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Three-dimensional (3D)-printed MXene high-voltage aqueous micro-supercapacitors with ultrahigh areal energy density and low-temperature tolerance

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CARBON ENERGY 2024年第8期6卷 36-48页

作者： Zhu, Yuanyuan Zhang, Qingxiao Ma, Jiaxin Das, Pratteek Zhang, Liangzhu Liu, Hanqing Wang, Sen Li, Hui Wu, Zhong-Shuai Chinese Acad sci Dalian Inst Chem Phys State Key Lab Catalysis Dalian 116023 Peoples R China Suzhou univ Key Lab Spin Electron & Nanomat Anhui Higher Educ Suzhou Peoples R China univ Chinese Acad sci Beijing Peoples R China Chinese Acad sci Dalian Natl Lab Clean Energy Dalian 116023 Peoples R China Shanghai Normal univ Shanghai Key Lab Rare Earth Funct Mat Shanghai 200234 Peoples R China Shanghai Normal univ Key Lab Resource Chem Educ Minist Shanghai 200234 Peoples R China

The rapid advancement in the miniaturization, integration, and intelligence of electronic devices has escalated the demand for customizable micro-supercapacitors (MSCs) with high energy density. However, efficient microfabrication of safe and high-energy MXene MSCs for integrating microelectronics remains a significant challenge due to the low voltage window in aqueous electrolytes (typically <= 0.6 V) and limited areal mass loading of MXene microelectrodes. Here, we tackle these challenges by developing a high-concentration (18 mol kg-1) "water-in-LiBr" (WiB) gel electrolyte for MXene symmetric MSCs (M-SMSCs), demonstrating a record high voltage window of 1.8 V. Subsequently, additive-free aqueous MXene ink with excellent rheological behavior is developed for three-dimensional (3D) printing customizable all-MXene microelectrodes on various substrates. Leveraging the synergy of a high-voltage WiB gel electrolyte and 3D-printed microelectrodes, quasi-solid-state M-SMSCs operating stably at 1.8 V are constructed, and achieve an ultrahigh areal energy density of 1772 mu Wh cm-2 and excellent low-temperature tolerance, with a long-term operation at -40 degrees C. Finally, by extending the 3D printing protocol, M-SMSCs are integrated with humidity sensors on a single planar substrate, demonstrating their reliability in miniaturized integrated microsystems. We introduce an additive-free aqueous MXene ink for three-dimensional printing customizable all-MXene microelectrodes, enabling the construction of quasi-solid-state MXene symmetric micro-supercapacitors (M-SMSCs? operating at 1.8 V. These M-SMSCs show an ultrahigh areal energy density of 1753 mu Wh cm-2 and exceptional low-temperature performance, operating reliably at -40 degrees C. Integration with humidity sensors on a single planar substrate showcases the potential for miniaturized integrated microsystems. image

关键词： 3D printing aqueous electrolyte high voltage micro-supercapacitors MXene ELECTROLYTE WATER MICROSUPERCAPACITORS PERSPECTIVES CHALLENGES

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DNA vaccine prime and replicating vaccinia vaccine boost induce robust humoral and cellular immune responses against MERS-CoV in mice

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VIROLOGICA SINICA 2024年第3期39卷 490-500页

作者： Shen, Xiuli Wang, Shuhui Hao, Yanling Fu, Yuyu Ren, Li Li, Dan Tang, Wenqi Li, Jing Chen, Ran Zhu, Meiling Wang, Shuo Liu, Ying Shao, Yiming Chinese Ctr Dis Control & Prevent Natl Ctr AIDS STD Control & Prevent Natl Key Lab Intelligent Tracking & Forecasting In Beijing 102206 Peoples R China Changping Lab Yard 28Sci Pk Rd Beijing 102206 Peoples R China Zhejiang univ Affiliated Hosp 1Sch Med Natl Clin Res Ctr Infect DisState Key Lab Diag & Collaborat Innovat Ctr Diag & Treatment Infect Dis Hangzhou 310003 Peoples R China

