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Neuroimaging studies of cognitive remediation in schizophrenia:A systematic and critical review

World Journal of Psychiatry 2017年第1期7卷 34-43页

作者： Rafael Penadés Alexandre González-Rodríguez Rosa Catalán Bàrbara Segura Miquel Bernardo Carme Junqué Department of Psychiatry and Psychology Clinical Institute of NeurosciencesHospital Clínic neuropsychology lab University of Barcelona Institut d’Investigacions Biomèdiques August Pi i Sunyer

AIM To examine the effects of cognitive remediation therapies on brain functioning through neuroimaging procedures in patients with *** A systematic, computerised literature search was conducted in the PubM ed/Medline and PsychI nfo databases. The search was performed through February 2016 without any restrictions on language or publication date. The search was performed using the following search terms: [("cogniti*" and "remediation" or "training" or "enhancement") and("fMRI" or "MRI" or "PET" or "SPECT") and(schizophrenia or schiz*)]. The search was accompanied by a manual online search and a review of the references from each of the papers selected, and those papers fulfilling our inclusion criteria were also *** A total of 101 studies were found, but only 18 of them fulfilled the inclusion criteria. These studies indicated that cognitive remediation improves brain activation in neuroimaging studies. The most commonly reported changes were those that involved the prefrontal and thalamic regions. Those findings are in agreement with the hypofrontality hypothesis, which proposes that frontal hypoactivation is the underlying mechanism of cognitive impairments in schizophrenia. Nonetheless,great heterogeneity among the studies was found. They presented different hypotheses, different results and different findings. The results of more recent studies interpreted cognitive recovery within broader frameworks, namely, as amelioration of the efficiency of different networks. Furthermore, advances in neuroimaging methodologies, such as the use of wholebrain analysis, tractography, graph analysis, and other sophisticated methodologies of data processing, might be conditioning the interpretation of results and generating new theoretical frameworks. Additionally, structural changes were described in both the grey and white matter, suggesting a neuroprotective effect of cognitive remediation. Cognitive, functional and structural improvements tend

关键词： Cognitive remediation Cognitive training Neuroimaging Cognition Prefrontal cortex Thalamus Plasticity Schizophrenia

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Ontogeny of vocal rhythms in harbor seal pups: an exploratory study

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Current Zoology 2019年第1期65卷 107-120页

作者： Andrea RAViGNANi Christopher T. Kello Koen de Reus Sonja A KoTz Simone Dalla BELLA Margarita Mendez-Arostegui Beatriz Rapado-Tamarit Ana Rubio-Garcia Bart de BoER Research Department Sealcentre Pieterburen Pieterburen The Netherlands Artificial Intelligenee lab Vrije Universiteit Brussel Brussels Belgium Cognitive and Information Sciences University of California Merced CA USA Basic and Applied NeuroDynamics lab Faculty of Psychology and Neuroscience Department of Neuropsychology & Psychopharmacology Maastricht University Maastricht The Netherlands Department of neuropsychology Max-Planck Institute for Human Cognitive and Brain Sciences Leipzig Germany International laboratory for Brain Music and Sound Research (BRAMS) Montreal QC Canada Department of Psychology University of Montreal Montreal QC Canada Department of Cognitive Psychology WSFiZ in Warsaw Warsaw Poland

Puppyhood is a very active social and vocal period in a harbor seal's life Ph oca vitulina. An important feature of vocalizations is their temporal and rhythmic structure, and understanding vocal timing and rhythms in harbor seals is critical to a cross-species hypothesis in evolutionary neuroscience that links vocal learning, rhythm perception, and synchronization. This study utilized analytical techniques that may best capture rhythmic structure in pup vocalizations with the goal of examining whether (1) harbor seal pups show rhythmic structure in their calls and (2) rhythms evolve over time. Calls of 3 wild-born seal pups were recorded daily over the course of 1-3 weeks;3 temporal features were analyzed using 3 complementary techniques. We identified temporal and rhythmic structure in pup calls across different time windows. The calls of harbor seal pups exhibit some degree of temporal and rhythmic organization, which evolves over puppyhood and resembles that of other species' in teractive comm un icati on. We suggest n ext steps for investigating call structure in harbor seal pups and propose comparative hypotheses to test in other pinniped species.

