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Repetitive transcranial magnetic stimulation in Alzheimer’s disease:effects on neural and synaptic rehabilitation

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Neural Regeneration Research 2025年第2期20卷 326-342页

作者： Yi Ji Chaoyi Yang Xuerui Pang Yibing Yan Yue Wu Zhi Geng Wenjie Hu Panpan Hu Xingqi Wu Kai Wang Department of Neurology The First Affiliated Hospital of Anhui Medical UniversityHefeiAnhui ProvinceChina Anhui Province Key Laboratory of Cognition and Neuropsychiatric Disorders HefeiAnhui ProvinceChina Collaborative Innovation center of Neuropsychiatric Disorders and Mental Health HefeiAnhui ProvinceChina Institute of Artificial Intelligence Hefei Comprehensive National Science CenterHefeiAnhui ProvinceChina Department of Psychology and Sleep Medicine The Second Affiliated Hospital of Anhui Medical UniversityHefeiAnhui ProvinceChina

Alzheimer’s disease is a neurodegenerative disease resulting from deficits in synaptic transmission and *** Alzheimer’s disease brain tends to be hyperexcitable and hypersynchronized,thereby causing neurodegeneration and ultimately disrupting the operational abilities in daily life,leaving patients *** transcranial magnetic stimulation is a cost-effective,neuro-modulatory technique used for multiple neurological *** the past two decades,it has been widely used to predict cognitive decline;identify pathophysiological markers;promote neuroplasticity;and assess brain excitability,plasticity,and *** has also been applied to patients with dementia,because it can yield facilitatory effects on cognition and promote brain recovery after a neurological ***,its therapeutic effectiveness at the molecular and synaptic levels has not been elucidated because of a limited number of *** study aimed to characterize the neurobiological changes following repetitive transcranial magnetic stimulation treatment,evaluate its effects on synaptic plasticity,and identify the associated *** review essentially focuses on changes in the pathology,amyloidogenesis,and clearance pathways,given that amyloid deposition is a major hypothesis in the pathogenesis of Alzheimer’s *** mechanisms associated with repetitive transcranial magnetic stimulation procedures and different pathways mediating gene transcription,which are closely related to the neural regeneration process,are also ***,we discuss the outcomes of animal studies in which neuroplasticity is modulated and assessed at the structural and functional levels by using repetitive transcranial magnetic stimulation,with the aim to highlight future directions for better clinical translations.

关键词： Alzheimer’s disease amyloid deposition apoptotic mechanisms biomarker neural regeneration neurodegeneration repetitive transcranial magnetic stimulation synaptic plasticity

High-dose dexamethasone regulates microglial polarization via the GR/JAK1/STAT3 signaling pathway after traumatic brain injury

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Neural Regeneration Research 2025年第9期20卷 2611-2623页

作者： Mengshi Yang Miao Bai Yuan Zhuang Shenghua Lu Qianqian Ge Hao Li Yu Deng Hongbin Wu Xiaojian Xu Fei Niu Xinlong Dong Bin Zhang Baiyun Liu Beijing Tiantan Hospital Capital Medical UniversityBeijingChina Department of Neurology The First Hospital of Tsinghua UniversityBeijingChina Department of Neurotrauma and Beijing Key Laboratory of Central Nervous System Injury Beijing Neurosurgical InstituteCapital Medical UniversityBeijingChina Department of Critical Care Medicine Beijing Tiantan HospitalCapital Medical UniversityBeijingChina center for Nerve Injury and Repair Beijing Institute of Brain DisordersChina National Clinical Research Center for Neurological DiseasesBeijingChina

Although microglial polarization and neuroinflammation are crucial cellular responses after traumatic brain injury,the fundamental regulatory and functional mechanisms remain insufficiently *** potent anti-inflammato ry agents,the use of glucoco rticoids in traumatic brain injury is still controversial,and their regulatory effects on microglial polarization are not yet *** the present study,we sought to determine whether exacerbation of traumatic brain injury caused by high-dose dexamethasone is related to its regulatory effects on microglial polarization and its mechanisms of *** vitro cultured BV2 cells and primary microglia and a controlled cortical impact mouse model were used to investigate the effects of dexamethasone on microglial ***,dexamethasone,RU486(a glucocorticoid receptor antagonist),and ruxolitinib(a Janus kinase 1 antagonist)were ***-sequencing data obtained from a C57BL/6 mouse model of traumatic brain injury were used to identify potential targets of *** Morris water maze,quantitative reverse transcription-polymerase chain reaction,western blotting,immunofluorescence and confocal microscopy analysis,and TUNEL,Nissl,and Golgi staining were performed to investigate our ***-throughput sequencing results showed that arginase 1,a marker of M2 microglia,was significantly downregulated in the dexamethasone group compared with the traumatic brain injury group at3 days post-traumatic brain *** dexamethasone inhibited M1 and M2 microglia,with a more pronounced inhibitory effect on M2microglia in vitro and in *** receptor plays an indispensable role in microglial polarization after dexamethasone treatment following traumatic brain ***,glucocorticoid receptor activation increased the number of apoptotic cells and neuronal death,and also decreased the density of dendritic spines.A possible downstream receptor signaling mechanism is th