As of December 2022, 2603 laboratory-identi fied Middle East respiratory syndrome coronavirus (MERS-CoV) infections and 935 associated deaths, with a mortality rate of 36%, had been reported to the World Health Organization (WHO). However, there are still no vaccines for MERS-CoV, which makes the prevention and control of MERS-CoV dif ficult. In this study, we generated two DNA vaccine candidates by integrating MERS-CoV Spike (S) gene into a replicating Vaccinia Tian Tan (VTT) vector. Compared to homologous immunization with either vaccine, mice immunized with DNA vaccine prime and VTT vaccine boost exhibited much stronger and durable humoral and cellular immune responses. The immunized mice produced robust binding antibodies and broad neutralizing antibodies against the EMC2012, England1 and KNIH strains of MERS-CoV. Prime-Boost immunization also induced strong MERS-S speci fic T cells responses, with high memory and poly-functional (CD107aIFN- gamma-TNF- alpha) effector CD8 & thorn; T cells. In conclusion, the research demonstrated that DNA-Prime/VTT-Boost strategy could elicit robust and balanced humoral and cellular immune responses against MERS-CoV-S. This study not only provides a promising set of MERS-CoV vaccine candidates, but also proposes a heterologous sequential immunization strategy worthy of further development.

关键词： MERS-CoV VTT vaccine DNA vaccine Humoral and cellular immune responses Prime/boost strategy

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MOF-derived 1D/3D N-doped porous carbon for spatially confined electrochemical CO2 reduction to adjustable syngas

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CARBON ENERGY 2024年第8期6卷 1-13页

作者： Zhang, Wei Li, Hui Feng, Daming Wu, Chenglin Sun, Chenghua Jia, Baohua Liu, Xue Ma, Tianyi Liaoning univ Inst Clean Energy Chem Coll Chem Key Lab Green Synth & Preparat Chem Adv Mat Shenyang 110036 Liaoning Peoples R China RMIT univ Sch Sci Melbourne Vic 3000 Australia Taizhou univ Sch Pharmaceut & Chem Engn Taizhou Zhejiang Peoples R China Swinburne univ technol Dept Chem & Biotechnol Hawthorn Vic Australia

Electrochemical reduction of CO2 to syngas (CO and H-2) offers an efficient way to mitigate carbon emissions and store intermittent renewable energy in chemicals. Herein, the hierarchical one-dimensional/three-dimensional nitrogen-doped porous carbon (1D/3D NPC) is prepared by carbonizing the composite of Zn-MOF-74 crystals in situ grown on a commercial melamine sponge (MS), for electrochemical CO2 reduction reaction (CO2RR). The 1D/3D NPC exhibits a high CO/H-2 ratio (5.06) and CO yield (31 mmol g(-1) h(-1)) at -0.55 V, which are 13.7 times and 21.4 times those of 1D porous carbon (derived from Zn-MOF-74) and N-doped carbon (carbonized by MS), respectively. This is attributed to the unique spatial environment of 1D/3D NPC, which increases the adsorption capacity of CO2 and promotes electron transfer from the 3D N-doped carbon framework to 1D carbon, improving the reaction kinetics of CO2RR. Experimental results and charge density difference plots indicate that the active site of CO2RR is the positively charged carbon atom adjacent to graphitic N on 1D carbon and the active site of HER is the pyridinic N on 1D carbon. The presence of pyridinic N and pyrrolic N reduces the number of electron transfer, decreasing the reaction kinetics and the activity of CO2RR. The CO/H-2 ratio is related to the distribution of N species and the specific surface area, which are determined by the degree of spatial confinement effect. The CO/H2 ratios can be regulated by adjusting the carbonization temperature to adjust the degree of spatial confinement effect. Given the low cost of feedstock and easy strategy, 1D/3D NPC catalysts have great potential for industrial application.

关键词： electrochemical CO2 reduction reaction melamine sponge metal-organic frameworks porous carbon syngas NITROGEN CATALYST DEFECT ELECTROREDUCTION GRAPHENE

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Does social information affect the settlement decisions of resident birds in their second breeding attempt? A case study of the Japanese Tit (Parus minor)

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AVIAN RESEARCH 2024年第3期15卷 326-335页

作者： Li, Xudong Yu, Jiangping Yin, Dake Jin, Longru Zhang, Keqin Shen, Li Han, Zheng Wang, Haitao Northeast Normal univ Sch Life Sci Jilin Engn Lab Avian Ecol & Conservat Genet Changchun 130024 Peoples R China Baotou Teachers Coll Sch Ecol & Environm Baotou 014000 Peoples R China Northeast Normal univ Jilin Prov Key Lab Anim Resource Conservat & Utili Changchun 130024 Peoples R China Jilin Agr sci & technol univ Sch Zool Sci Jilin 132109 Peoples R China 87 Middle Sch Changchun Changchun 130062 Peoples R China

