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Seasonal freeze-thaw processes impact microbial communities of soil aggregates associated with soil pores on the Qinghai–Tibet Plateau

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Ecological Processes 2024年第2期 279-292页

作者： Rui-Zhe Wang Xia Hu State Key laboratory of Earth Surface Processes and resource ecology Faculty of Geographical Science Beijing Normal University School of natural resources Faculty of Geographical Science Beijing Normal University

Background Seasonal freeze-thaw(FT) processes alter soil formation and cause changes in soil microbial communi-ties, which regulate the decomposition of organic matter in alpine ecosystems. Soil aggregates are basic structural units and play a critical role in microbial habitation. However, the impact of seasonal FT processes on the distribution of microbial communities associated with soil pores in different aggregate fractions under climate change has been overlooked. In this study, we sampled soil aggregates from two typical alpine ecosystems(alpine meadow and alpine shrubland) during the seasonal FT processes(UFP: unstable freezing period, SFP: stable frozen period, UTP: unstable thawing period and STP: stable thawed period). The phospholipid fatty acid(PLFA) method was used to determine the biomass of living microbes in different aggregate *** The microbial biomass of 0.25–2 mm and 0.053–0.25 mm aggregates did not change significantly dur-ing the seasonal FT process while the microbial biomass of > 2 mm aggregates presented a significant difference between the STP and UTP. Bacterial communities dominated the microbes in aggregates, accounting for over 80% of the total PLFAs. The microbial communities of soil aggregates in the surface layer were more sensitive to the sea-sonal FT process than those in other soil layers. In the thawing period, Gram positive bacteria(GP) was more dominant. In the freezing period, the ratio of Gram-positive to Gram-negative bacterial PLFAs(GP/GN) was low because the enrichment of plant litter facilitated the formation of organic matter. In the freezing process, pores of 30–80 μm(mesopores) favored the habitation of fungal and actinobacterial communities while total PLFAs and bacterial PLFAs were negatively correlated with mesopores in the thawing *** The freezing process caused a greater variability in microbial biomass of different aggregate fractions. The thawing process increased the differences in

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Applicability and improvement of different potential evapotranspiration models in different climate zones of China

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Ecological Processes 2024年第1期13卷 262-282页

作者： Zedong Li Yiran Li Xinxiao Yu Guodong Jia Peng Chen Pengfei Zheng Yusong Wang Bingbing Ding Key laboratory of Soil & Water Conservation and Desertification Combating of Ministry of Education Beijing Forestry University College of Horticulture and Forestry Sciences Tarim University State Key laboratory of Earth Surface Processes and resource ecology Faculty of Geographical Science Beijing Normal University

Background Accurate estimation of potential evapotranspiration(PET) is the key for studying land-air interaction hydrological processes. Several models are used to estimate the PET based on standardized meteorological data. Although combination-based models have the highest level performance estimation of PET, they require more meteorological data and may therefore be difficult to apply in areas lacking meteorological observation *** The results showed significant differences in the spatial trends of PET calculated by different models in China, the Doorenbots–Pruitts model revealed the highest PET(1902.6 mm), and the Kuzmin model revealed the lowest PET(349.6 mm), with the largest difference being 5.5 times. The Romanenko and the Rohwer models were the recommended temperature-based and aerodynamic-based models. On the other hand, the Abtew model was more suitable for arid and semi-arid regions, while the Priestley–Taylor model was more suitable for humid regions. Combination-based models revealed ideal calculation accuracies, among which the Penman–Monteith model was the best option for PET *** The accuracy range of Romanenko, Rohwer, Abten, Priestley Taylor, and Penman Monteith models improved in MPZ and TCZ is higher than that improved in TMZ and SMZ. This does not mean that the improved models have higher accuracy in MPZ and TCZ than in TMZ and SMZ. On the contrary, the original model performed poorly in MPZ and TCZ, so the improved accuracy was relatively large. The unimproved model was already more suitable in TMZ and SMZ, so the improved accuracy was relatively small. Therefore, regional calibration of the PET models can improve the accuracy and applicability of PET calculation, providing a reference for studying hydrological processes in different climatic zones.

