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Xinghaiornis lini (Aves: Ornithothoraces) from the Early Cretaceous of Liaoning: An Example of Evolutionary Mosaic in Early Birds

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Acta Geologica Sinica(English Edition) 2013年第3期87卷 686-689页

作者： WANG Xuri Chiappe M. LUIS TENG Fangfang JI Qiang Institute of Geology Chinese Academy of Geological Sciences The Dinosaur Institute Natural History Museum of Los Angeles County Xinghai Paleontological museum of Dalian

We describe a new species of Early Cretaceous bird from the Yixian Formation of Liaoning Province. Xinghaiornis lini gen. et sp. nov. is relatively large and characterized by a long, toothless rostrum and an elevated pedal digit I. The design of the skull and feet suggests that this bird was likely a mud-prober. This discovery provides strong support indicating that this avian trophic specialization originated at least 125 million years ago.

关键词： Early Cretaceous Xinghaiornis lini Yixian Formation avian trophic specialization

How do small birds evolve in response to climate change?Data from the long-term record at La Brea tar pits

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Integrative Zoology 2020年第4期15卷 249-261页

作者： Katherine L.LONG Donald R.PROTHERO Valerie J.P.SYVERSON Department of Geological Sciences Cal Poly PomonaPomonaCaliforniaUSA Natural history museum of los angeles county Los AngelesCaliforniaUSA Department of Geosciences University of Wisconsin MadisonMadisonWisconsinUSA

Biology textbooks describe the small changes in the beaks of the Galápagos finches as exemplars of how birds evolve in response to environmental ***,recent studies of the abundant fossil birds at Rancho La Brea find no evidence of evolutionary responses to the dramatic climate changes of the glacial–interglacial cycle over the past 35000 years:none of the large birds exhibit any change in body size or limb proportions,even during the last glacial maximum approximately 18000–20000 years ago,when the southern California chaparral was replaced by snowy coniferous ***,these are all large birds with large ranges and broad habitat preferences,capable of living in many different *** the smaller birds at La Brea,which have smaller home ranges and narrower habitats,might respond to climate more like Galápagos *** only 3 common small birds at La Brea are the western meadowlark,the yellow-billed magpie and the *** this study,we demonstrate that these birds also show complete stasis over the last glacial–interglacial cycle,with no statistically significant changes between dated *** research suggests that the small-scale changes over short timescales seen in the Galápagos finches are merely fluctuations around a stable morphology,and rarely lead to long-term accumulation of changes or ***,the prevalence of stasis supports the view that long-term directional changes in morphology are quite *** directional changes in morphology occur frequently over short(<1 ka)timescales,in the long term such changes only rarely remain stable for long enough to appear in the fossil record.

关键词： birds evolution macroevolution microevolution Pleistocene

Sexual signal conspicuity is correlated with tail autotomy in an anoline lizard

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Current Zoology 2022年第1期68卷 129-132页

作者： Kelly LinWUTHRICH Derek STOCK Janelle B.TALAVERA Breanna J.PUTMAN Lindsey SWIERK Department of Biological Sciences Binghamton UniversityState University of New YorkBinghamtonNY 13902USA Department of Biology California State UniversityNorthridgeCA 91330-8303USA Department of Biology California State UniversitySan BernardinoCA 92407USA Department of Ecology and Evolutionary Biology University of California621 Young Drive SouthLos AngelesCA 90095-1606USA Department of Herpetology and Urban Nature Research Center Natural History Museum of Los Angeles CountyLos AngelesCA 90007USA School of Forestry and Environmental Studies Yale UniversityNew HavenCT 06511USA Amazon Conservatory for Tropical Studies IquitosLoreto 16001Peru The Morpho Institute Kansas CityMO 64113USA

Sexual selection favors conspicuous signals that animals can use to communicate with conspecifics and/or to attract ***,natural and sexual selection are often in opposition,as conspicuous sexual signals can also be detected by eavesdropping predators,forcing these signals to also evolve in light of natural selection(Andersson 1994).

关键词： signal evolve selection

Urban invaders are not bold risk-takers: a study of 3 invasive lizards in Southern California

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Current Zoology 2020年第6期66卷 657-665页

作者： Breanna J.Putman Gregory B.Pauly Daniel T.Blumstein Department of Ecology and Evolutionary Biology University of CaliforniaLos AngelesCA90095-1606USA Department of Herpetology and Urban Nature Research Center Natural History Museum of Los Angeles County900 Exposition BoulevardLos AngelesCA90007USA Department of Biology California State UniversitySan BernardinoCA 92407USA

Biological invasions threaten biodiversity worldwide,and therefore,understanding the traits of successful invaders could mitigate their *** comm only invasive species do well in disturbed habitats,such as urban environments,and their abilities to effectively respond to disturbarices could con tribute to their ***,there are non invasive species that also do well in disturbed *** question remains whether urban invaders behave differently in urban environments than noninvaders,which could suggest an"urban-exploiting"*** Southern California,the co-occurrence of in vasive Italia n wall lizards Pod arc is siculus,brown anoles Anolis sagrei,and green anoles ***,and native western fence lizards Sceloporus occidentalis offers an opportunity to test whether invasives exhibit consistent differences in risk-taking within human-altered habitats compared with a native *** predicted that invasive lizards would exhibit more bold behavior by having shorter flight-initiation distances(FIDs)and by being found farther from a refuge(behaviors that would presumably maximize foraging in low-risk environments).Invasive populations had similar or longer FIDs,but were consistently found at distances closer to a ***,invasive lizards in urban habitats were not bolder than a native *** on nearby refuges might help species successfully invade urban habitats,and if a general pattern,may pose an added challenge in detecting or eliminating them.