Individuals may gather information about environmental conditions when deciding where to breed in order to maximize their lifetime fitness. They can obtain social information by observing conspecifics and heterospecifics with similar ecological needs. Many studies have shown that birds can rely on social information to select their nest sites. The location of active nests and the reproductive success of conspecifics and heterospecifics can provide accurate predictions about the quality of the breeding habitat. Some short-lived species can facultatively reproduce two and/or more times within a breeding season. However, few studies have focused on how multiple- brooding individuals select nest sites for their second breeding attempts. In this study, we use long-term data to test whether the Japanese Tit ( Parus minor) ) can use social information from conspecifics and/or heterospecifics (the Eurasian Nuthatch Sitta europaea, , the Daurian Redstart Phoenicurus auroreus and the Yellow-rumped Flycatcher Ficedula zanthopygia) ) to select a nest site for the second breeding attempt. Our results showed that the nest boxes occupied by tits on their second breeding attempt tended to be surrounded by more breeding conspecific nests, successful first nests of conspecifics, and fewer failed first nests of conspecifics than the nest boxes that remained unoccupied (the control group). However, the numbers of breeding heterospecific nests, successful heterospecific nests, and failed heterospecific nests did not differ between the nest boxes occupied by tits on their second breeding attempt and the unoccupied nest boxes. Furthermore, the tits with local successful breeding experience tended to choose areas with more successful first nests of conspecifics than those without successful breeding experience. Thus, we suggest that conspecifics' but not heterospecifics' social information within the same breeding season is the major factor influencing the nest site selection of Japanese T

关键词： Conspecific Heterospecific Japanese tits Multiple brooding Nest-site selection Public information Social information NEST-SITE SELECTION PUBLIC INFORMATION HABITAT SELECTION PRIVATE INFORMATION FITNESS CONSEQUENCES HIRUNDO-RUSTICA PREDATION RISK NOSY NEIGHBORS BARN SWALLOWS GREAT TITS

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Insights into effects of thermotolerant nitrifying and sulfur-oxidizing inoculants on nitrogen-sulfur co-metabolism in sewage sludge composting

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JOURNAL OF ENVIRONMENTAL sciENCES 2024年第10期144卷 76-86页

作者： Hou, Tingting Zhou, Yujie Du, Rongchun Liu, Jiali Li, Weiguang Zhang, Shumei Li, Muzi Chu, Junhong Meng, Liqiang Heilongjiang Acad sci Inst Microbiol Harbin 150010 Peoples R China Hebei univ Environm Engn Hebei Key Lab Agroecol Safety Qinhuangdao 066102 Peoples R China Harbin Inst technol Sch Environm Harbin 150090 Peoples R China

In this study, high temperature thermotolerant nitrifying bacteria (TNB) and high temperature thermotolerant sulfide oxidizing bacteria (TSOB) were obtained from compost samples and inoculated into sewage sludge (SS) compost. The effects of inoculation on physical and chemical parameters, ammonia and hydrogen sulfide release, nitrogen form and sulfur compound content change and physical-chemical properties during nitrogen and sulfur conversion were studied. The results showed that inoculation of TNB and TSOB increased the temperature, pH, OM degradation, C/N ratio and germination index (GI) of compost. Compared with the control treatment (CK), the addition of inoculants reduced the release of NH3 and H2 S, and transformed them into nitrogen and sulfur compounds, the hydrolysis of polymeric ferrous sulfate was promoted, resulting in relatively high content of sulfite and sulfate. At the same time, the physical and chemical properties of SS have a strong correlation with nitrogen and sulfur compounds. (c) 2024 The Research Center for Eco-Environmental sciences, Chinese Academy of sciences. Published by Elsevier B.V.

关键词： Sewage sludge Composting Inoculation Thermotolerant sulfurized oxidizing bacteria Thermotolerant nitrifying bacteria SPENT MUSHROOM SUBSTRATE EMISSIONS WASTE NH3 AERATION MATURITY SULFIDE CARBON RATIO N2O

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Strain Gradient Finite Element Formulation of Flexoelectricity in Ferroelectric Material Based on Phase-Field Method

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ACTA MECHANICA SOLIDA SINICA 2024年第4期37卷 570-579页