关键词： Potential evapotranspiration Climatic zone Temperature-based model Aerodynamic-based model Radiation-based model Combination-based model Model calibration

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Greenhouse gas emissions from Daihai Lake,China:Should eutrophication and salinity promote carbon emission dynamics?

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Journal of Environmental Sciences 2024年第1期135卷 407-423页

作者： Xiangwei Li Ruihong Yu Jun Wang Heyang Sun Xinyu Liu Xiaohui Ren Shuai Zhuang Zhiwei Guo Xixi Lu Inner Mongolia Key laboratory of River and Lake ecology School of Ecology and EnvironmentInner Mongolia UniversityHohhot 010070China Key laboratory of Mongolian Plateau ecology and resource Utilization Ministry of EducationHohhot 010070China Autonomous Region Collaborative Innovation Center for Integrated Management of Water resources and Water Environment in the Inner Mongolia Reaches of the Yellow River Hohhot 010018China Department of Geography National University of Singapore117570Singapore

Greenhouse gases(GHGs)emitted or absorbed by lakes are an important component of the global carbon ***,few studies have focused on the GHG dynamics of eutrophic saline lakes,thus preventing a comprehensive understanding of the carbon ***,we conducted four sampling analyses using a floating chamber in Daihai Lake,a eutrophication saline lake in Inner Mongolia Autonomous Region,China,to explore its carbon dioxide(CO_(2))and methane(CH_(4))*** mean CO_(2)emission flux(FCO_(2))and CH_(4)emission flux(FCH_(4))were 17.54±14.54 mmol/m^(2)/day and 0.50±0.50 mmol/m^(2)/day,*** results indicated that Daihai Lake was a source of CO_(2)and CH_(4),and GHG emissions exhibited temporal *** mean CO_(2)partial pressure(p CO_(2))and CH_(4)partial pressure(p CH_(4))were 561.35±109.59μatm and 17.02±13.45μatm,which were supersaturated relative to the *** regression and correlation analysis showed that the main influencing factors of p CO_(2)were wind speed,dissolved oxygen(DO),total nitrogen(TN)and Chlorophyll a(Chl.a),whereas the main influencing factors of p CH_(4)were water temperature(WT),Chl.a,nitrate nitrogen(NO_(3)^(-)-N),TN,dissolved organic carbon(DOC)and water *** regulated carbon mineralization and organic matter decomposition,and it was an important influencing factor of p CO_(2)and p CH_(4).Additionally,the trophic level index(TLI)significantly increased p CH_(4).Our study elucidated that salinity and eutrophication play an important role in the dynamic changes of GHG ***,research on eutrophic saline lakes needs to be strengthened.

关键词： Eutrophication Salinity Greenhouse gas emissions Inland lake Inner Mongolia Autonomous Region

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Depositional Responses to the Mongol-Okhotsk Ocean Closure in the Central Area of the Great Xing’an Range: Insights into Thrust Faults and Foreland Basins

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Journal of Earth Science 2024年第3期35卷 797-811页

作者： Zheren Zhao Shichao Li Lingyu Zhang College of Earth Sciences Jilin UniversityChangchun 130061China Key laboratory of Mineral resources Evaluation in Northeast Asia Ministry of Natural ResourcesChangchun 130061China Department of Geosciences and natural resource Management University of CopenhagenCopenhagen 1350Denmark

The Mongol-Okhotsk Ocean,which has been closing gradually from the west to the east beginning since the Late Paleozoic,was an important part of the Central Asian Orogenic *** influenced the tectonic framework of Northeast Asia in the Mesozoic,especially the Late Mesozoic arc-basin system that is widely distributed in the Great Xing’an ***,the manner in which the Mongol-Okhotsk Ocean affected the sedimentary basin development remains poorly *** address this issue,we conducted U-Pb dating of detrital zircon deposited sedimentary basins of the central Great Xing’an *** examining the possible provenances of the detrital zircon and the structural controls of the basins,we found that a key sedimentary unit was deposited around Late Jurassic-Early *** provenance was a felsic source in a back-arc setting of an active continental *** findings also suggest the existence of a unified geodynamic setting that affected the coeval development of basins in the northern Great Xing’an Range and the Yanshan fold-thrust belt along the northern margin of North China *** research helps to better understand the complex tectonic processes which shaped the Northeast Asia during the Late Mesozoic.

