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Efficient Route Planning for Real-Time Demand-Responsive Transit

Computers, Materials & Continua 2024年第4期79卷 473-492页

作者： Hongle Li SeongKi Kim development Department Changseol Build SystemDaegu42601South Korea division of Software Convergence Sangmyung UniversitySeoul03016South Korea

Demand Responsive Transit (DRT) responds to the dynamic users’ requests without any fixed routes and timetablesand determines the stop and the start according to the demands. This study explores the optimization of dynamicvehicle scheduling and real-time route planning in urban public transportation systems, with a focus on busservices. It addresses the limitations of current shared mobility routing algorithms, which are primarily designedfor simpler, single origin/destination scenarios, and do not meet the complex demands of bus transit systems. Theresearch introduces an route planning algorithm designed to dynamically accommodate passenger travel needsand enable real-time route modifications. Unlike traditional methods, this algorithm leverages a queue-based,multi-objective heuristic A∗ approach, offering a solution to the inflexibility and limited coverage of suburbanbus routes. Also, this study conducts a comparative analysis of the proposed algorithm with solutions based onGenetic Algorithm (GA) and Ant Colony Optimization Algorithm (ACO), focusing on calculation time, routelength, passenger waiting time, boarding time, and detour rate. The findings demonstrate that the proposedalgorithmsignificantly enhances route planning speed, achieving an 80–100-fold increase in efficiency over existingmodels, thereby supporting the real-time demands of Demand-Responsive Transportation (DRT) systems. Thestudy concludes that this algorithm not only optimizes route planning in bus transit but also presents a scalablesolution for improving urban mobility.

关键词： Autonomous bus route planning real-time dynamic route planning path finding DRT bus route optimization sustainable public transport

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Resident immune responses to spinal cord injury:role of astrocytes and microglia

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Neural Regeneration Research 2024年第8期19卷 1678-1685页

作者： Sydney Brockie Cindy Zhou Michael G.Fehlings division of Genetics and development Krembil Research InstituteUniversity Health NetworkTorontoONCanada Institute of Medical Science University of TorontoTorontoONCanada division of Neurosurgery and Spine Program Department of SurgeryUniversity of TorontoTorontoONCanada

Spinal cord injury can be traumatic or non-traumatic in origin,with the latter rising in incidence and prevalence with the aging demographics of our *** r,as the global population ages,individuals with co-existent degenerative spinal pathology comprise a growing number of traumatic spinal cord injury cases,especially involving the cervical spinal *** makes recovery and treatment approaches particula rly challenging as age and comorbidities may limit regenerative *** these reasons,it is critical to better understand the complex milieu of spinal cord injury lesion pathobiology and the ensuing inflammatory *** review discusses microglia-specific purinergic and cytokine signaling pathways,as well as microglial modulation of synaptic stability and plasticity after ***,we evaluate the role of astrocytes in neurotransmission and calcium signaling,as well as their border-forming response to neural *** the inflammatory and reparative roles of these cells have eluded our complete understanding and remain key therapeutic targets due to their extensive structural and functional roles in the nervous *** advances have shed light on the roles of glia in neurotransmission and reparative injury responses that will change how interventions are *** key processes and existing knowledge gaps will allow future research to effectively target these cells and harness their regenerative potential.

关键词： astrocytes glial signaling microglia spinal cord injury synaptic transmission

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Two stages of subsidence and its formation mechanisms in Mid-Late Triassic Ordos Basin,NW China

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Petroleum Exploration and development 2024年第3期51卷 576-588页

作者： DENG Xiuqin CHU Meijuan WANG Long CHEN Xiu WANG Yanxin National Engineering Laboratory for Exploration and development of Low-Permeability Oil&Gas Fields Xi’an 710018China Exploration division of PetroChina Changqing Oilfield Company Xi’an 710018China Exploration&development Research Institute of PetroChina Changqing Oilfield Company Xi’an 710018China