作者： Wang, Shuai Su, Hengchang Yi, Min Shao, Li-Hua Beihang univ Inst Solid Mech Sch Aeronaut Sci & Engn Natl Key Lab Strength & Struct Integr Beijing 100191 Peoples R China Nanjing univ Aeronaut & Astronaut State Key Lab Mech & Control Aerosp Struct Nanjing 210016 Peoples R China Nanjing univ Aeronaut & Astronaut Inst Frontier Sci Nanjing 210016 Peoples R China Nanjing univ Aeronaut & Astronaut Key Lab Intelligent Nano Mat & Devices Minist Educ Nanjing 210016 Peoples R China Nanjing univ Aeronaut & Astronaut Coll Aerosp Engn Nanjing 210016 Peoples R China

Flexoelectricity is a two-way coupling effect between the strain gradient and electric field that exists in all dielectrics, regardless of point group symmetry. However, the high-order derivatives of displacements involved in the strain gradient pose challenges in solving electromechanical coupling problems incorporating the flexoelectric effect. In this study, we formulate a phase-field model for ferroelectric materials considering the flexoelectric effect. A four-node quadrilateral element with 20 degrees of freedom is constructed without introducing high-order shape functions. The microstructure evolution of domains is described by an independent order parameter, namely the spontaneous polarization governed by the time-dependent Ginzburg-Landau theory. The model is developed based on a thermodynamic framework, in which a set of microforces is introduced to construct the constitutive relation and evolution equation. For the flexoelectric part of electric enthalpy, the strain gradient is determined by interpolating the mechanical strain at the node via the values of Gaussian integration points in the isoparametric space. The model is shown to be capable of reproducing the classic analytical solution of dielectric materials incorporating the flexoelectric contribution. The model is verified by duplicating some typical phenomena in flexoelectricity in cylindrical tubes and truncated pyramids. A comparison is made between the polarization distribution in dielectrics and ferroelectrics. The model can reproduce the solution to the boundary value problem of the cylindrical flexoelectric tube, and demonstrate domain twisting at domain walls in ferroelectrics considering the flexoelectric effect.

关键词： Flexoelectricity Phase-field method Ferroelectrics Domain configuration MODELS FRAMEWORK SYSTEMS STRESS

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Discovery of CCDC188 gene as a novel genetic target for human acephalic spermatozoa syndrome

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PROTEIN & CELL 2024年第9期15卷 704-709页

作者： Wang, Jing Jin, Hui-Juan Lu, Yi Wang, Zi-Han Li, Teng-Yan Xia, Lan Li, Hong-Jun Wang, Bin-Bin Chen, Su-Ren Capital Med univ Sch Basic Med Sci Dept Med Genet & Dev Biol Beijing 100069 Peoples R China Beijing Normal univ Coll Life Sci Dept Biol Key Lab Cell Proliferat & Regulat Biol Beijing 100875 Peoples R China Chinese Acad Med sci & Peking Union Med Coll Grad Sch Beijing 100005 Peoples R China Peking Union Med Coll Hosp Dept Thorac Surg Beijing 100005 Peoples R China natl Res Inst Family Planning Ctr Genet Beijing 100081 Peoples R China NHC Key Lab Reprod Hlth Engn technol Res NRIFP Beijing Peoples R China

Dear Editor,Male infertility is a widespread health problem and affects approximately 6%–8%of the male population(Jiao et al.,2021).Acephalic spermatozoa syndrome(ASS),a rare but severe type of teratozoospermia,is ch... 详细信息

关键词： SUN5 MUTATIONS HEAD

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Intranasal adenovirus-vectored Omicron vaccine induced nasal immunoglobulin A has superior neutralizing potency than serum antibodies

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SIGNAL TRANSDUCTION AND TARGETED THERAPY 2024年第1期9卷 1-12页

作者： Chen, Si Zhang, Zhengyuan Wang, Qian Yang, Qi Yin, Li Ning, Lishan Chen, Zhilong Tang, Jielin Deng, Weiqi He, Ping Li, Hengchun Shi, Linjing Deng, Yijun Liu, Zijian Bu, Hemeng Zhu, Yaohui Liu, Wenming Qu, Linbing Feng, Liqiang Xiong, Xiaoli Sun, Baoqing Zhong, Nanshan Li, Feng Li, Pingchao Chen, Xinwen Chen, Ling Guangzhou Med univ Guangzhou Peoples Hosp 8 Guangzhou Inst Infect Dis Guangzhou Peoples R China Guangzhou natl Lab Guangzhou Peoples R China Chinese Acad sci Guangzhou Inst Biomed & Hlth Ctr Cell Lineage Res State Key Lab Resp Dis Guangzhou Peoples R China Guangzhou Med univ Affiliated Hosp 1 Guangzhou Inst Resp Hlth Natl Clin Res Ctr Resp DisState Key Lab Resp Dis Guangzhou Peoples R China univ Chinese Acad sci Beijing Peoples R China Xiamen United Inst Resp Hlth Xiamen Peoples R China