关键词： Mongol-Okhotsk tectonic domain depositional responses Murui Formation zircon geochemistry tectonics.

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Water quality, habitat, and fish assemblage relationships in middle-order agriculture and forest streams of the Mississippi Alluvial Plain

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Ecological Processes 2024年第1期13卷 217-236页

作者： Matthew L.Skoog Michael A.Eggleton Yushun Chen Department of Aquaculture and Fisheries University of Arkansas at Pine Bluff Minnesota Department of natural resources State Key laboratory of Freshwater ecology and Biotechnology Institute of Hydrobiology Chinese Academy of Sciences University of Chinese Academy of Sciences

Background Agriculture has greatly influenced water quality, habitats, and fish assemblages in streams of the Mississippi Alluvial Plain(MAP) ecoregion. However, MAP streams have historically been understudied compared to streams in other agricultural regions of the USA. In this study, water quality, habitat, and fish assemblage composition were assessed seasonally(spring, summer, and fall) in eight representative MAP streams located across three U.S. states. The study design included four streams containing highly agricultural watersheds(herein termed “agriculture” streams) and four streams containing mostly forested watersheds(herein termed “forest” streams), which were intended to represent reference conditions for MAP *** In general, forest streams contained significantly better instream and riparian habitats than agriculture streams(P = 0.010–0.040) whereas agriculture streams contained significantly greater levels of primary nutrients(P < 0.001–0.010). Differences between agriculture and forest streams with respect to other physical and chemical variables were intermittent and season dependent. Fish assemblages in agriculture and forest streams were structured primarily along an environmental gradient reflecting instream habitat conditions, water nutrient concentrations, and benthic chlorophyll-a production. Structurally, fish assemblages in both stream types contained many regionally common species, though some species appeared to exhibit affinities for a particular stream type. Functionally, fish assemblages in agriculture streams contained more tolerant species, more omnivores, and fewer insectivores compared to forest stream assemblages, which were nearly all insectivores. Overall, one-third of the fish specimens collected in forest streams classified as intolerant *** Our results suggested that stream water quality, habitat, and fish assemblages differed between agriculture and forest streams in the MAP, with fish assemblages e

关键词： Agriculture Stream Land use Water quality Habitat Fish Multivariate statistics Mississippi Alluvial Plain

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Factors contributing to the oxygen concentration over the Qinghai-Tibetan Plateau and its contribution rate calculation

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Science China Earth Sciences 2024年第2期67卷 497-509页

作者： Peijun SHI Ying ZHANG Yanqiang CHEN Wenquan ZHU Xiaokang HU Heyi YANG Lu JIANG Yonggui MA Haiping TANG State Key laboratory of Earth Surface Processes and resource ecology Beijing Normal UniversityBeijing100875China Key laboratory of Environmental Change and natural Disaster Ministry of EducationBeijing Normal UniversityBeijing100875China The Institute for Disaster Management and Reconstruction Sichuan UniversityChengdu610065China Academy of Plateau Science and Sustainability People’s Government of Qinghai Province&Beijing Normal UniversityXining810016China

A decline in atmospheric oxygen concentration is projected in the 21st century given the background of global *** Qinghai-Tibetan Plateau is located at a high altitude,and thus,it faces a hypoxia challenge;however,knowledge of the factors contributing to its atmospheric oxygen concentration is still ***,we conducted joint observations of ecosystem oxygen production and carbon sinks and near-surface atmospheric oxygen concentrations on the Qinghai-Tibetan Plateau and meteorological elements at Beijing Fangshan *** seasonal differences and statistical methods,we calculated the relative contribution rates of vegetation to changes in atmospheric oxygen *** results indicate that solar radiation,atmospheric humidity,and ecosystem oxygen consumption and production have a significant impact on the atmospheric oxygen concentration,and the impact shows temporal and spatial *** significantly impacts the oxygen concentration,with a contribution rate of 16.7%–24.5%,which is underestimated in existing *** findings provide important insights into the factors that influence atmospheric oxygen concentration and highlight the contribution of *** better understand the oxygen dynamics of the Qinghai-Tibetan Plateau,we recommend further field observations of soil respiration and vegetation photosynthesis to clarify the contributions of carbon storage,carbon sinks and other factors to the near-surface atmospheric oxygen concentration.

