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Numerical Simulation of Sub-cooled Cavitating Flow by Using Bubble Size Distribution

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Journal of Thermal Science 2003年第4期12卷 350-356页

作者： Yutaka ITO es.titech.ac.jp Hideki WAKAMATSU es.titech.ac.jp Takao NAGASAKI es.titech.ac.jp Department of Energy Sciences Tokyo Institute of Technology 4259 Nagatsuta-cho Midori-ku Yokohama 226-8502 Japan E-mail: itoDepartment of Energy Sciences Tokyo Institute of Technology 4259 Nagatsuta-cho Midori-ku Yokohama 226-8502 Japan E-mail: itoDepartment of Energy Sciences Tokyo Institute of Technology 4259 Nagatsuta-cho Midori-ku Yokohama 226-8502 Japan E-mail: ito

A new cavitating model by using bubble size distribution based on mass of bubbles is proposed. Liquid phase is treated with Eulerian framework as a mixture containing minute cavitating bubbles. Vapor phase consists of various sizes of minute vapor bubbles, which is distributed to classes based on their mass. The change of bubble number density for each class was solved by considering the change of bubble mass due to phase change as well as generation of new bubbles due to heterogeneous nucleation. In this method the mass of bubbles is treated as an independent variable, in other word, a new coordinate, and dependant variables are solved in Eulerian framework for spatial coordinates and bubble-mass coordinate. The present method is applied to a cavitating flow in a convergent-divergent nozzle, and the two-phase flow with bubble size distribution and phase change was successfully predicted.

关键词： cavitation numerical simulation liquid nitrogen bubble size distribution.

Molecular Basis of Neuroimmune Interaction in an In Vitro Coculture Approach

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Cellular & Molecular Immunology 2008年第4期5卷 249-259页

作者： Mamoru Nakanishi Tadahide Furuno School of Pharmacy Aichi Gakuin University 1-100 Kusumoto-choChikusa-kuNagoya 464-8650Japan

A team of researchers from Nagoya, Tokyo and Hamilton developed a unique technique for studying neuroimmune interaction with confocal laser scanning fluorescence microscopy several years ago. It relies on guiding immune and nerve cell interaction by creating an adhesive environment using an in vitro coculture dish. With their technique, they are able to study details of the mechanism of how nerve cells communicate with immune cells （mast cells and T lymphocytes） and vice versa. They showed that nerve-mast cell communication could occur in the absence of an intermediary transducing cell and that the neuropeptide substance P, operating v/a NK-1 receptors, was a soluble factor of this communication. In addition, recently, they showed that ATP which was released from activated mast cells mediated the activation of nerve cells. Further, with their technique, Nagoya＇s group was able to study details of the molecular mechanism of nerve-mast cell interaction. N-cadherin and CADM1 （cell adhesion molecule 1） appeared to mediate attachment and promoted the communication between mast cells and nerves predominantly. It would lead to new therapeutic modalities for diseases based on neuroimmune interaction such as neurogenic inflammation, intestinal bowel diseases, asthma, and autoimmune disorders. Cellular ＆ Molecular Immunology. 2008;5（4）：249-259.

关键词： neuro-immunology coculture confocal microscopy soluble factor adhesion molecule

Intraoperative ultrasound as an educational guide for laparoscopic biliary surgery

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World Journal of Gastroenterology 2008年第15期14卷 2370-2376页

作者： Kenichi Hakamada Shunji Narumi Yoshikazu Toyoki Masaki Nara Motonari Oohashi Takuya Miura Hiroyuki Jin Syuichi Yoshihara Michihiro Sugai Mutsuo Sasaki Department of Gastroenterological Surgery Hirosaki University Graduate School of Medicine5 Zaifu-choHirosaki 036-8562Japan

AIM: To analyze the efficacy of routine intraoperative ultrasound (IOUS) as a guide for understanding biliary tract anatomy, to avoid bile duct injury (BDI) after laparoscopic cholecystectomy (LC), as well as any burden during the learning period. METHODS: A retrospective analysis was performed using 644 consecutive patients who underwent LC from 1991 to 2006. An educational program with the use of IOUS as an operative guide has been used in 276 cases since 1998. RESULTS: IOUS was highly feasible even in patients with high-grade cholecystitis. No BDI was observed after the introduction of the educational program, despite 72% of operations being performed by inexperienced surgeons. Incidences of other morbidity, mortality, and late complications were comparable before and after the introduction of routine IOUS. However, the operation time was significantly extended after the educational program began (P cholecystitis (P = 0.002), use of IOUS (P = 0.01), and the experience of the surgeons (P = 0.05) were significant factors for extending the length of operation. CONCLUSION: IOUS during LC was found to be a highly feasible modality, which provided accurate, real- time information about the biliary structures. Theeducational program using IOUS is expected to minimize the incidence of BDI following LC, especially when performed by less-skilled surgeons.