Based on a large number of newly added deep well data in recent years,the subsidence of the Ordos Basin in the Mid-Late Triassic is systematically studied,and it is proposed that the Ordos Basin experienced two important subsidence events during this depositional *** contrastive analysis of the two stages of tectonic subsidence,including stratigraphic characteristics,lithology combination,location of catchment area and sedimentary evolution,it is proposed that both of them are responses to the Indosinian Qinling tectonic activity on the edge of the craton *** early subsidence occurred in the Chang 10 Member was featured by high amplitude,large debris supply and fast deposition rate,with coarse debris filling and rapid subsidence accompanied by rapid accumulation,resulting in strata thickness increasing from northeast to southwest in *** subsidence center was located in Huanxian–Zhenyuan–Qingyang–Zhengning areas of southwestern basin with the strata thickness of 800–1300 *** subsidence center deviating from the depocenter developed multiple catchment areas,until then,unified lake basin has not been formed *** the combined action of subsidence and Carnian heavy rainfall event during the deposition period of Chang 7 Member,a large deep-water depression was formed with slow deposition rate,and the subsidence center coincided with the depocenter basically in the Mahuangshan–Huachi–Huangling *** deep-water sediments were 120–320 m thick in the subsidence center,characterized by fine *** are differences in the mechanism between the two stages of *** early one was the response to the northward subduction of the MianLüe Ocean and intense depression under compression in Qinling during *** later subsidence is controlled by the weak extensional tectonic environment of the post-collision stage during Late Triassic.

关键词： Ordos Basin Chang 10 Member Chang 7 Member subsidence center depocenter subsidence mechanism Qinling orogenic belt Indosinian movement

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Small molecule conjugates with selective estrogen receptor β agonism promote anti-aging benefits in metabolism and skin recovery

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Acta Pharmaceutica Sinica B 2024年第5期14卷 2137-2152页

作者： Tarik Zahr Vijay K.Boda Jian Ge Lexiang Yu Zhongzhi Wu Jianwen Que Wei Li Li Qiang Naomi Berrie Diabetes Center Columbia UniversityNew YorkNY 10032USA Department of Molecular Pharmacology and Therapeutics Columbia UniversityNew YorkNY 10032USA Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences College of PharmacyUniversity of Tennessee Health Science CenterMemphisTN 38163USA Drug Discovery Center College of PharmacyUniversity of Tennessee Health Science CenterMemphisTN 38163USA division of Digestive and Liver Diseases Columbia UniversityNew YorkNY 10032USA Center for Human development Columbia UniversityNew YorkNY 10027USA Department of Pathology and Cell Biology Columbia UniversityNew YorkNY 10032USA Department of Medicine Columbia UniversityNew YorkNY 10032USA

Estrogen is imperative to mammalian reproductivity,metabolism,and ***,the hormone activating estrogen receptor(ERs)αcan cause major safety concerns due to the enrichment of ERαin female tissues and certain *** contrast,ERβis more broadly expressed in metabolic tissues and the ***,it is desirable to generate selective ERβagonist conjugates for maximizing the therapeutic effects of ERs while minimizing the risks of ERα***,we report the design and production of small molecule conjugates containing selective non-steroid ERβagonists Gtx878 or *** of aged mice with our synthesized conjugates improved aging-associated declines in insulin sensitivity,visceral adipose integrity,skeletal muscle function,and skin health,with validation in *** further uncovered the benefits of ERβconjugates in the skin using two inducible skin injury mouse models,showing increased skin basal cell proliferation,epidermal thickness,and wound ***,our ERβ-selective agonist conjugates offer novel therapeutic potential to improve aging-associated conditions and aid in rejuvenating skin health.

关键词： Estrogen receptorβ Aging Metabolism Skin injury Muscle metabolism Small molecule conjugates Regeneration Adiposity

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Study of plasma parameters of coaxial plasma source using triple Langmuir probe and Faraday cup diagnostics

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Plasma Science and Technology 2024年第4期26卷 94-100页

作者： Sunil KANCHI Rohit SHUKLA Archana SHARMA Pulsed Power and Electromagnetics division Bhabha Atomic Research CentreVisakhapatnam 531011India Homi Bhabha National Institute Mumbai 400085India Beam Technology development Group Bhabha Atomic Research CentreMumbai 400085India