关键词： antipredator boldness escape behavior invasion reptile urban ecology

Uniformity in premating reproductive isolation along an intraspecific cline

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Current Zoology 2018年第5期64卷 641-652页

作者： Jeanne Marie ROBERTSON Roman NAVA Andrds VEGA Kristine KAISER Department of Biology California State University Northridge 18111 Nordhoff Street Northridge CA 91330-8303 USA naturel history museum of los angeles county 900 Exposition Boulevard Los Angeles CA 90007 USA Department of Biology San Diego State University 5500 Campanile Drive San Diego CA 92116 USA AMBICOR 400 E. 75 S. 75 E. de la Municipalidad de Tibas Tibas Costa Rica

Premating reproductive isolation (RI) may reduce gene flow across populations that have differentiated in traits important for mate choice. Examining RI across genetic and phenotypic clines can inform the fundamental evolutionary processes that underlie population and lineage differentiation. We conducted female mate-choice studies across an intraspecific red-eyed treefrog cline in Costa Rica and Panama with 2 specific aims: (1) to characterize RI across the cline and examine the relationship between premating RI and genetic and phenotypic distance and (2) to evaluate our results within a broader evolutionary and taxonomic perspective through examination of other RI studies. We found that female red-eyed treefrogs prefer local males relative to non-local males, indicating that some premating RI has evolved in this system, but that preference strength is not associated with phenotypic or geographic distance. Our analysis of 65 other studies revealed no clear pattern between the strength of RI and geographic distribution (allopatry, parapatry, cline) or phenotypic distance, but revealed extreme variation and overlap in levels of intra- and interspecific levels of RI. This work contributes to a growing body of literature that examines intraspecific RI across a cline to understand the selective processes that shape evolutionary patterns at the earliest stages of divergence.

关键词：繁殖一致性地理距离基因流动配偶选择进化过程哥斯达黎加进化模式

The First Mesozoic Heterodactyl Bird from China

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Acta Geologica Sinica(English Edition) 2006年第5期80卷 631-635页

作者： ZHANG Zihui HOU Lianhai HASEGAWA Yoshikasu Jingmai O＇CONNOR Larry D. MARTIN Luis M. CHIAPPE College of Life Sciences Capital Normal University Beijing 100037 China Institute of Vertebrate Paleontology and Paleoanthropology Chinese Academy of Science P.O. Box 643 Beijing 100044 China Gunma museum of Natural history 1674-1 Kamikuroiwa Tomioka Gunma 370-2345 Japan Natural history museum of los angeles county 900 Exposition Boulevard Los Angeles CA 90007 USA University of Southern California Los Angeles CA 90007 USA Natural history museum and the Department of Ecology and Evolutionary Biology University of Kansas Lawrence KS 66045 USA

Dalingheornis liweii gen. et sp. nov., a new enantiornithine bird was collected from the early Cretaceous Yixian Formation in northeastern China. It is the first record of a highly specialized heterodactyl foot in Mesozoic birds. The Y-shaped furcula with short hypocleidum is different from that of other enantiornithines. The minor metacarpal is robust and longer than the major metacarpal. A long bony tail composed of 20 caudal vertebrae with chevrons resembling those of dromaeosaurids and thus, highlighting again the evolutionary relationship between birds and non-avian theropods. Well-preserved alula feathers and a heterodactyl foot provide strong evidence for the arboreal habit of Dalingheornis.

关键词： Early Cretaceous heterodactyl enantiornithine Dalingheornis liweii China

Dewlap size in male water anoles associates with consistent inter-individual variation in boldness

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Current Zoology 2019年第2期65卷 189-195页

作者： Breanna J. PUTMAN Kylee R. AZURE Lindsey SWIERK Department of Ecology and Evolutionary Biology University of California Los Angeles CA 90095-1606 USA Section of Herpetology and Urban Nature Research Center Natural History Museum of Los Angeles County Los Angeles CA 90007 USA Environmental Science Department Aaniiih Nakoda College Harlem MT 59526 USA dSchool of Forestry and Environmental Studies Yale University New Haven CT 06511 USA

