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Tropical Cyclones in nicaragua: Historical Impact and Contemporary Exposure to Disaster Risk

INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF DISASTER RISK SCIENCE 2024年第4期15卷 579-593页

作者： Velasquez-Espinoza, Gema Alcantara-Ayala, Irasema natl autonomous univ nicaragua Fac Sci & Engn Unan Managua 14172 Nicaragua natl autonomous univ Mexico UNAM Postgrad Programme Geog Mexico City Mexico natl autonomous univ Mex UNAM Inst Geog Mexico City 04510 Mexico

In tropical regions such as nicaragua, the population's vulnerability to hazards has escalated in recent decades. This increase in vulnerability has led to a surge in disasters, particularly those triggered by intense hurricanes. The implications at the national level are still poorly understood. The aim of this article has, therefore, been two-fold. First, to present a historical review of the direct effects of tropical cyclones on society in nicaragua from 1852 to 2020. Second, to analyze the statistical probabilities of future hurricane-spawned high winds over nicaragua. Data on cyclones hitting nicaragua's coasts were collected, including direct effects, wind speed, pressure, category, direction, and time of landfall. A database was created to classify intensity based on wind speed and frequency. Between 1852 and 2020, nicaragua experienced 58 tropical cyclones with varying degrees of intensity between September and November. The trajectories of six past hurricanes were considered here regarding the areas that might have been under potential threat. Three zones of influence were delimited along each trajectory according to three wind intensities and the trajectory of these hurricanes. The consequent exposure of each nicaraguan department and autonomous region was established. The findings are essential to delimitating priority areas for attention regarding the likely impact of tropical cyclones, mainly category 4 and 5 hurricanes. Public officials and the general public can use these data to identify the pressing need for enhanced strategies to mitigate disaster risk and avoid potential disasters.

关键词： Exposure Historical impact Hurricanes nicaragua Tropical cyclones Vulnerability ATLANTIC HURRICANES FREQUENCY INTENSITY WINDS DECAY

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Methodology for the Calculation of the Runoff Coefficient with the Arrangement Tirado

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Open Journal of Applied Sciences 2023年第5期13卷 659-671页

作者： Victor Rogelio Tirado Picado Lisseth Carolina Blandón Chavarria The Faculty of Engineering and Architecture The American University UAM Managua Nicaragua The Department of Geography Faculty of Humanities National Autonomous University of Nicaragua Managua Nicaragua

For this research work, an adequate methodology was sought for the calculation of the runoff coefficient with the Tirado arrangement. To achieve this, first, the variables that affect the runoff coefficient were identified, then the model was described with the Tirado arrangement, and as a third part for the calculation of the runoff coefficient, the Tirado model is proposed. From the theory for the calculation of the runoff coefficient, the equation of the weighted coefficients and the expression of Nadal were manipulated, resulting in the following relationship , considering this as the expression for the arrangement Tirado. The expression is tested with different intensities, the magnitudes correspond to 150, 200, 250 and 300 mm/hrs, resulting in runoff coefficient 0.82, 0.87, 0.89, 0.91 respectively. This means that, the higher the intensity, the runoff coefficient will be higher, logically the characteristics of the basin affect that this coefficient has variation in the space studied.

关键词： Runoff Coefficient Land Use Soil Type Land Slope Nadal Rawls

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Gastroschisis at the Leon university Hospital, nicaragua

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Reproductive and Developmental Medicine 2022年第2期6卷 86-91页

作者： Dania Maria Pastora Bucardo Paula Andrea Pimienta Ramirez Department of Pediatrics Faculty of MedicineNational Autonomous University of Nicaragua UNAN-LeonLeonNicaragua Center for Precision Environmental Health Department of Molecular and Cellular BiologyBaylor College of MedicineHoustonTexasUSA

Objective::The prevalence of midline birth defects, such as gastroschisis, has increased worldwide, over the last few decades. This study aims to explore the prevalence, maternal epidemiological characteristics, and natural history of neonates affected by gastroschisis at the university Hospital of Leon city, ***:Data were collected from the birth defect surveillance system of the Hospital Oscar Danilo Rosales (HEODRA). The analysis included all pregnancies that had gastroschisis complications between January 1 and December 31, 2020. The prevalence of gastroschisis was calculated according to maternal age. The mothers were interviewed, and the clinical records of the newborns were ***::Among the 4,460 deliveries included in this study, four cases of gastroschisis were identified, including three live births and one stillbirth. The gastroschisis rate was 8.9 per 10,000 live births (95% confidence interval [CI]: 0.18-17.8). The prevalence among mothers younger than 20 years and those older than 20 years was 26.4 (95% CI: -3.43 to 56.25) and 3.01 (95% CI: 2.89-8.90)/10,000 births, respectively. Mothers of gastroschisis-affected fetuses were of rural origin ( n = 3), had normal body mass indexes ( n = 3), were exposed to tobacco and wood smoke ( n = 2), and one was exposed to pesticides during the periconceptional period. Primary closure of the gastroschisis was performed on one patient, and complex gastroschisis for intestinal perforation was observed in another patient. The mean hospitalization duration was 33 days, and two patients were discharged alive. Conclusions::Gastroschisis was a significant birth defect among children delivered at HEODRA in 2020. Its prevalence in nicaragua was higher than that in other countries in the region. All complicated pregnancies were young women with unplanned pregnancies, from rural areas, with exposure to secondhand smoke, and without vitamin supplements before or during the first trimester of pregnancy.