关键词： Intraoperative ultrasound cholecystolithiasis Laparoscopic cholecystectomy Bile duct injury Education program

Decreased postprandial gallbladder emptying in patients with black pigment stones

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World Journal of Gastroenterology 2008年第18期14卷 2825-2831页

作者： Takakazu Sugo Kenichi Hakamada Shunji Narumi Mutsuo Sasaki Department of Gastroenterological Surgery Hirosaki University Graduate School of Medicine 5 Zaifu-cho Hirosaki 036-8562 Japan

AIM: To analyze gallbladder contractility in patients with black pigment stones (BPSs) and to compare this with patients with cholesterol stones (CSs) and healthy volunteers. METHODS: The pattern of bile evacuation from the gallbladder was quantified by computer cholescintigraphy in 28 normal subjects, 22 patients with CSs and 14 with BPSs. The parameters of gallbladder contractility included ejection period (EP), ejection fraction (EF) and ejection rate (ER). RESULTS: A significantly shorter EP was observed in patients with BPSs in comparison to those with CSs (t = 2.4, P < 0.05). EF in BPS patients significantly decreased in comparison to that in CS and normal subjects (t = 6.4, P < 0.0001; t = 2.1, P < 0.05). EF in CS patients also significantly decreased in comparison to that in normal subjects (t = -3.0, P < 0.005). Consequently, ER in patients with BPSs and CSs was significantly smaller than that in normal subjects (t = 3.1, P < 0.005; t = -3.5, P < 0.001). Moreover, in cases where postprandial reflux of a radioisotope into the common hepatic duct from the gallbladder was observed, EF and ER of either CS or BPS patients showed a significant reduction. CONCLUSION: Bile evacuation from the gallbladder is reduced in patients with BPSs, in comparison to those with CSs and to healthy volunteers. Bile stagnation due to impaired gallbladder kinetics seems to be one of the predisposing factors for the development of BPSs.

关键词： Black pigment stone cholescintigraphy Gallbladder emptying Ejection period Ejection fraction Ejection rate

Effect of dissolved oxygen on methane production from bottom sediment in a eutrophic stratified lake

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Journal of Environmental Sciences 2023年第3期125卷 61-72页

作者： Yasuyuki Maruya Keisuke Nakayama Masafumi Sasaki Katsuaki Komai Graduate School of Engineering Kyushu University744 MotookaNishi-KuFukuoka 819-0395Japan Graduate School of Engineering Kobe UniversityRokkodai-Cho 1-1Nada-KuKobe 657-8501Japan Department of Engineering Kitami Institute of TechnologyKohen-Cho 165Kitami 090-8507Japan

Clarifying the role of sulfate and dissolved oxygen (DO) in methane production may allow for precise and accurate modeling of methane emissions in eutrophic *** conducted field observations of sulfate,methane,and DO concentrations in Lake Abashiri,a typical brackish and eutrophic lake in a cold region,to develop a DO-based method for quantitively estimating methane production in a eutrophic lake and analyzed the *** found that sulfate concentrations decreased rapidly from 900.0 mg/L in water overlying the sediments to nearly 0.0 mg/L in the bottom *** production was almost uniform across sediment depths of 0.05 to 0.25 m,ranging from 1400 to 1800μmol/m^(2)/***,methane production was found to be a function of DO concentrations in water overlying the bottom and could be modeled by a logistic function:constant production at 1,400μmol/m^(2)/day for DO concentrations of 0.0 to 3.0 mg/L,rapidly decreasing to 0μmol/m^(2)/day for DO concentrations of 3.0 to 6.0 mg/*** methane model was verified using a simple one-dimensional numerical model that showed good agreement with field *** results thus suggest that the proposed methane model reduces uncertainty in estimating methane production in a eutrophic lake.

关键词： Dissolved oxygen(DO) Stratification Methane Anoxia Numerical simulation

Minute signet ring cell carcinoma occurring in gastric hyperplastic polyp

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World Journal of Gastroenterology 2007年第43期13卷 5779-5780页

作者： Shoji Hirasaki Seiyuu Suzuki Hiromitsu Kanzaki Kohei Fujita Shuji Matsumura Eiji Matsumoto Department of Internal Medicine Sumitomo Besshi Hospital 3-1 Ohji-cho Niihama 792-8543 Japan

We describe a 45-year-old woman with minute signet ring cell carcinoma occurring in a gastric hyperplastic polyp. A biopsy specimen obtained from the gastric hyperplastic polyp revealed signet ring cell carcinoma. Endoscopic mucosal resection (EMR) was performed to confirm the diagnosis. Histological examination of the EMR specimen revealed focal signet ring cell carcinoma in the hyperplastic polyp. There are few cases of gastric hyperplastic polyp associated with signet ring cell carcinoma.