关键词： Qinghai-Tibetan Plateau Oxygen concentration Relative contribution rate Air temperature Vegetation

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The response and anti-stress mechanisms of nitrifying sludge under long-term exposure to Cd Se quantum dots

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Journal of Environmental Sciences 2024年第1期135卷 174-184页

作者： Linkai Guo Lei Yang Yongxiang Ren Shen Cui Xiaotong Li Jia Wang Jun Lan Haoqi Lu Yuchao Wang Shaanxi Key laboratory of Environmental Engineering Xi’an University of Architecture and TechnologyXi’an 710055China Key Lab of Northwest Water resource Environment and EcologyMinistry of EducationXi’an University of Architecture and TechnologyXi’an 710055China

The wide application of CdSe quantum dots(QDs)increases its stress risk to sewage treatment *** study evaluated the response of nitrification performance,floc characteristics and microbial community of nitrifying sludge under long-term exposure to CdSe *** showed CdSe QDs(≥1 mg/L)would decrease the activity of ammonia monooxygenase(AMO).Under the stress of 30 mg/L CdSe QDs,the activity of AMO was reduced by 66%,while the activities of hydroxylamine oxidase and nitrite oxidoreductase were enhanced by 19.1%and 26%,***,the final nitrification effects were not adversely affected,and the production rates of NO_(2)^(-)-N and NO_(3)^(-)-N were ***,CdSe QDs improved biomass concentration in sludge and maintained the stability of sludge *** throughput sequencing analysis showed that CdSe QDs evidently reduced the abundance and diversity of microbial community in nitrifying *** abundances of amino acid metabolism and lipid metabolism were ***,CdSe QDs decreased the fluorescence intensity of tryptophan-like protein from 2,326 to 1,179 *** loosely bound extracellular polymeric substances(EPSs)and from 3,792 to 3,117 *** tightly bound *** relieve CdSe QD stress,the polysaccharide content increased from0.31 to 0.61 mg/g MLSS and intracellular antioxidant defense was *** CdSe QD level increasing to 30 mg/L,the total antioxygenic capacity and the activities of catalase were enhanced up to 411%and 143.2%,***,CdSe QDs had little adverse effects on cell membrane integrity,microbial metabolism and the abundance of Nitrospirae.

关键词： Quantum dots Activated sludge Extracellular polymeric substances Microbial community Antioxidant effect

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Bird specimen number linked with species trait and climate niche breadth

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Avian Research 2024年第1期15卷 108-115页

作者： Xiaoyu Duan Xiongwei Huang Jingya Zhang Shuo Lv Gang Song Yanping Wang Gang Feng Ministry of Education Key laboratory of ecology and resource Use of the Mongolian Plateau&Inner Mongolia Key laboratory of Grassland ecology School of Ecology and EnvironmentInner Mongolia UniversityHohhot010020China Key laboratory of Marine Biotechnology of Fujian Province Institute of OceanologyCollege of Marine SciencesFujian Agriculture and Forestry UniversityFuzhou350002China Key laboratory of Zoological Systematics and Evolution Institute of ZoologyChinese Academy of SciencesBeijing100101China laboratory of Island Biogeography and Conservation Biology College of Life SciencesNanjing Normal UniversityNanjing210023China

