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Study on Nitrogen Distribution in Leaf, Stem and Sheathat Different Layers in Winter Wheat Canopyand Their Influence on Grain Quality

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Agricultural Sciences in China 2003年第8期2卷 859-866页

作者： WANGZhi-jie WANGJi-hua HUANGWen-jiang MAZhi-hong ZHAOMing nationalengineeringresearchcenterforinformationtechnologyinagriculture Beijing100089P.R.China CollegeofCropScienceandBio-Technology ChinaAgriculturalUniversityBeijing100094P.R.China

Vertical distribution of nitrogen in wheat canopy, nitrogen remobilization and their influence on grain quality of winter wheat were studied. Two winter wheat cultivars, Jingdong8, a common cultivar, and Zhongyou9507, a high quality cultivar, were selected. Leaf nitrogen showed an obvious decreasing trend from the canopy top to the ground surface for all treatments in growth duration. There was no apparent vertical nitrogen gradient in stem and sheath of Zhongyou9507 compared with Jingdong8. Zhongyou9507 had more nitrogen remobilization from leaf, stem and sheath than Jingdong8 from middle grain filling to waxening, especially the nitrogen remobilization amount in stem and sheath, which was higher than that in Jingdong8 during growth duration. Higher vertical nitrogen gradients in Jingdong8 at anthesis had disadvantages on its grain quality. But higher vertical nitrogen gradients between middle and lower layers of Jingdong8 at grain filling stage enhanced its grain quality. Higher vertical nitrogen gradients in upper layer at anthesis and upper layer leaf and middle layer stem and sheath at grain filling stage had advantages on protein accumulation in grain of Zhongyou9507. There were positive correlations between foliar nitrogen remobilization amount and grain quality at later growth stage for the two cultivars. There was a positive correlation between quality of Jingdong8 and stem and sheath nitrogen remobilization amount from anthesis to early grain filling, and that of Zhongyou9507 emerged from anthesis to early grain filling and from middle grain filling to waxening. Contribution of leaf nitrogen to the quality of Jingdong8 was larger than nitrogen from stem and sheath. High protein content of Zhongyou9507 was attributed to the nitrogen condition in its leaf, stem and sheath. Nitrogen in stem and sheath played a more important role on the grain quality of Zhongyou9507 than on that of Jingdong8.

关键词： Winter wheat Nitrogen concentration Vertical gradients N remobilization amount Processing quality

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Inversion of Biochemical Parameters by Selection of Proper Vegetation Index in Winter Wheat

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Agricultural Sciences in China 2004年第3期3卷 178-185页

作者： HUANGWen-jiang WANGJi-hua LIULiang-yun ZHAOChun-jiang WANGZhi-jie WANGJin-di ResearchCenterforRemoteSensingandGIS SchoolofGeographyBeijingNormalUniversityBeijing100875P.R.China nationalengineeringresearchcenterforinformationtechnologyinagriculture Beijing100089P.R.China

Recent studies have demonstrated the application of vegetation indices from canopy reflectedspectrum for inversion of chlorophyll concentration. Some indices are both response tovariations of vegetation and environmental factors. Canopy chlorophyll concentration, anindicator of photosynthesis activity, is related to nitrogen concentration in green vegetationand serves as an indicator of the crop response to soil nitrogen fertilizer application. Thecombination of normalized difference vegetation index (NDVI) and photochemical reflectanceindex (PRI) can reduce the effect of leaf area index (LAI) and soil background. The canopychlorophyll inversion index (CCII) was proved to be sensitive to chlorophyll concentration andvery resistant to the other variations. This paper introduced the ratio of TCARI/OSAVI to makeaccurate predictions of winter wheat chlorophyll concentration under different cultivars. Itindicated that canopy chlorophyll concentration could be evaluated by some combined vegetationindices.

关键词： Winter wheat,Canopy reflected spectrum,Structure Insensitive Vegetation Index Chlorophyll concentration

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Cultivar,Nitrogen and Irrigation Influence on Grain Quality and Its Forecasting Methods by In situ Reflected Spectrum of Winter Wheat

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Agricultural Sciences in China 2004年第11期3卷 831-841页

作者： HUANGWen-jiang WANGJi-hua LIULiang-yun WANGZhi-jie TANChang-wei SONGXiao-yu WANGJing-di nationalengineeringresearchcenterforinformationtechnologyinagriculture P.O.Box2449-26Beijing100089P.R.China ResearchCenterforRemoteSensingandGIS SchoolofGeographyBeijingNormalUniversityBeijing100875P.R.China

Field experiments were conducted to examine the influence factors of cultivar, nitrogen application and irrigation on grain protein content, gluten content and grain hardness in three winter wheat cultivars under four levels of nitrogen and irrigation treatments. Firstly, the influence of cultivars and environment factors on grain quality were studied, the effective factors were cultivars, irrigation, fertilization, etc. Secondly, total nitrogen content around winter wheat anthesis stage was proved to be significantly correlative with grain protein content, and spectral vegetation index significantly correlated to total nitrogen content around anthesis stage were the potential indicators for grain protein content. Accumulation of total nitrogen content and its transfer to grain is the physical link to produce the final grain protein, and total nitrogen content at anthesis stage was proved to be an indicator of final grain protein content. The selected normalized photochemical reflectance index (NPRI) was proved to be able to predict grain protein content on the close correlation between the ratio of total carotenoid to chlorophyll a and total nitrogen content. The method contributes towards developing optimal procedures for predicting wheat grain quality through analysis of their canopy reflected spectrum at anthesis stage. Regression equations were established to forecast grain protein and dry gluten content by total nitrogen content at anthesis stage, so it is feasible for forecasting grain quality by establishing correlation equations between biochemical constitutes and canopy reflected spectrum.

关键词： Winter wheat Canopy reflected spectrum Normalized photochemical reflectance index (NPRI) Grain quality indicators Forecasting

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Application of Digital Photogrammetry to Measure Distribution of Tree Postions

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Forestry Studies in China 2004年第2期6卷 16-20页

作者： ZhangChao ZhangQing WangXuefeng nationalengineeringresearchcenterforinformationtechnologyinagriculture Beijing100089ER.China CollegeofBasicSciencesandTechnology BeijingForestryUniversityBeijing100083ER.China ResearchInstituteofForestResourceInformationTechniques ChineseAcademyofForestryBeijing100091P.R.China

The application of digital photogrammetry to measure distribution of tree positions with stereo image couple is introduced in detail, and the procedure of stereo vision applied in forestry environment is explored. Nonlinear error in measure model is adopted in the camera calibration; the interactive correlation matching is used under constraint of epipolar line and edge of tree detected by Canny operator. Results prove that application of digital photogrammetry technology to measure distribution of tree positions can meet demand of precision in experimental conditions.

关键词： spatial structure distribution of trees digital photogrammetry image matching

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