关键词： Environmental exposures Gastroschisis Preterm deliveries

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Robot navigation system using intrinsic evolvable hardware

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Journal of Harbin Institute of Technology(New Series) 2001年第3期8卷 261-266页

作者： TAN K C, LEE T H, RUK X, WANG L F, LIU X (Dept. of Electrical and Computer Engineering, National university of Singapore, Singapore 119260) Dept. of Elec. and Comp. Eng. Natl. Univ. of Singapore Singapore 119260 Singapore

Recently there has been great interest in the idea that evolvable system based on the principle of artifcial intelligence can be used to continuously and autonomously adapt the behaviour of physically embedded systems such as autonomous mobile robots and intelligent home devices. Meanwhile, we have seen the introduction of evolvable hardware(EHW): new integrated electronic circuits that are able to continuously evolve to adapt the chages in the environment implemented by evolutionary algorithms such as genetic algorithm(GA) and reinforcement learning. This paper concentrates on developing a robotic navigation system whose basic behaviours are obstacle avoidance and light source navigation. The results demonstrate that the intrinsic evolvable hardware system is able to create the stable robotiiuc behaviours as required in the real world instead of the traditional hardware systems.

关键词： genetic algorithm autonomous mobile robot boolean function controller intrinsic evolvable hardware

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Enduring association between irritable bowel syndrome and war trauma during the nicaragua civil war period:A population-based study

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World Journal of Gastroenterology 2023年第45期29卷 5953-5961页

作者： Edgar M Peña-Galo Daniel Wurzelmann Javier Alcedo Rodolfo Peña Loreto Cortes Douglas Morgan Department of Digestive Diseases Miguel Servet University HospitalZaragoza 50009AragonSpain Javier Alcedo Aragon Health Research InstituteIIS AragonZaragoza 50009AragonSpain Department of Mental Health Carolina PartnersDurhamNC 27707United States Department of Data Analysis CIDE(ResearchDevelopment and Epidemiology Center)Tegucigalpa 11101Francisco MorazánHonduras School of Medicine National Autonomous University of NicaraguaLeon 21000LeonNicaragua Department of Gastroenterology and Hepatology UAB University of Alabama BirminghamBirminghamAL 35233United States School of Medcine The University of North CarolinaChapel HillNC 9500United States

BACKGROUND Psychosocial and physical trauma are known risk factors for irritable bowel syndrome(IBS),including in war veterans,whereas war exposure in civilians is *** experienced two wars,1970-1990:The Sandinistas Revolution(1970s)and The Contra War(1980s).Our aim was to investigate the role of exposure to war trauma in the subsequent development of IBS in the context of an established health surveillance system(11000 households).AIM To investigate in a civilian population the relationship between exposure to war trauma and events and the subsequent development of IBS in the context of an established public health and demographic surveillance system in western *** We conducted a nested population-based,cross-sectional study focused on functional gastrointestinal disorders based on Rome II criteria.1617 adults were randomly *** Spanish Rome II Modular Questionnaire and Harvard Trauma Questionnaire were validated in *** exposure was assessed with 10 measures of direct and indirect war trauma and post-war *** exposures were defined by≥3 *** The prevalence of IBS was 15.2%[Female(F)17.1%,Male(M)12.0%],war exposure 19.3%(F 9.3%,M 36.7%),and post-traumatic stress disorder(PTSD)5.6%(F 6.4%,M 4.3%).Significant associations with IBS in the civilian population were observed(adjusted by gender,age,socioeconomic status,education):physical and psychological abuse[adjusted odds ratio(aOR):2.25;95%confidence interval:1.1-4.5],witnessed execution(aOR:2.4;1.1-5.2),family member death(aOR:2.2;1.2-4.2),and multiple exposures(aOR:2.7;1.4-5.1).PTSD was independently associated with IBS(aOR:2.6;1.2-5.7).CONCLUSION An enduring association was observed in the nicaragua civilian population between specific civil war-related events and subsequent *** populations in regions with extended armed conflict may warrant provider education and targeted interventions for patients.