The upper respiratory tract is the initial site of SARS-CoV-2 infection. Nasal spike-specific secretory immunoglobulin A (sIgA) correlates with protection against Omicron breakthrough infection. We report that intranasal vaccination using human adenovirus serotype 5 (Ad5) vectored Omicron spike in people who previously vaccinated with ancestral vaccine could induce robust neutralizing sIgA in the nasal passage. Nasal sIgA was predominantly present in dimeric and multimeric forms and accounted for nearly 40% of total proteins in nasal mucosal lining fluids (NMLFs). A low-level IgG could also be detected in NMLFs but not IgM, IgD, and IgE. After a complete nasal wash, sIgA in the nasal passage could be replenished rapidly within a few hours. A comparison of purified paired serum IgA, serum IgG, and nasal sIgA from the same individuals showed that sIgA was up to 3-logs more potent than serum antibodies in binding to spikes and in neutralizing Omicron subvariants. Serum IgG and IgA failed to neutralize XBB and BA.2.86, while nasal sIgA retained potent neutralization against these newly emerged variants. Further analysis showed that sIgA was more effective than IgG or IgA in blocking spike-mediated cell-to-cell transmission and protecting hACE2 mice from XBB challenge. Using a sIgA monoclonal antibody as a reference, we estimated that the total nasal sIgA contains about 2.6-3.9% spike-specific sIgA in NMLFs collected approximately one month after intranasal vaccination. Our study provided insights for developing intranasal vaccines that can induce sIgA to build an effective and mutation-resistant first-line immune barrier against constantly emerging variants.

关键词： MUCOSAL IGA

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Lignin-derived carbon with pyridine N-B doping and a nanosandwich structure for high and stable lithium storage

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CARBON ENERGY 2024年第8期6卷 232-247页

作者： Wu, Dichao Li, Jiayuan Zhao, Yuying Wang, Ao Zhang, Gaoyue Jiang, Jianchun Fan, Mengmeng Sun, Kang Chinese Acad Forestry Inst Chem Ind Forest Prod Key Lab Biomass Energy & Mat Natl Engn Lab Biomass Chem UtilizatKey & Open Lab Nanjing Jiangsu Peoples R China Nanjing Forestry univ Coll Chem Engn Jiangsu Coinnovat Ctr Efficient Proc & Utilizat Fo Int Innovat Ctr Forest Chem & Mat Nanjing Peoples R China Chinese Acad Forestry Inst Chem Ind Forest Prod Key Lab Biomass Energy & Mat Natl Engn Lab Biomass Chem UtilizatSFAKey & Open Nanjing 210042 Jiangsu Peoples R China Tsinghua univ Dept Chem Beijing Peoples R China Huaqiao univ Acad Adv Carbon Convers Technol Fujian Prov Key Lab Biomass Low Carbon Convers Xiamen Peoples R China Chinese Acad sci Xinjiang Lihua Inst Technol Urumqi Peoples R China Nanjing Forestry univ Coll Chem Engn Jiangsu Coinnovat Ctr Efficient Proc & Utilizat Fo Int Innovat Ctr Forest Chem & Mat Nanjing 210037 Peoples R China Southeast univ Sch Energy & Environm Nanjing Peoples R China

