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Artificial light at night(ALAN) pollution alters bat lunar chronobiology:insights from broad-scale long-term acoustic monitoring

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Ecological Processes 2024年第1期13卷 176-187页

作者： Han Li Pauline Allen Saige Boris Samantha Lagrama Jade Lyons Christina Mills Pauline Moussi Casey Nichols Carter Tacosik Mc Kenzie Tsaousis Nyzaya Livingston Wilson John F.Grider Kevin A.Parker Matina C.Kalcounis-Rueppell Department of Biology University of Nebraska Omaha Department of Biology University of North Carolina Greensboro Colorado parks and Wild-life Parker Ecology LLC Department of Biological Sciences University of Alberta

Background The timing of behavior and habitat use of nocturnal animals can be influenced by the lunar cycle in nature. The prevalence of artificial light at night(ALAN) has been recognized as a source of environmental pol-lution. The interaction between ALAN and the lunar cycle on bat behavior is important for understanding anthro-pogenic effects on bats. We utilized a decade(2012–2022) of acoustic monitoring data collected in North Carolina, United States, to investigate the relationship between bat activity, lunar cycle, and light pollution. We examined whether the amount of lunar illumination affected species-specific nightly activity and whether hourly bat activity patterns varied between nights with different moon phases. We further investigated if the relationship between bat activity and the lunar cycle might be altered by light *** We found that seven bat species showed activity variation across nights in relation to the amount of moon illumination when ALAN was absent. In general, bats were less active on full moon nights compared to new moon nights. Light pollution interacted with the bat–lunar relationship in five of the seven species, masking the effect of the lunar cycle. We identified delayed bat activity patterns on nights with a full or waxing moon in seven species, and light pollution altered that pattern in four species. Overall, ALAN was associated with decreased bat activity inde-pendent of lunar cycle *** Our study demonstrated that at a broad spatial scale, ALAN negatively affected many North American temperate bat species and altered their lunar chronobiology. As light pollution is spreading to historically dark areas and habitats, ALAN might couple with other threats, such as the white-nose syndrome or climate change, to cause cascading damage in the environment that depends on ecosystem services such as pest control provided by bats. We argue that further research and conservation actions are needed to mitigate

关键词： Artificial light at night ALAN Bats Chiroptera Chronobiology Light pollution Lunar cycle Moonlight

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Effects of Land Use on Greenhouse Gas Flux in Playa Wetlands and Associated Watersheds in the High Plains, USA

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Agricultural Sciences 2019年第2期10卷 181-201页

作者： Dale W. Daniel Loren M. Smith Scott T. McMurry Brian A. Tangen Charles F. Dahl Ned H. Euliss Jr. Ted LaGrange Department of Integrative Biology Oklahoma State University Stillwater OK USA U.S. Geological Survey Northern Prairie Wildlife Research Center Jamestown ND USA nebraska game & parks commission Wetlands Program Lincoln NE USA

In the High Plains, U.S., native prairie conversion to cropland agriculture has resulted in a loss of service delivery capabilities from most depressional wetlands as a result of sedimentation. Restoring historic hydrological conditions to affected wetlands may rejuvenate some services, however, there may be tradeoffs due to emissions of CH4 and N2O. We evaluated the influence of two predominant conservation programs (Wetlands Reserve Program, WRP and Conservation Reserve Program, CRP) on gas emissions (CO2, CH4, N2O) from 42 playas and uplands in the High Plains of nebraska. Because playa restoration through the WRP is most prevalent in the Rainwater Basin (RWB), we studied 27 playas/uplands among reference condition, cropland, and WRP land uses. We studied 15 playas/uplands within native grassland, cropland, and CRP land uses in the Western High Plains (WHP) of nebraska. Emissions were collected bi-weekly from April-October of 2012 and 2013 from four landscape positions extending outward from the wetland center into upland. In RWB playas, CH4 and N2O emissions were similar among land uses but CO2 was 28% higher in cropland than WRP wetlands. Cropland uplands emitted 648% more N2O than reference and WRP uplands. Overall, net CO2-equiv emissions were lower in playas/uplands in WRP, suggesting that benefits of playa restoration may include climate mitigation services as well as increased water storage capacity and biodiversity provisioning. In the WHP, cropland and grassland playas emitted 46 and 23 times more CH4, respectively, than CRP in 2013. Playas in CRP emitted 43% less N2O than cropland playas. In 2013, net emissions for cropland and native grassland playas were 75% and 39% greater, respectively, than CRP playas. In the WHP, the benefits of lower gas emissions must be appropriately weighted against tradeoffs of ecosystem services related to shorter hydroperiods as a result of reduced runoff into playas in CRP.

关键词： Conservation Reserve Program Depressional Wetlands Ecosystem Services Global Climate Change Wetlands Reserve Program Wetland Restoration

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CHRONIC WASTING DISEASE RESEARCH: U. S. GEOLOGICAL SURVEY AND STATE AGENCY COOPERATIVE PROGRAMS

CHRONIC WASTING DISEASE RESEARCH: U. S. GEOLOGICAL SURVEY AN...

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第十九届国际动物学大会

作者： Gregory J.Smith Bruce Morrison USGS National Wildlife Program 12201 Sunrise Valley Dr. MS 301 Reston VA USA nebraska game and parks commission 2200 N. 33rd St. Lincoln NE 68503 USA

＜正＞In 2002, the U.S. Congress directed the preparation of a cooperative plan for assisting States, Federal Agencies, and Tribes in managing Chronic Wasting Disease （CWD）, a fatal neurological disease of deer and ...

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CHRONIC WASTING DISEASE IN NORTH AMERICA

CHRONIC WASTING DISEASE IN NORTH AMERICA

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第十九届国际动物学大会

作者： B.L.Morrison G.J.Smith nebraska game and parks commission 2200 N. 33rd St. Lincoln NE 68503 USA U. S. Geological Survey 12201 Sunrise Valley Drive MS 301 Reston VA 20192 USA

＜正＞Chronic Wasting Disease （CWD） is a Transmissible Spongiform Encephalophy （TSE） of cervids found only in North America. It has been found in either free-roamine or captive cervids in 10 states and 2 Ca-

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