy

Dual‑Donor‑Induced Crystallinity Modulation Enables 19.23% Efficiency Organic Solar Cells

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Nano-Micro Letters 2025年第3期17卷 376-388页

作者： Anhai Liang Yuqing Sun Sein Chung Jiyeong Shin Kangbo Sun Chaofeng Zhu Jingjing Zhao Zhenmin Zhao Yufei Zhong Guangye Zhang Kilwon Cho Zhipeng Kan Center On Nanoenergy Research Institute of Science and Technology for Carbon Peak&NeutralitySchool of Physical Science&TechnologyGuangxi UniversityNanning 530004People’s Republic of China Department of Chemical Engineering Pohang University of Science and TechnologyPohang 37673South Korea College of new Materials and new Energies Shenzhen Technology UniversityShenzhen 518118People’s Republic of China Zhejiang Engineering Research Center for Fabrication and application of Advanced Photovoltaic Materials School of Materials Science and EngineeringNingboTech UniversityNingbo 315100People’s Republic of China State Key Laboratory of Featured Metal Materials and Life-Cycle Safety for Composite Structures Nanning 530004People’s Republic of China

Trap-assisted charge recombination is one of the primary limitationsof restricting the performance of organic solar cells. However, effectivelyreducing the presence of traps in the photoactive layer remains ***, wide bandgap polymer donor PTzBI-dF is demonstrated as an effectivemodulator for enhancing the crystallinity of the bulk heterojunction active layerscomposed of D18 derivatives blended with Y6, leading to dense and orderedmolecular packings, and thus, improves photoluminescence quenching *** a result, the photovoltaic devices exhibit reduced trap-assisted charge recombinationlosses, achieving an optimized power conversion efficiency of over 19%.Besides the efficiency enhancement, the devices comprised of PTzBI-dF as athird component simultaneously attain decreased current leakage, improved chargecarrier mobilities, and suppressed bimolecular charge recombination, leading toreduced energy losses. The advanced crystalline structures induced by PTzBI-dFand its characteristics, such as well-aligned energy level, and complementaryabsorption spectra, are ascribed to the promising performance *** findings suggest that donor phase engineering is a feasible approach to tuning the molecular packings in the active layer, providingguidelines for designing effective morphology modulators for high-performance organic solar cells.

关键词： Trap-assisted charge recombination Photoluminescence Miscibility Current leakage Power conversion efficiency

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Prospects on mangrove knowledge services in the smart era: From plant atlas to knowledge graphs

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Science China Earth Sciences 2025年第1期68卷 111-127页

作者： Zhi-Wei HOU Wenlong JING Cheng-Zhi QIN Ji YANG Qing XIA Xiaoling YIN Key Laboratory of Guangdong for Utilization of Remote Sensing and Geographical Information System Guangdong Open Laboratory of Geospatial Information Technology and Application Guangzhou Institute of Geography Guangdong Academy of Sciences Southern Marine Science and Engineering Guangdong Laboratory (Guangzhou) State Key Laboratory of Resources and Environmental Information System Institute of Geographic Sciences and Natural Resources ResearchChinese Academy of Sciences College of Resources and Environment University of Chinese Academy of Sciences School of Traffic & Transportation Engineering Changsha University of Science and Technology

Mangroves are crucial to the ecological security of the Earth and human well-being. Their management, conservation, and restoration are of great importance and necessitate the support of spatio-temporal information and multidisciplinary knowledge such as biology and ecology. Traditional knowledge services such as plant atlas provide illustrated textual knowledge of mangroves. However, this kind of service is oriented to information retrieval and is incapable of effectively mining and utilizing fragmented knowledge from multi-source heterogeneous data, facing the problem of “massive data, rare knowledge”. Knowledge graphs are capable of extracting, organizing, and fusing the knowledge contained in massive data into semantic networks that can be understood and computed by computers. They provide a solution for the realization of intelligent knowledge services. Focusing on the urgent need for mangrove knowledge acquisition, formal representation, and intelligent services, this paper proposes a research prospect on mangrove knowledge graphs and knowledge services. We first analyze the similarities and differences between various domain-specific concepts of Tupu. On this basis, we define the mangrove knowledge graph as a large-scale knowledge base that integrates multi-disciplinary knowledge and spatio-temporal information with mangrove ecosystems as the core. Then, we propose a research framework for mangrove knowledge services that can realize the transformation from multi-modal data to intelligent knowledge services, including multiple research levels such as ubiquitous data sensing and aggregation, knowledge organization and graph construction, and intelligent mangrove knowledge services. Subsequently, the methods and workflow for constructing mangrove knowledge graphs are introduced. Finally, we discuss the challenges and possible future directions of mangrove knowledge services in the smart era, including the construction of a mangrove knowledge system that integra

