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Insect Science 2024年第2期31卷 524-532页

作者： Tomer Urcai Eran Levin Eran Gefen Gal Ribak Faculty of Life Sciences School of ZoologyTel Aviv UniversityTel AvivIsrael Steinhardt museum of natural history Israel National Center for Biodiversity StudiesTel AvivIsrael Department of Biology University of Haifa-OranimKiryat TivonIsrael

The scaling of the energetic cost of locomotion with body mass is well documented at the interspecific level.However,methodological restrictions limit our understanding of the scaling of flight metabolic rate(MR)in free-flying insects.This is particularly true at the intraspecific level,where variation in body mass and flight energetics may have direct consequences for the fitness of an individual.We applied a 13C stable isotope method to investigate the scaling of MR with body mass during free-flight in the beetle Batocera rufomaculata.This species exhibits large intraspecific variation in adult body mass as a consequence of the environmental conditions during larval growth.We show that the flight-MR scales with body mass to the power of 0.57,with smaller conspecifics possessing up to 2.3 fold higher mass-specific flight MR than larger ones.Whereas the scaling exponent of free-flight MR was found to be like that determined for tethered-flight,the energy expenditure during free-flight was more than 2.7 fold higher than for tethered-flight.The metabolic cost of flight should therefore be studied under free-flight conditions,a requirement now enabled by the 13C technique described herein for insect flight.

关键词： allometry body mass Coleoptera free-flight insect flight stable carbon isotope tethered-flight

Morphological comparison and molecular marker screening of three Skeletonema species found in Changjiang(Yangtze)River Basin

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Journal of Oceanology and Limnology 2024年第3期42卷 923-942页

作者： Jingwen HU Yuxin YI Zhengxin YANG John Patrick KOCIOLEK Pan YU Quanxi WANG Qingmin YOU College of Life Sciences Shanghai Normal UniversityShanghai 200235China museum of natural history University of ColoradoBoulder 80309USA College of Environmental and Geographical Sciences Shanghai Normal UniversityShanghai 200235China

In our recent investigations of diatom diversity,we studied three species,namely,Skeletonema costatum,Skeletonema subsalsum,and Skeletonema potamos.Although they have been found frequently in Changjiang(Yangtze)River Basin,their morphological and molecular identification is difficult in taxonomy.Therefore,to integrate morphological and molecular biological approaches,we compared systematically their morphological characters and performed phylogenetic analysis.Twelve strains of Skeletonema were collected and isolated from Shanghai and Jiangsu,China,and their morphological characteristics were examined by light microscopy(LM)and the scanning electron microscopy(SEM).Based on morphological comparison,we determined that S.potamos is easy to distinguish from the other two species.The heavily silicified areolae,undulated or cleft distal ends of terminal fultoportula processes(TFPPs),absence of basal pores of fultoportula processes(FPPs),the rootlike protrusions of FPPs,and no interlocking connection are the stable characteristics that can be used to identify S.potamos.However,there are only two features that can distinguish S.costatum from S.subsalsum,namely the location of terminal rimoportulae(TRPs)and the distal shape of TFPPs.In addition,we amplified and sequenced nine common genetic markers from the strains,from which 101 sequences were obtained,constructed phylogenetic trees based on the nine genes and evaluated that seven genes can be used to identify S.potamos,and revealed that S.subsalsum is the closest known relative of S.costatum,and only ATP synthetase beta-subunit gene(atp B)is able to distinguish them from each other,which strongly support that it is an effective molecular marker for Skeletonema.This work provided a theoretical basis for the taxonomic study of Skeletonema.