Biomass-derived carbon is a promising electrode material in energy storage devices. However, how to improve its low capacity and stability, and slow diffusion kinetics during lithium storage remains a challenge. In this research, we propose a "self-assembly-template" method to prepare B, N codoped porous carbon (BN-C) with a nanosandwich structure and abundant pyridinic N-B species. The nanosandwich structure can increase powder density and cycle stability by constructing a stable solid electrolyte interphase film, shortening the Li+ diffusion pathway, and accommodating volume expansion during repeated charging/discharging. The abundant pyridinic N-B species can simultaneously promote the adsorption/desorption of Li+/PF6- and reduce the diffusion barrier. The BN-C electrode showed a high lithium-ion storage capacity of above 1140 mAh g-1 at 0.05 A g-1 and superior stability (96.5% retained after 2000 cycles). Moreover, owing to the synergistic effect of the nanosandwich structure and pyridinic N-B species, the assembled symmetrical BN-C//BN-C full cell shows a high energy density of 234.7 W h kg-1, high power density of 39.38 kW kg-1, and excellent cycling stability, superior to most of the other cells reported in the literature. As the density functional theory simulation demonstrated, pyridinic N-B shows enhanced adsorption activity for Li+ and PF6-, which promotes an increase in the capacity of the anode and cathode, respectively. Meanwhile, the relatively lower diffusion barrier of pyridinic N-B promotes Li+ migration, resulting in good rate performance. Therefore, this study provides a new approach for the synergistic modulation of a nanostructure and an active site simultaneously to fabricate the carbon electrode material in energy storage devices. B, N codoped porous carbon (BN-C) with a nanosandwich structure and abundant pyridinic N-B species was prepared using the "self-assembly-template" method. Owing to the synergistic effect of the nanostructure and pyr

关键词： high cycling stability high energy density lithium-ion batteries pyridinic N-B species sandwich structure carbon nanosheet HIGH-ENERGY DENSITY ANODE MATERIALS ION CAPACITORS DEFECT-RICH NITROGEN PERFORMANCE BORON NANOSHEETS MICROSPHERES FABRICATION

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Rapid and real-time detection of municipal sludge moisture content based on microwave reflection principle

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WASTE DISPOSAL & SUSTAINABLE ENERGY 2024年第2期6卷 259-269页

作者： Zhang, Yan Jiao, Yanhong Li, Jun Deng, Long Rao, Binqi Xu, Hao Xu, Peng Hu, Lijiang Li, Chunping China Jiliang univ Coll Mech & Elect Engn Hangzhou 310018 Peoples R China New Energy Engn & Automot Coll Huzhou Vocat & Tech Coll Huzhou 313099 Peoples R China Wuxi univ Coll Elect & Informat Engn Wuxi 214105 Peoples R China natl Inst Metrol Beijing 100029 Peoples R China China Jiliang univ Coll Sci Hangzhou 310018 Peoples R China Anji Guoqian Environm technol Co Ltd Huzhou 313300 Peoples R China Zhejiang Hongshi Environm Protect Co Ltd Jinhua 321100 Peoples R China

The moisture content (MC) of municipal sludge is the key factor affecting sludge treatment and disposal technologies, while the vast majority of existing measurement methods are off-line and time-consuming. To realize rapid online detection for the MC of sludge, a detection method based on the microwave reflection principle is proposed: experiments are carried out and the MC computation model of the sludge is derived using the resonant frequency and the permittivity (epsilon '\documentclass[12pt]{minimal} \usepackage{amsmath} \usepackage{wasysym} \usepackage{amsfonts} \usepackage{amssymb} \usepackage{amsbsy} \usepackage{mathrsfs} \usepackage{upgreek} \setlength{\oddsidemargin}{-69pt} \begin{document}$$\varepsilon{\prime}$$\end{document}). The results reveal that the detection accuracy of granular sludge with a thickness of 10 mm is higher. The theoretical model between the MC and the real part of epsilon '\documentclass[12pt]{minimal} \usepackage{amsmath} \usepackage{wasysym} \usepackage{amsfonts} \usepackage{amssymb} \usepackage{amsbsy} \usepackage{mathrsfs} \usepackage{upgreek} \setlength{\oddsidemargin}{-69pt} \begin{document}$$\varepsilon{\prime}$$\end{document} is developed, and the relationship between the resonant frequency and epsilon '\documentclass[12pt]{minimal} \usepackage{amsmath} \usepackage{wasysym} \usepackage{amsfonts} \usepackage{amssymb} \usepackage{amsbsy} \usepackage{mathrsfs} \usepackage{upgreek} \setlength{\oddsidemargin}{-69pt} \begin{document}$$\varepsilon{\prime}$$\end{document} is expressed by a cubic polynomial. The average error and the root mean square error (RMSE) of sludge are 2.06% and 2.49%, respectively. The prediction model for the MC of sludge is also given, and the determination coefficient and RMSE are 0.981 and 2.06%, respectively.

关键词： Municipal sludge Moisture content Resonator Real-time detection Resonant frequency WASTE-WATER TREATMENT DIELECTRIC-PROPERTIES SEWAGE-SLUDGE SENSOR

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