Coaxial plasma guns are a type of plasma source that produces plasma which propagates radially and axially controlled by the shape of the ground electrode, which has attracted much interest in several applications. In this work, a 120° opening angle of CPG nozzle is used as a plasma gun configuration that operates at the energy of 150 J. The ionization of polyethylene insulator between the electrodes of the gun produces a cloud of hydrogen and carbon *** triple Langmuir probe and Faraday cup are used to measure plasma density and plasma temperature. These methods are used to measure the on-axis and off-axis plasma divergence of the coaxial plasma gun. The peak values of ion densities measured at a distance of 25 mm on-axis from the plasma gun are(1.6±0.5)×10^(19)m^(-3)and(2.8±0.6)×10^(19)m^(-3)for hydrogen and carbon plasma respectively and the peak temperature is 3.02±0.5 eV. The mean propagation velocity of plasma is calculated using the transit times of plasma at different distances from the plasma gun and is found to be 4.54±0.25 cm/μs and 1.81±0.18 cm/μs for hydrogen and carbon plasma respectively. The Debye radius is obtained from the measured experimental data that satisfies the thin sheath approximation. The shot-to-shot stability of plasma parameters facilitates the use of plasma guns in laboratory experiments. These types of plasma sources can be used in many applications like plasma opening switches, plasma devices, and as plasma sources.

关键词： coaxial plasma source triple Langmuir probe Faraday cup plasma density plasma temperature

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Importance of dietary supplementation of soluble and insoluble fibers to sows subjected to high ambient temperatures during late gestation and effects on lactation performance

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Animal Nutrition 2024年第1期16卷 73-83页

作者： Seung Min Oh Abdolreza Hosseindoust Sang Hun Ha Jun Young Mun Joseph Moturi Habeeb Tajudeen Yo Han Choi Su Hyup Lee Jin Soo Kim Gyeongbuk Livestock Research Institute Department of Animal Industry Convergence Kangwon National University Swine division National Institute of Animal Science Rural Development Administration Department of Swine Science Korea National University of Agriculture and Fisheries

Heat stress adversely affects sows' performance, which can be improved by applying proper nutritional strategies. This study was conducted to investigate the interactive effects of dietary fiber levels and sources on sows' reproductive performance, metabolic response during gestation, and the carry-over influence on litter performance in the lactation period during heat stress(average room temperature of 27.1°C). Fifty-four multiparous sows(Landrace × Yorkshire; initial body weight of 236.3 ± 16 kg; 2, 3and 4 parities) at d 90 of gestation were assigned to a 2 × 3 factorial arrangement(9 sows/treatment),involving 2 dietary fiber levels(4.5% and 6% crude fiber) and 3 dietary fiber sources(wheat bran [WB],palm kernel meal [PK], and beet pulp [BP]). Sows fed the BP diet had highest(P < 0.01) feed intake and constipation index and lowest(P < 0.01) farrowing duration. Piglet weight(P = 0.041) and litter weight(P < 0.01) at weaning were higher in sows in the BP treatment compared to PK treatment. Sows in the BP treatment showed the greatest(P < 0.01) digestibility of crude protein and neutral detergent fiber. The fecal concentration of acetate was the lowest(P < 0.01) in the PK treatment. Total short-chain fatty acid production was increased in the WB and BP treatments compared with the PK. Sows in the BP treatment showed the lowest(P = 0.036) hair cortisol. The blood insulin concentration of sows was higher(P = 0.026) in the high fiber(6%) treatment compared with the low fiber(4.5%) treatment at 90 min and120 min after the meal. The concentration of phthalic acid, succinic acid, phenylethylamine, hydrocinnamic acid, iron, linoleic acid, glycerol, ketone, and formamide were increased(P < 0.05) in the BP treatment compared with the WB. The BP treatment with high soluble fiber content improved the constipation index, farrowing duration, and litter performance, while high insoluble fibers increased sows comfort and reduced stress factors including respiratory rate and rectal

关键词： Soluble fiber Insoluble fiber Beet pulp Wheat bran Palm kernel Metabolites

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Bamboo-derived hard carbon/carbon nanotube composites as anode material for long-life sodium-ion batteries with high charge/discharge capacities

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Rare Metals 2024年第1期43卷 124-137页

作者： Sukanya Pothaya Chatwarin Poochai Nantikan Tammanoon Yaowamarn Chuminjak Tanaporn Kongthong Tanom Lomas Chakrit Sriprachuabwong Adisorn Tuantranont Graphene and Printed Electronics for Dual-Use Applications Research division(GPERD) National Security and Dual-Use Technology Center(NSD)National Science and Technology Development Agency(NSTDA)Tambon Klong NuengAmphoe Klong LuangPathum Thani 12120Thailand