关键词： Skeletonema Changjiang River morphological change distinguishing morphological characteristics molecular marker

Lineaperpetua gen.nov.:a new diatom genus in the Thalassiosirales supported by morphology and molecular data

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Journal of Oceanology and Limnology 2024年第1期42卷 277-290页

作者： Pan YU Lin YANG Qingmin YOU John Patrick KOCIOLEK Kangyu WANG Yonghong BI Quanxi WANG College of Life Sciences Shanghai Normal UniversityShanghai 200234China Institute of Hydrobiology Chinese Academy of SciencesWuhan 430072China museum of natural history and Department of Ecology and Evolutionary Biology University of ColoradoUCB 218Boulder CO 80309USA

Based on a combination of morphology and molecular data of ribosomal DNA genes,a new diatom genus Lineaperpetua gen.nov.Yu,You,Kociolek&Wang is described.The features that help define Lineaperpetua at the level of genus include:a tangentially undulated valve face;continuous cribra areolae on the valve interior consisting of pores arranged as strips;single rimoportula located inside the ring of marginal fultoportulae.Additionally,phylogenetic analysis based on nuclear small subunit(SSU)rDNA sequences and nuclear large subunit(LSU)rDNA gene placed the three strains of L.lacustris in a single,monophyletic clade at a considerable sequence distance from the other genera(Thalassiosira,Conticribra,Planktoniella,Shinodiscus,and other genera)belonging to Thalassiosirales.Despite the similarities with some species of Thalassiosira,Conticribra,and Spicaticribra,the suite of features found in Lineaperpetua differentiate it from these other genera.These molecular data and morphological characters suggest an affinity of the new genus to the Thalassiosiraceae.

关键词： diatom morphology new genus phylogeny taxonomy Thalassiosiraceae

The first record of a Konservat-Lagerstätten in which early post-settlement stages of fossil archaeobalanids(Cirripedia:Balanomorpha)are preserved

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Integrative Zoology 2024年第2期19卷 200-223页

作者： Tomáš KOCÍ Rok GAŠPARIC John BUCKERIDGE Martina KOCOVÁ VESELSKÁ Aleš ŠOSTER Ivancická581 PragueCzech Republic Palaeontological Department Natural History MuseumNational MuseumPragueCzech Republic Oertijdmuseum Bosscheweg 80Boxtel5293 WBThe Netherlands Institute for Palaeobiology and Evolution Novi TrgKamnikSlovenia Earth and Oceanic Systems Group RMIT UniversityMelbourneAustralia museums Victoria CarltonVictoriaAustralia Department of Paleobiology and Paleoecology Institute of Geology of the Czech Academy of SciencesPragueCzech Republic Institute of Geology and Palaeontology Charles UniversityPragueCzech Republic Faculty of natural Sciences and Engineering University of LjubljanaLjubljanaSlovenia

A diverse sessile barnacle fauna from a Miocene shallow-water deposit at Dolnja Stara vas in Slovenia is described.It includes the first descriptions of early post settlement juveniles of Actinobalanus sloveniensis attached to mangrove leaves.These represent three distinct growth phases,the earliest being interpreted as being less than 24 h post settlement,the others being 1 to 2 days post settlement.An assessment of their taphonomy is provided.Associated adult balanomorphs are attached to a variety of organic substrates,including mangrove leaves and branches,fragments of the conifers?Taxodioxylon,Carapoxylon,pine cones,molluscs,and cetacean bones.The barnacles include A.sloveniensis,Amphibalanus venustus,and Perforatus perforatus—many with opercula retained within the shells.A.venustus retains some of the original shell color.This is the second record of barnacle–plant associations from the Central Paratethys from Kamnik and Trbovlje.The paleoecology and paleogeography of the site are discussed.

关键词： acorn barnacles barnacle metamorphosis epibiont paleoecology taxonomy

A new diatom genus Spargeria gen.nov.(Bacillariophyceae)from Xizang,China,and the description of two new species

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Journal of Oceanology and Limnology 2024年第1期42卷 291-303页

作者： Yan LIU John Patrick KOCIOLEK Li WANG Xinxin LU Huan ZHU Guoxiang LIU Fengyang SUI Yawen FAN College of Life Science and Technology Harbin Normal UniversityHarbin 150025China museum of natural history and Department of Ecology and Evolutionary Biology University of ColoradoBoulder CO 80309USA Key Laboratory of Algal Biology Institute of HydrobiologyChinese Academy of SciencesWuhan 430072China