关键词： Irritable bowel syndrome Functional gastrointestinal disorders War trauma Civil war Post-traumatic stress disorder Central America

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Integrated Sensing and Communication for Future Wireless Networks

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中国通信:英文版 2023年第9期20卷 I0002-I0005页

作者： Shi Jin Christos Masouros Fan Liu Jie Xu Jie Yang Southeast univ Natl Mobile Commun Res Lab Dhaka Bangladesh univ Patras Elect & Comp Engn Patras Greece Southern univ Sci & Technol SUSTech Dept Elect & Elect Engn Shenzhen Peoples R China Chinese univ Hong Kong Sch Sci & Engn Shenzhen Peoples R China Southeast univ Sch Automat Nanjing Peoples R China

Integrated sensing and communication(ISAC)is anticipated to play a pivotal role in realizing the ability to sense,control,and optimize wireless environments,as well as providing ubiquitous connectivity with ultra-high throughput and reliability,and ultra-low latency for future wireless ***,it can meet the requirements of mass data transmission,centimeter-level localization,and highly fine-grained environmental sensing for new applications,such as extended reality,holographic communication,autonomous driving,smart healthcare,and intelligent *** technology of ISAC deviates from traditional pattern of isolated design for communication and *** can efficiently utilize wireless resources and potentially achieve mutual benefits by combining sensing and communication *** ultimate goal of the ISAC system has two *** the one hand,the wireless communication system gains new functions。

关键词： utilize mutual holographic

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Estimation of newly HIV infection trend by using the back-calculation method in Honghe Hani and Yi autonomous prefecture

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China Medical Abstracts(Internal Medicine) 2021年第1期38卷 20-21页

作者： TANG Lin Dept Epidemiol Natl AIDS/STD Contr&Prev CenterChin Dis Contr&Prev ChinBeijing 102206

Objective To estimate the number of newly infected HIV in Honghe Hani and Yi autonomous prefecture(Honghe prefecture)Yunnan province,and to provide reference for evaluating the trend of local HIV *** Among diagnosed HIV infections,those who were at≥15 years old,having available initial CD4 records of testing,initiating antiviral therapy before the end of 2018.

关键词： autonomous trend initiating

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International Workshop on ＂Central Asian Orogenesis and Metallogeny＂

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Episodes 2008年第3期31卷 355-355页

作者： Zhu, Yongfeng Li, Yuenchen Xu, Xin Peking univ Sch Earth & Space Sci Beijing 100871 Peoples R China natl 305 Project Off Urumqi 830000 Peoples R China Xinjiang Resource & Environm Ctr Urumqi 830000 Peoples R China

An ＂International Workshop on Central Asian Orogenesis and Metallogeny＂, sup- ported by Department of Science and Tech- nology of Xinjiang Uygur autonomous Region, the Geosciences Department of the Natural Science Foundation of China, the Bureau of Science and Technology for Resources and Environment, the Chinese Academy of Science, Xinjiang Petroleum Company, and China National Petroleum Corporation, was held in Urumqi, Xinjiang, from 18-24 September, 2007 （hosted by the National 305 Project Office）.

关键词：矿床成因论造山运动亚洲地理学

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Water-Energy-Food Nexus： Comparative Scenarios and Public Policy Perspectives from Some Latin American Countries Regarding Biogas from Agriculture and Livestock

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Journal of Agricultural Science and Technology(A) 2015年第6期5卷 408-427页

作者： Janaina Camile Pasqual Claudia Cecilia Lardizabal Gricelda Herrera Harry Alberto Bollmann Estela de Oliveira Nunes International Center of Renewable Energies/Biogas and International Center of Hydroinformatics (Itaipu Binacional) PontificalCatholic University of Parandt (PUCPR) CAPES Fellowship Curitiba Parana 80030180 Brazil Integrated Watershed Management Biology Department National Autonomous University of Honduras San Pedro Sula Cortes21103 Honduras Faculty of Social Sciences and Humanistic (FCSH) Research and Projects Applied on Earth Sciences Center (CIPA T) EscuelaSuperior Polit~cnica del Litoral (ESPOL) Guayaquil 09-01-5863 Ecuador Urban Management Program Pontifical Catholic University of Parana (P UCPR) Curitiba Paran6 80215-901 Brazil Brazilian Corporation of Agricultural Research (EMBRAPA Soybean) Londrina Parana 86001-970 Brazil

Latin American and the Caribbean countries have one of the world＇s largest sources of renewable energy. Nonetheless, it estimated that nearly three-quarters of their energy consumption relies on the use of fossil fuels, with most of the countries being net importers, ultimately imposing a marked economic and political dependence on those energy commodities. Therefore, the opportunity lies in a higher utilization of various renewable energy resources, which contribute to the country＇s energy security while promoting significant environmental benefits. This manuscript aimed to provide a comparative analysis of current energy scenarios of six Latin American countries （Mexico, Honduras, nicaragua, Brazil, Chile and Ecuador） to evaluate their policies, programs and strategies implemented in the search for greater participation of renewable energy, with a special attention to biogas. Given the importance of the water-energy-food nexus that could foment the use of renewable energies under conditions of water scarcity, a qualitative data comparison was accomplished, considering biogas production potential, biogas projects and CO2 emissions.

关键词： Water and energy nexus biogas CO2 emissions public policy.

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