Biological specimens are fundamental for taxonomy and flora/fauna *** importantly,they also play crucial roles in recording environmental impacts on morphology and behavior,which is vital for biodiversity research and ***,there are few systematic studies on the patterns and drivers of bird specimen number at regional *** study is the first attempt to examine the relationships between bird specimen number and species traits as well as climate niche breadth in China,aiming to answer two questions:1)how do species’temperature niche breadth and precipitation niche breadth influence specimen number?2)which trait is most associated with bird specimen number?The associations between bird specimen number and explanatory variables were examined using ordinary least squares,generalized linear models,phylogenetic generalized linear mixed models,and multiple *** results showed that Muscicapidae was the family with the highest specimen number,and Passeriformes was the order with the highest specimen *** specimen number significantly increased with larger temperature niche breadth and precipitation niche *** number was also positively associated with geographic range size,habitat specificity,hunting vulnerability and clutch size,but negatively associated with body *** findings suggest that future bird specimen collection should pay more attention to birds with limited ecological niches,large body sizes,and small clutch *** research enhances the use of bird specimen data to study and preserve biodiversity.

关键词： Biodiversity conservation Biological specimens Bird traits Scientific collection Specimen number Temperature and precipitation

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Steroidal scaffold decorations in Solanum alkaloid biosynthesis

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Molecular Plant 2024年第8期17卷 1236-1254页

作者： Rosalind Lucier Mohamed O.Kamileen Yoko Nakamura Sofia Serediuk Ranjit Barbole Jens Wurlitzer Maritta Kunert Sarah Heinicke Sarah E.O'Connor Prashant D.Sonawane Department of natural Product Biosynthesis Max Planck Institute for Chemical Ecology07745 JenaGermany Research Group Biosynthesis and NMR Max Planck Institute for Chemical Ecology07745 JenaGermany Biochemical Sciences Division CSIR-National Chemical LaboratoryPune 411008MaharashtraIndia

Steroidal glycoalkaloids(SGAs)are specialized metabolites produced by hundreds of Solanum species,including important vegetable crops such as tomato,potato,and *** it has been known that SGAs play important roles in defense in plants and“anti-nutritional"effects(e.g.,toxicity and bitterness)to humans,many of these molecules have documented anti-cancer,anti-microbial,antiinflammatory,anti-viral,and anti-pyretic *** these,α-solasonine andα-solamargine isolated from black nightshade(Solanum nigrum)are reported to have potent anti-tumor,anti-proliferative,and anti-inflammatory ***,α-solasonine andα-solamargine,along with the core steroidal aglycone solasodine,are the most widespread SGAs produced among the Solanum ***,it is still unknown how plants synthesize these bioactive steroidal *** comparative metabolomictranscriptome-guided approach,biosynthetic logic,combinatorial expression in Nicotiana benthamiana,and functional recombinant enzyme assays,here we report the discovery of 12 enzymes from *** that converts the starting cholesterol precursorto solasodine aglycone,and the downstreamα-solasonine,α-solamargine,and malonyl-solamargine SGA *** further identified six enzymes from cultivated eggplant that catalyze the production ofα-solasonine,α-solamargine,and malonyl-solamargine SGAs from solasodine aglycone via glycosylation and atypical malonylation *** work provides the gene tool box and platform for engineering the production of high-value,steroidal bioactive molecules inheterologoushosts usingsyntheticbiology.

关键词： steroidal glycoalkaloids Solanum biosynthetic pathway α-solamargine malonyl-solamargine specialized metabolites

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natural products from untapped sources as a potent reserve against antimicrobial resistance crisis

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Chinese Journal of natural Medicines 2024年第7期22卷 577-579页

作者： GU Xiaoxia SUN Weiguang HU Zhengxi Hubei Key laboratory of natural Medicinal Chemistry and resource Evaluation School of PharmacyTongji Medical CollegeHuazhong University of Science and TechnologyWuhan 430030China

Since the discovery of penicillin in 1928,antibiotics have revolutionized modern medicine by effectively treating infectious diseases and saving countless ***,the widespread development of antimicrobial resistance(AMR)now threatens the efficacy and longevity of these critical drugs.A study published in The Lancet reported that bacterial AMR contributed to approximately 4.95 million deaths globally in 2019,with 1.27 million directly attributable to AMR(Fig.1)[1].natural products(NPs)continue to play a crucial role in discovering new antibiotics.

关键词： natural products Untapped sources Antimicrobial resistance

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