During our investigation of diatom biodiversity in Xizang,two species exhibited unique morphological features discriminative from all previously known genera.Herein we describe these two species and describe as new the genus,Spargeria gen.nov.The new genus features narrow to wide rectangular valves,narrow valve mantles,filiform raphe branches that occur on the valve face only,terminal raphe fissures straight or slightly deflected to same side,bow-tie shaped central areas,chambered striae present on the valve face only,being absent from the mantle,wider striae near the axial area and very narrow near the margin,multiseriate striae with small and round areolae that are occluded externally.Comparatively,Spargeria zhuii sp.***.has larger and robust valves,radiate striae,with one divergent stria near the apices,while Spargeria chenia sp.***.is smaller,with narrow valves,striae slightly radiate in the middle,becoming convergent or parallel near apices.This new genus belongs to the family Pinnulariaceae,and it was compared and contrasted with other genera of this family.Our work suggests the need for continued studies to document the biodiversity of diatoms in Xizang.

关键词： Spargeria new genus Pinnulariaceae morphology Xizang

High association strengths are linked to phenotypic similarity,including plumage color and patterns,of participants in mixed-species bird flocks of southwestern China

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Current Zoology 2024年第1期70卷 34-44页

作者： Liping Zhou Christos Mammides Youfang Chen Wenyi Zhou Wenzhang Dai Edward L.Braun Rebecca T.Kimball Yang Liu Scott K.Robinson Eben Goodale Guangxi Key Laboratory of Forest Ecology and Conservation College of ForestryGuangxi UniversityNanning 530004China Kunming natural history museum of Zoology Kunming Institute of ZoologyChinese Academy of SciencesKunming 650223China Nature Conservation Unit Frederick University7Yianni Frederickou StreetPallouriotissaNicosia 1036Cyprus State Key Laboratory of Vegetation and Environmental Change Institute of BotanyChinese Academy of SciencesBeijing 100093China Florida museum of natural history University of FloridaGainesvilleFL 34201USA Department of Biology University of FloridaGainesvilleFL 34201USA School of Life Science and Institute of Wetland Ecology Nanjing UniversityNanjing 210000China State Key Laboratory of Biocontrol School of EcologySun-Yatsen UniversityGuangzhou 510275China Department of Health and Environmental Science Xi'an Jiaotong Liverpool UniversitySuzhou 215123China

Participants in mixed-species bird flocks(MSFs)have been shown to associate with species that are similar in body size,diet,and evolutionary history,suggesting that facilitation structures these assemblages.In addition,several studies have suggested that species in MsFs resemble each other in their plumage,but this question has not been systematically investigated for any MsF system.During the nonbreeding season of 2020 and 2021,we sampled 585 MSFs on 14 transects in 2 habitats of Tongbiguang Nature Reserve in western Yunnan Province,China.We performed social network analysis and the Multiple Regression Quadratic Assignment Procedure to evaluate the effect of 4 species traits(body size,overall plumage color,distinctive plumage patterns,and diet)and evolutionary history on species association strength at the whole-MSF and within-MSF levels.All 41 significant relationships showed that species with stronger associations were more similar in their various traits.Body size had the strongest effect on association strength,followed by phylogeny,plumage patterns,and plumage color;diet had the weakest effect.Our results are consistent with the hypotheses that the benefits of associating with phenotypically similar species outweigh the potential costs of interspecific competition,and that trait matching can occur in plumage characteristics,albeit more weakly than in other traits.Several explanations exist as to why similarities in plumage may occur in MSFs,including that they could reduce predators'ability to target phenotypically"odd"individuals.Whether trait matching in plumage occurs through assortative processes in ecological time or is influenced by co-evolution requires furtherstudy.

关键词： co-evolution interaction networks mixed-species animal groups phenotypic similarity trait convergence

Quantitative analysis of the morphing wing mechanism of raptors: Analysis methods, folding motions, and bionic design of Falco Peregrinus

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Fundamental Research 2024年第2期4卷 344-352页

作者： Di Tang Xipeng Huang Jinqi Che Weijie Jin Yahui Cui Yangjun Chen Yuxiao Yuan Zhongyong Fan Weiwei Lu Siyu Wang Yin Yang Dawei Liu College of Mechanical Engineering Zhejiang University of TechnologyHangzhou 310014China Affiliated HangZhou XiXi hospital Zhejiang University School of MedicineHangzhou 310023China Zhejiang museum of natural history Hangzhou 310014China High Speed Aerodynamic Institute China Aerodynamics Research and Development CenterMianyang 621000China