Hard carbon derived from bamboo for the anode material of sodium-ion batteries has a three-dimensional(3D) open framework structure and has naturally incorporated K-ions into its carbon structure,increasing the dinterlayer spacing of hard carbon materials for facilitating Na^(+) *** this work,bamboo-derived hard carbon was prepared via two carbonization temperatures at 700and 1000 ℃ for an hour and employed as an anode for sodium-ion batteries(SIB).X-ray diffraction(XRD) and Fourier transform(FT)-Raman spectroscopic results indicated the disordered structure with d-spacing(d_(002)) around0.36-0.37 nm,which is a benefit for sodium ion insertion/***,the composition between carbon-nanotube(CNT) and bamboo-derived hard carbon(BB) was synthesized by a ball mill with various contents of CNT(1 wt%,5 wt% and 10 wt%).At the optimal CNT content of 5 wt%,the sample exhibited excellent performance and outstanding *** the anode,the half-cell SIB using BB(700)w@5%CNT(with a carbonization temperature of700 ℃ and CNT loading of 5 wt%) delivered a high initial specific capacity of 268.9 mAh·g^(-1) at 0.1C and capacity retention of 78.6% after 500 cycles at *** full cell SIB fabrication BB(700)w@5%CNT in combination with Na_(3)V_(2)(PO4)_(3) as the cathode demonstrated a high specific capacity of 127.6 mAh·g^(-1) at 0.2C with its capacitive retention remaining of 78% at 1.0C after 1000 *** attained storage performance indicates that hard carbonCNT composite anode material enhanced the conductive path of electron transport and provided long-term cycling *** good electrochemical performance as well as the low cost and environment-friendliness of the bambooderived hard carbon proves its suitability for future sodium-ion batteries.

关键词： Hard carbon Bamboo Sodium-ion battery(SIB) Full cell

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Need for operational simplicity and timely disbursal of benefits—a qualitative exploration of the implementation of a direct benefit transfer scheme for persons with tuberculosis in India

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贫困所致传染病(英文) 2024年第3期13卷 1-15页

作者： Mohan Malu Thangaraj Jeromie W. V. Pandey Sumit Priya G. Sri Lakshmi Arunachalam Sivavallinathan Sharma Rahul Shewade Hemant Deepak Aishwarya B. Afeeq K. Khatoon Afsana Gokulvijay B. Sireesha Gude Chandra Kavita Nandhakumar S. Samuel Prince Viswanathan C. Nanditha Shanmugasundaram Devika Rao Raghuram Murhekar Manoj V. Jeyashree Kathiresan Indian Council of Medical Research-National Institute of Epidemiology R-127 TNHB Ayapakkam Chennai Tamil Nadu India TB Support Network WHO Country Office for India New Delhi India Central Tuberculosis division Government of India New Delhi India

Background Ni-kshay Poshan Yojana (NPY) is a direct benefit transfer scheme of the Government of India introduced in 2018 to support the additional nutritional requirements of persons with TB (PwTB). Our recent nationwide evaluation of implementation and utilization of NPY using programmatic data of PwTB from nine randomly selected Indian states, reported a 70% coverage and high median delay in benefit credit. We undertook a qualitative study between January and July 2023, to understand the detailed implementation process of NPY and explore the enablers and barriers to effective implementation and utilization of the NPY *** We followed a grounded theory approach to inductively develop theoretical explanations for social phenomena through data generated from multiple sources. We conducted 36 in-depth interviews of national, district and field-level staff of the National Tuberculosis Elimination Programme (NTEP) and NPY beneficiaries from 30 districts across nine states of India, selected using theoretical sampling. An analytical framework developed through inductive coding of a set of six interviews, guided the coding of the subsequent interviews. Categories and themes emerged through constant comparison and the data collection continued until theoretical *** Stakeholders perceived NPY as a beneficial initiative. Strong political commitment from the state administration, mainstreaming of NTEP work with the district public healthcare delivery system, availability of good geographic and internet connectivity and state-specific grievance redressal mechanisms and innovations were identified as enablers of implementation. However, the complex, multi-level benefit approval process, difficulties in accessing banking services, perceived inadequacy of benefits and overworked human resources in the NTEP were identified as barriers to implementation and *** The optimal utilization of NPY is enabled by strong political commitment and