关键词： bioacoustics pinnipeds rhythm timing vocal development

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Computerized Cognitive Training in Healthy Older Adults:Baseline Cognitive Level and Subjective Cognitive Concerns Predict Training Outcome

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Health 2018年第1期10卷 20-55页

作者： Elke Kalbe Christophe Bintener Anja Ophey Christian Reuter Stefan Gobel Silvie Kloters Gisela Baller Josef Kessler Department of Medical Psychology/neuropsychology and Gender Studies&Center for Neuropsychological Diagnostics and Intervention(CeNDI) University Hospital CologneCologneGermany Institute of Gerontology Department of Psychological GerontologyUniversity of VechtaVechtaGermany Multimedia Communications lab-KOM Technische Universitat DarmstadtDarmstadtGermany Department of Neurology University Hospital CologneCologneGermany

Computerized cognitive training (CCT) can improve cognition in older adults. However, specific programs for this target group have rarely been developed, and predictors of training success are largely unclear. In a randomized controlled pilot trial, we examined effects of a six-week CCT, tailored to the cognitive profile of healthy older adults (EG, n = 21) as compared to a nonspecific CCT (CG, n = 18) matched in frequency and intensity. No interaction effects between Group and Time were found. However, within-group analysis showed significant gains in verbal and non-verbal memory, executive and visuospatial functions and subjective cognitive concerns (SCC) in the EG, while the CG only benefitted in non-verbal memory and set-shifting. Low cognitive performance and lower SCC at baseline were the most consistent predictors of cognitive gains in the EG. Thus, CCTs specifically tailored to older adults seem advantageous compared to non-specific CCT. Further, we conclude that SCC may be related to reduced cognitive plasticity.

关键词： Computerized Cognitive Training Older Adults Subjective Cognitive Decline Psychoeducation Predictors

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Increased representation of the non-dominant hand in pianists demonstrated by measurement of 3D morphology of the central sulcus

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Psychoradiology 2021年第2期1卷 66-72页

作者： Adam Harvey Lewis Hou Kirsteen Davidson-Kelly Rebecca S.Schaefer Sujin Hong Jean-Francois Mangin Katie Overy Neil Roberts Reid School of Music Alison House12 Nicolson SquareUniversity of EdinburghEH89DFUK School of Clinical Sciences The Queen’s Medical Research Institute(QMRI)University of EdinburghEH164TJUK Scottish Chamber Orchestra 4 Royal TerraceEdinburghEH75ABUK Health Medical and Neuropsychology UnitInstitute for PsychologyLeiden UniversityLeidenThe Netherlands Academy of Creative and Performing Arts Leiden UniversityLeidenThe Netherlands Neuropolitics Research lab and Edinburgh Imaging School of Social and Political ScienceUniversity of EdinburghEH89LNUK Universit′e Paris-Saclay CEACentre National de la Recherche Scientifique(CNRS)NeurospinBaobabGif-sur-YvetteFrance

Background:Post-mortem and magnetic resonance imaging(MRI)studies of the central sulcus,as an indicator of motor cortex,have shown that in the general population there is greater representation of the dominant compared to the non-dominant *** of musicians,who are highly skilled in performing complex finger movements,have suggested this dominance is affected by musical training,but methods and findings have been ***:In the present study,an automated image analysis pipeline using a 3D mesh approach was applied to measure central sulcus(CS)asymmetry on MR images obtained for a cohort of right-handed pianists and matched ***:The depth,length,and surface area(SA)of the CS and thickness of the cortical mantle adjacent to the CS were measured in each cerebral hemisphere by applying the BrainVISA Morphologist 2012 software pipeline to 3D T1-weighted MR images of the brain obtained for 15 right-handed pianists and 14 controls,matched with respect to age,sex,and *** indices(AIs)were calculated for each parameter and multivariate analysis of covariance(MANCOVA),and post hoc tests were performed to compare differences between the pianist and control ***:A one-way MANCOVA across the four AIs,controlling for age and sex,revealed a significant main effect of group(P=0.04),and post hoc analysis revealed that while SA was significantly greater in the left than the right cerebral hemisphere in controls(P<0.001),there was no significant difference between left and right SA in the pianists(P=0.634).Independent samples t-tests revealed that the SA of right CS was significantly larger in pianists compared to controls(P=0.015),with no between-group differences in left ***:Application of an image analysis pipeline to 3D MR images has provided robust evidence of sig-nificantly increased representation of the non-dominant hand in the brain of pianists compared to age-,sex-,and handedness-matched *** finding su

关键词： asymmetry brain plasticity central sulcus(CS) magnetic resonance imaging(MRI) motor cortex musicians pianists surface area(SA)

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