Raptors can change the shape and area of their wings to an exceptional degree in a fast and efficient manner,surpassing other birds,insects,or bats.Some researchers have focused on the functional properties of muscle skeletons,mechanics,and flapping robot design.However,the wing motion of the birds of prey has not been measured quantitatively,and synthetic bionic wings with morphing abilities similar to raptors are far from reality.Therefore,in the current study,a 3D suspension system for holding bird carcasses was designed and fabricated to fasten the wings of Falco Peregrinus with a series of morphing postures.Subsequently,the wing skeleton of the falcon was scanned during extending motions using the computed tomography(CT)approach to obtain three consecutive poses.Subsequently,the skeleton was reconstructed to identify the contribution of the forelimb bones to the extending/folding motions.Inspired by these findings,we propose a simple mechanical model with four bones to form a wing-morphing mechanism using the proposed pose optimisation method.Finally,a bionic wing mechanism was implemented to imitate the motion of the falcon wing—divided into inner and outer wings with folding and twisting motions.The results show that the proposed four-bar mechanism can track bone motion paths with high fidelity.

关键词： Falco Peregrinus Raptor Suspension system CT scan Bionic wings Four-bar mechanism

Correlation of personality with individual reproductive success in shrub-nesting birds depends on their life history style

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Avian Research 2024年第1期15卷 42-49页

作者： Jianchuan Li Wen Zhang Ningning Sun Yujie Wang Lifang Gao Ran Feng Liqing Fan Bo Du Tibet museum of natural Science Lhasa850011China School of Life Sciences Lanzhou UniversityLanzhou730000China Institute of Plateau Ecology Tibet Agricultural and Animal Husbandry UniversityLinzhi860000China

Two questions in the research of animal personality—whether there is a correlation between a personality trait and individual reproductive success,and what is the genetic basis underlying a personality trait—remain unresolved.We addressed these two questions in three shrub-nesting birds,the Azure-winged Magpie(Cyanopica cyanus,AM),White-collared Blackbird(Turdus albocinctus,WB),and Brown-cheeked Laughingthrush(Trochalopteron henrici,BL).The personality type of an individual was first identified according to its response to a territorial intruder.Then,we compared the fleeing distance,breeding parameters,and differential expressed genes(DEGs) in the brain transcriptome between bold and shy breeders.In the three species,bold breeders exhibited more aggressiveness towards an intruder of their territory than did shy breeders.The reproductive success of bold breeders was significantly higher than that of shy breeders in AM but not in WB and BL.The three species shared one DEG,crabp1,which was up-regulated in bold relative to in shy individuals.By regulating the expression of corticotropin-releasing hormone,higher crabp1 gene expression can decrease cellular response to retinoic acid.Therefore,bold individuals are insensitive to external stresses and able to exhibit more aggressiveness to intruders than their shier counterparts.Aggressiveness is beneficial to bold individuals in AM but not in WB and BL because the former could evoke neighbors to make the same response of defending against intruders but the latter could not.Although a personality trait may have the same genetic basis across species,its correlation with reproductive success depends largely on the life history style of a species.

关键词： Boldness Life history style Personality Reproductive success Transcriptome analysis

盐分介导下芦苇对不同邻体植物的表型可塑性响应

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Journal of Plant Ecology 2024年第3期17卷 95-103页

作者： Huijia Song Xiao Guo Jingcheng Yang Lele Liu Mingyan Li Jingfeng Wang Weihua Guo National natural history museum of China Beijing 100050China Key Laboratory of Ecological Prewarning Protectionand Restoration of Bohai SeaMinistry of Natural ResourcesSchool of Life SciencesShandong UniversityQingdao 266237China College of Landscape Architecture and Forestry Qingdao Agricultural UniversityQingdao 266109China

随着滨海湿地生态系统盐胁迫增加,群落中的植物同时受到盐胁迫和植物相互作用的影响。非生物因素干扰植物之间竞争和促进效应的稳定,使植物产生复杂的表型可塑性响应。探讨不同的邻体物种及对性状可塑性的影响将会扩展胁迫梯度假说,深... 详细信息