关键词： Mangrove Tupu Knowledge graph Multi-modal Knowledge service

Dynamic modeling of a three-dimensional braided composite thin plate considering braiding directions

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Applied Mathematics and Mechanics(English Edition) 2025年第1期46卷 123-138页

作者： Chentong GAO Huiyu SUN Jianping GU W.M.HUANG College of Aerospace Engineering Nanjing University of Aeronautics and Astronautics School of Mechanical and Aerospace Engineering Nanyang Technological University Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Advanced Structural Materials and application technology School of Materials Science and EngineeringNanjing Institute of Technology

Currently, there are a limited number of dynamic models available for braided composite plates with large overall motions, despite the incorporation of three-dimensional(3D) braided composites into rotating blade components. In this paper, a dynamic model of 3D 4-directional braided composite thin plates considering braiding directions is established. Based on Kirchhoff's plate assumptions, the displacement variables of the plate are expressed. By incorporating the braiding directions into the constitutive equation of the braided composites, the dynamic model of the plate considering braiding directions is obtained. The effects of the speeds, braiding directions, and braided angles on the responses of the plate with fixed-axis rotation and translational motion, respectively, are investigated. This paper presents a dynamic theory for calculating the deformation of 3D braided composite structures undergoing both translational and rotational motions. It also provides a simulation method for investigating the dynamic behavior of non-isotropic material plates in various applications.

关键词： Constitutive equations

Pulsed dynamic electrolysis enhanced PEMWE hydrogen production:Revealing the effects of pulsed electric fields on protons mass transport and hydrogen bubble escape

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Journal of Energy Chemistry 2025年第1期100卷 201-214页

作者： Xuewei Zhang Wei Zhou Yuming Huang Liang Xie Tonghui Li Huimin Kang Lijie Wang Yang Yu Yani Ding Junfeng Li Jiaxiang Chen Miaoting Sun Shuo Cheng Xiaoxiao Meng Jihui Gao Guangbo Zhao School of Energy Science and Engineering Harbin Institute of Technology China Datang technology Innovation Co. Ltd

The transition of hydrogen sourcing from carbon-intensive to water-based methodologies is underway,with renewable energy-powered proton exchange membrane water electrolysis （PEMWE） emerging as the preeminent pathway for hydrogen *** remarkable advancements in this field,confronting the sluggish electrochemical kinetics and inherent high-energy consumption arising from deteriorated mass transport within PEMWE systems remains a formidable *** impediment stems primarily from the hindered protons mass transfer and the untimely hydrogen bubbles *** address these challenges,we harness the inherent variability of electrical energy and introduce an innovative pulsed dynamic water electrolysis *** to constant voltage electrolysis (hydrogen production rate:51.6 m L h-1,energy consumption:5.37 kWh Nm-3H2),this strategy (hydrogen production rate:66 m L h-1,energy consumption:3.83 kWh Nm-3H2) increases the hydrogen production rate by approximately 27%and reduces the energy consumption by about 28%.Furthermore,we demonstrate the practicality of this system by integrating it with an off-grid photovoltaic （PV） system designed for outdoor operation,successfully driving a hydrogen production current of up to 500 mA under an average voltage of approximately 2 *** combined results of in-situ characterization and finite element analysis reveal the performance enhancement mechanism:pulsed dynamic electrolysis （PDE） dramatically accelerates the enrichment of protons at the electrode/solution interface and facilitates the release of bubbles on the electrode *** such,PDE-enhanced PEMWE represents a synergistic advancement,concurrently enhancing both the hydrogen generation reaction and associated transport *** promising technology not only redefines the landscape of electrolysis-based hydrogen production but also holds immense potential for broadening its application across a diverse spectrum of electrocatalytic endeavors.

关键词： Electrolysis