关键词： Minute gastric cancer Signet ring cell Endoscopic mucosal resection

Left-sided omental torsion with inguinal hernia

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World Journal of Gastroenterology 2006年第4期12卷 662-664页

作者： YasumitsuHirano KaekoOyama HiroshiNozawa TakuoHara KoichiNakada MasahiroHada TakeshiTakagi MakotoHirano Department of Surgery Kouseiren Takaoka Hospital 5-10Eiraku-choTakaokaToyama 933-8555Japan

We report a case of surgically proved left-sided torsion of the greater omentum that caused secondary by untreated inguinal hernia. Case A 36-year-old man presented to our hospital with abdominal pain. He had been diagnosed with a left inguinal hernia, but he had not received any treatments. Contrast-enhanced computed tomography （CT） of the abdomen showed a large fat density mass below the Sigmoid colon and left inguinal hernia with incarcerated fat. Exploratory laparotomy revealed torsion of the greater omentum with small bloody ascites. The greater omentum was twisted into one and a half circles and entered into a left inguinal hernia. An omentectomy with a repair of left inguinal hernia was performed. A resected omentum was submitted for pathological examination, which showed hemorrhagic infarction. Omental torsion is a rare cause of acute abdominal pain but should be included in the differential diagnoses of acute abdomen, especially in patients with untreated inguinal hernia.

关键词： Omental torsion Acute abdomen Inguinal hernia

Ionization of protoplanetary disks by galactic cosmic rays,solar protons,and supernova remnants

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Geoscience Frontiers 2017年第2期8卷 247-252页

作者： Ryuho Kataoka Tatsuhiko Sato National Institute of Polar Research 10-3 Midori-choTachikawaTokyo190-8513Japan SOKENDAI 10-3 Midori-choTachikawaTokyo190-8513Japan Japan Atomic Energy Agency Shirakata 2-4TokaiIbaraki319-1195Japan

Galactic cosmic rays and solar protons ionize the present terrestrial atmosphere,and the air showers are simulated by well-tested Monte-Carlo simulations,such as PHITS *** use the latest version of PHITS to evaluate the possible ionization of protoplanetary disks by galactic cosmic rays（GCRs）,solar protons,and by supernova *** attenuation length of GCR ionization is updated as 118 g cm^-2,which is approximately 20% larger than the popular *** and soft possible spectra of solar protons give comparable and 20% smaller attenuation lengths compared with those from standard GCR spectra,respectively,while the attenuation length is approximately 10% larger for supernova ***,all of the attenuation lengths become 10% larger in the compound gas of cosmic abundance,e.g.128 g cm^-2 for GCRs,which can affect the minimum estimate of the size of dead zones in protoplanetary disks when the incident flux is unusually high.

关键词： Galactic cosmic rays Solar protons Supernova remnants Young Sun Protoplanetary disk T Tauri stars

Immunotherapy for nonalcoholic steatohepatitis using the multiple cytokine production modulator Y-40138

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World Journal of Gastroenterology 2009年第44期15卷 5533-5540页

作者： Tatsuhiro Tsujimoto Hideto Kawaratani Toshiyuki Kitazawa Hitoshi Yoshiji Masao Fujimoto Masahito Uemura Hiroshi Fukui Third Department of Internal Medicine Nara Medical University840 Shijo-choKashiharaNara 634-8522Japan

AIM:To investigate the possible use of the multiple cytokine production modulator,Y-40138,as a novel immunotherapy in the rat nonalcoholic steatohepatitis (NASH) model. METHODS:We allocated 6-wk-old male F344 rats to choline-supplemented,L-amino acid-defined (CSAA) diet (control group),CSAA diet + Y-40138 (control + Y-40138 group),choline-def icient,L-amino acid-def ined (CDAA) diet (NASH group),or CDAA diet + Y-40138 (NASH + Y-40138 group). In each group,we measured the plasma alanine aminotransferase (ALT) levels,and the plasma and liver levels of tumor necrosis factor-α (TNF-α),interferon-γ (IFN-γ),and interleukin-10 (IL-10). Tissue specimens of phosphate buffered saline-perfused liver were subjected to hematoxylin and eosin staining,Azan staining,Sirius red staining,and immunohistochemical staining (for Kupffer cells and TNF-α). We then extracted Kupffer cells from the collagenase-perfused livers using the Percoll gradient centrifugation method,and measured the TNF-α levels in the supernatant (in vitro TNF-α production by Kupffer cells) using an enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay ***:In comparison to the NASH group,serumALT elevation was mild,production of serum and liver TNF-α and IFN-γ was inhibited,and IL-10 production was increased in the NASH + Y-40138 group. Amelioration of liver histology was also noted in the NASH + Y-40138 group. Kupffer cell immunohistochemical staining revealed no differences between groups,whereas TNF-α immunohistochemical staining showed fewer stained cells in the NASH + Y-40138 group than in the NASH group. The TNF-α levels in the in-vitro Kupffer cell culture supernatant were lower in the NASH + Y-40138 group than in the NASH ***:Administration of Y-40138 to NASH model rats reduced hepatic inflammation and suppressed fibrosis. These results indicate that the multiple cytokine production modulator,Y-40138,is promising as a novel treatment for NASH.

关键词： Nonalcoholic steatohepatitis Y-40138 Tumor necrosis factor α Interferon γ Interleukin-10 Kupffer cell Innate immunity