随着滨海湿地生态系统盐胁迫增加,群落中的植物同时受到盐胁迫和植物相互作用的影响。非生物因素干扰植物之间竞争和促进效应的稳定,使植物产生复杂的表型可塑性响应。探讨不同的邻体物种及对性状可塑性的影响将会扩展胁迫梯度假说,深入理解盐沼湿地的物种分布特征。本研究开展温室控制实验,探究盐胁迫下(0和10 g/L)芦苇(Phragmites australis)对3种功能类型7种邻体植物(同种植物、禾草类植物和杂草类植物)的表型可塑性响应。实验测量了株高、基径、密度、叶厚度、比叶面积、总生物量和各部分生物量等性状,计算了邻体效应指数(基于生物量)和相对表型可塑性指数。结果表明,盐分显著降低了芦苇的生物量、株高、密度和基径。邻体植物的功能类型显著影响芦苇的生长性状。盐分为0 g/L时,禾草类植物对芦苇形成负的竞争效应,但在10 g/L盐分下,这种负效应转变为正的促进作用。芦苇的生长性状对盐分和竞争具有可塑性反应,如增加地下生物量以获得更多的水分和资源,可塑性指数在盐分条件下比竞争条件下更高。总之,植物-植物相互作用对胁迫的响应随植物功能类型和性状可塑性而异。

关键词：功能性状表型可塑性相互作用耐盐性胁迫梯度假说

The Silk roads: phylogeography of Central Asian dice snakes (Serpentes: Natricidae) shaped by rivers in deserts and mountain valleys

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Current Zoology 2024年第2期70卷 150-162页

作者： Daniel Jablonski Konrad Mebert Rafaqat Masroor Evgeniy Simonov Oleg Kukushkin Timur Abduraupov Sylvia Hofmann Department of Zoology Comenius University in BratislavaBratislavaSlovakia Global Biology BirrSwitzerland Pakistan museum of natural history ShakarparianIslamabadPakistan Severtsov Institute of Ecology and Evolution Russian Academy of SciencesMoscowRussia T.I.Vyazemski Karadag Scientific Station-Nature Reserve—Branch of A.0.Kovalevsky Institute of Biology of the Southern Seas TheodosiaCrimea Zoological Institute of the RAS Saint PetersbourgRussia Institute of Zoology Academy of Sciences of the Republic of UzbekistanYunusabadTashkentUzbekistan museum Koenig Bonn LIBLeibniz Institute for the Analysis of Biodiversity ChangeBonnGermany UFZ-Helmholtz Centre for Environmental Research Department of Conservation BiologyPermoserstrasse 1504318 LeipzigGermany

Influenced by rapid changes in climate and landscape features since the Miocene,widely distributed species provide suitable models to study the environmental impact on their evolution and current genetic diversity.The dice snake Natrix tessellata,widely distributed in the Western Palearctic is one such species.We aimed to resolve a detailed phylogeography of N.tessellata with a focus on the Central Asian clade with 4 and the Anatolia clade with 3 mitochondrial lineages,trace their origin,and correlate the environmental changes that affected their distribution through time.The expected time of divergence of both clades began at 3.7 Mya in the Pliocene,reaching lineage differentiation approximately 1 million years later.The genetic diversity in both clades is rich,suggesting different ancestral areas,glacial refugia,demographic changes,and colonization routes.The Caspian lineage is the most widespread lineage in Central Asia,distributed around the Caspian Sea and reaching the foothills of the Hindu Kush Mountains in Afghanistan,and Eastern European lowlands in the west.Its distribution is limited by deserts,moun-tains,and cold steppe environments.Similarly,Kazakhstan and Uzbekistan lineages followed the Amu Darya and the Syr Darya water systems in Central Asia,with ranges delimited by the large Kyzylkum and Karakum deserts.On the western side,there are several lineages within the Anatolia clade that converged in the central part of the peninsula with 2 being endemic to Western Asia.The distribution of both main clades was affected by expansion from their Pleistocene glacial refugia around the Caspian Sea and in the valleys of Central Asia as well as by environmental changes,mostly through aridification.

关键词： biogeography colonization Eurasia genetic diversity mitochondrial DNA Paratethys refugia water snakes.