Male sexually selected signals can indicate competitive ability by honestly signaling fitnessrelevant traits such as condition or performance. However, behavior can also influence contest outcomes;in particular, boldness often predicts dominance rank and mating success. Here, we sought to determi ne whether male ornament size is associated with consiste nt in dividual differences in boldness in water anoles Anol is aquaticus. We measured the relative size of the dewlap, a flap of skin under the chin that is a sexually selected ornament in Anolis lizards, and tested for associations with responses to a novel and potentially risky environment: time to emerge from a refuge into an arena and number of head sea ns post-emergence. We found that in dividuals con siste ntly differed in both time to emerge and head sea nning (i.e., in dividual resp on ses were repeatable), and that dewlap size was negatively related to nu mber of head sea ns. This suggests that orname nt size could indicate male boldness if seanning represents antipredator vigilance. We found that males that had larger relative dewlaps were also in better body condition, but boldness (i.e., head scann ing) was not related to condition. Lastly, we found con siste nt d iff ere nces in behavior betwee n trials, showing that anoles were becoming habituated or sensitized to the testing arena. Overall, our study shows that in additi on to indicating con dition and perform a nee, dewlap size could also honestly indicate male boldness in Anolis lizards.

关键词： Anolis aquaticus behavioral syndrome mating success personality signal sexual selection temperament

Osteological evidence for predatory behavior of the giant percrocutid (Dinocrocuta gigantea) as an active hunter

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Chinese Science Bulletin 2010年第17期55卷 1790-1794页

作者： DENG Tao TSENG Zhijie J Key Laboratory of Evolutionary Systematics of Vertebrates Institute of Vertebrate Paleontology and Paleoanthropology Chinese Academy of Sciences Beijing 100044 China Department of Vertebrate Paleontology Natural History Museum of Los Angeles County Los Angeles CA 90007 United States Integrative and Evolutionary Biology Program Department of Biological Sciences University of Southern California Los Angeles CA 90089 United States

We present osteological evidence that a rhinocerotid skull belonging to a female Chilotherium wimani was bitten by a giant percrocutid, Dinocrocuta gigantea. Aided by comparative evidence of black rhino (Diceros bicornis) predation by extant spotted hyenas Crocuta crocuta, we interpret the healed wound on the C. wimani female as an injury incurred by the late Miocene D. gigantea. The hunting paleoecology of the giant percrocutid D. gigantea has long been speculated, but thus far no clear evidence has been discovered to point to the predatory habits of this carnivore. The present specimen of C. wimani provides evidence to indicate that the giant percrocutid shared similarities in predatory behavior to the modern spotted hyena: it was an active hunter in spite of the specialized bone-cracking craniodental morphology which imparted superb capability for processing bone.

关键词：证据巨型行为猎人晚中新世肉食动物加工能力古生态

New record of a haplocyonine amphicyonid in Early Miocene of Nei Mongol fills a long-suspected geographic hiatus

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古脊椎动物学报 2016年第1期54卷 21-35页

作者： WANG Xiao-Ming WANG Hong-Jiang JIANGZUO Qi-Gao Department of Vertebrate Paleontology Natural History Museum of Los Angeles County Los Angeles California 90007 USA Key Laboratory of Vertebrate Evolution and Human Origins of Chinese Academy of Sciences Institute of Vertebrate Paleontology and Paleoanthropology Chinese Academy of Sciences Beijing 100044 China Administration Station of Cultural Relics of Xilinguole League Xilinhaote 026000 Nei Mongol China University of Chinese Academy of Sciences Beijing 100049

犬熊科(Amphicyonidae)的4个亚科(Amphicyoninae,Daphoeninae,Haplocyoninae和Temnocyoninae)中,Haplocyoninae(简齿犬熊亚科)和Temnocyoninae(剪切犬熊亚科)是两类比较特殊的、高度食肉化的姊妹群。Haplocyoninae仅出现在欧洲的晚渐新世到早中新世,而Temnocyoninae则局限在北美的早渐新世到早中新世。目前亚洲虽还没有记录,但新近纪的亚洲无疑是欧洲与北美之间迁徙途中的必经之路。因此本文记录的新材料既是意外发现又是意料之中。2015年我们在内蒙古中部早中新世敖尔班组下红层中首次发现一枚犬熊类的左上第一臼齿。这颗臼齿虽然零星,但非常特征,属Haplocyoninae或Temnocyoninae无疑,值得记述。该牙齿由于中间的收缩及原尖周边齿带的变宽而具有明显的哑铃型轮廓。另外其原尖上的前、后脊也几乎消失,形成一种原尖缩小而且孤立的形态。上述特征与欧洲早中新世的Haplocyonoides mordax(咬合似简齿犬熊)似乎最接近,但由于材料稀少敖尔班犬熊类与北美的Temnocyon percussor更为接近的可能也不能完全排除。如果上述判断正确的话,新发现的Haplocyonoides则是目前发现的少数几例早中新世从欧洲迁移到亚洲的种类之一。这一支系在亚洲有可能延续到中中新世的Gobicyon(戈壁犬熊)。

关键词：内蒙古敖尔班早中新世犬熊亚科地理分布