关键词： National Tuberculosis Elimination Programme Nutritional status Direct benefit transfer Ni-kshay Poshan Yojana Implementation Cash transfer scheme Grounded theory India

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Chemical and mechanical properties of stainless, environment-friendly, and nonflammable Mg alloys (SEN alloys): A review

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Journal of Magnesium and Alloys 2024年第3期12卷 841-872页

作者： Jong Un Lee Hyun Ji Kim Sang-Cheol Jin Ye Jin Kim Young Min Kim Bong Sun You Jun Ho Bae Sung Hyuk Park Advanced Metals division Korea Institute of Materials ScienceChangwon 51508Republic of Korea Department of Materials Science and Metallurgical Engineering Kyungpook National UniversityDaegu 41566Republic of Korea Missile Research Institute Agency for Defense DevelopmentDaejeon 34060Republic of Korea

This review article provides overall understanding of stainless,environment-friendly,and nonflammable Mg alloys(SEN alloys)recently developed at the Korea Institute of Materials *** alloys are produced by adding small amounts of Ca and Y(each<1 wt%)into commercial Mg–Al based alloys,resulting in exceptional ignition and corrosion resistances and impressive mechanical *** main advantages of SEN alloys are as follows.(1)A dense multi-oxide layer of SEN alloys comprising MgO,CaO,and Y_(2)O_(3) impedes the outward dispersion of Mg vapor and the inward penetration of O_(2) during oxidation,thereby enhancing the oxidation and ignition resistances.(2)The presence of Ca-and Y-based second-phase particles in SEN alloys can enhance their corrosion resistance because Ca-containing particles prevent the spread of corrosion,and the replacement of Al-containing particles with less noble ones containing Y(e.g.,Al–Mn–Y or Al–Y particles)retards corrosion.(3)The addition of minor amounts of Ca and Y renders excellent mechanical properties due to improved strengthening *** enhanced properties are attributed to more pronounced dynamic recrystallization and grain refining behaviors caused by the second-phase particles during extrusion.(4)Despite the presence of various types of second-phase particles,the fatigue properties of SEN9 alloys are similar to those of commercial AZ91 alloys.(5)Simultaneous introduction of Ca and Y suppresses the formation of Mg17Al12 discontinuous precipitates during aging,leading to the enhanced elongation of aged SEN alloys.(6)Adding mischmetal into the SEN9 alloy leads to a six-fold enhancement in ***,the studies conducted on SEN alloys demonstrate their excellent ignition and corrosion resistances and mechanical properties,which broaden the industrial applications of Mg alloys by addressing their inherent weaknesses.

关键词： SEN magnesium alloy Corrosion resistance Ignition resistance Mechanical properties Extrudability.

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Auto-tuning PVT data using multi-objective optimization: Application of NSGA-Ⅱ algorithm

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Petroleum 2024年第1期10卷 135-149页

作者： Abdolhadi Zarifi Mohammad Madani Mohammad Jafarzadegan Reservoir Engineering Systems Petroleum Engineering Department Main Office Building of National Iranian South Oil Company (NISOC) Combined Planning Management National Iranian Oil Company (NIOC) Reservoir Engineering division Petroleum Engineering Department Petroleum Engineering and Development Company (PEDEC)

Reservoir simulation is known as perhaps the most widely used, accurate, and reliable method for field development in the petroleum industry. An integral part of a reliable reservoir simulation process is to consider robust and rigorous tuned EOS models. Traditionally, EOS models are tuned iteratively through arduous workflows against experimental PVT data. However, this comes with a number of drawbacks such as forcingly using weight factors, which upon alteration adversely affects the optimization *** objective of the current work is thus to introduce an auto-tune PVT matching tool using NSGA-II multi-objective optimization. In order to illustrate the robustness of the presented technique, three different PVT samples are used, including two black-oil and one gas condensate sample. We utilize PengRobinson EOS during all the manual and auto-tuning processes. Comparison of auto-tuned EOS-generated results with those of experimental and computed statistical error values for these samples clearly show that the proposed method is robust. In addition, the proposed method, contrary to the manual matching process, provides the engineer with several matched solutions, which allows them to select a match based on the engineering background to be best amenable to the problem at hand. In addition, the proposed technique is fast, and can output several solutions within less time compared to the traditional manual matching method.

关键词： Auto-tuning PVT Equation of state NSGA-II Multi-objective optimization

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