关键词： apoptosis BV2 microglia dexamethasone glucocorticoid receptor glucocorticoids innate immune system microglial polarization neuroinflammation primary microglia traumatic brain injury

Antithetical impacts of deleterious LRP1B mutations in non-squamous and squamous NSCLCs on predicting benefits from immune checkpoint inhibitor alone or with chemotherapy over chemotherapy alone: retrospective analyses of the POPLAR/OAK and CHOICE-01 trial

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Science China Life Sciences 2025年第1期 249-262页

作者： Jinliang Wang Wenyong Zhou Yu Xu Jianchun Duan Qiaoxia Zhou Guoqiang Wang Leo Li Chunwei Xu Wenxian Wang Shangli Cai Zhijie Wang Jie Wang Department of Oncology The Fifth Medical Center of Chinese PLA General Hospital Department of Thoracic Surgery Shanghai Chest HospitalSchool of MedicineShanghai Jiao Tong University Burning Rock Biotech CAMS Key Laboratory of Translational Research on Lung Cancer State Key Laboratory of Molecular OncologyDepartment of Medical OncologyNational Cancer Center/National Clinical Research Center for ancer/Cancer HospitalChinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College Institute of Basic Medicine and Cancer (IBMC) Chinese Academy of Sciences Department of Clinical Trial The Cancer Hospital of the University of Chinese Academy of Sciences (Zhejiang Cancer Hospital)

In non-small cell lung cancers,the non-squamous and squamous subtypes（nsqNSCLC and sqNSCLC） exhibit disparities in pathophysiology,tumor immunology,and potential genomic correlates affecting responses to immune checkpoint inhibitor（ICI）-based *** our inhouse training cohort（n=85）,the presence of the LRP1B deleterious mutation（LRP1B-del） was associated with longer and shorter progression-free survival（PFS） on ICIs alone in nsqNSCLCs and sqNSCLCs,respectively(Pinteraction=0.008).These results were validated using a larger public ICI cohort(n=208,Pinteraction<0.001).Multiplex immunofluorescence staining revealed an association between LRP1B-del and increased and decreased numbers of tumor-infiltrating CD8+T cells in nsqNSCLCs（P=0.040） and sqNSCLCs（P=0.014）,*** the POPLAR/OAK cohort,nsqNSCLCs with LRP1B-del demonstrated improved PFS benefits from atezolizumab over docetaxel(hazard ratio（HR）=0.70,P=0.046),whereas this benefit was negligible in those without LRP1B-del（HR=1.05,P=0.64）.Conversely,sqNSCLCs without LRP1B-del benefited more from atezolizumab（HR=0.60,P=0.002） than those with LRP1B-del（HR=1.30,P=0.31）.Consistent results were observed in the in-house CHOICE-01 cohort,in which nsqNSCLCs with LRP1B-del and sqNSCLCs without LRP1B-del benefited more from toripalimab plus chemotherapy than from chemotherapy alone(Pinteraction=0.008).This multi-cohort study delineates the antithetical impacts of LRP1B-del in nsqNSCLCs and sqNSCLCs on predicting the benefits from ICI alone or with chemotherapy over chemotherapy *** findings highlight the distinct clinical utility of LRP1B-del in guiding treatment choices for nsqNSCLCs and sqNSCLCs,emphasizing the necessity for a detailed analysis based on pathological subtypes when investigating biomarkers for cancer therapeutics.

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The South China Quasi-Stationary Front During the Ice-Snow Disaster of January 2008

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Acta meteorologica Sinica 2010年第4期24卷 521-526页

作者：陶祖钰郑永光张小玲 Physics School of Peking University national Key Laboratory of Severe weather Chinese Academy of Meteorological Sciences national Meteorological center

South China suffered an extremely severe disaster caused by low-temperature and ice-snow during the last 20 days of January 2008. The freezing rain and snow are climatologically related to the South China quasistationary front （SCQSF） in mid winter. The three-dimensional structure of the SCQSF was examined based on the weather charts, the sounding profiles, and the vertical cross-sections using the method of classical synoptic analysis.

关键词： frontal structure ice-snow weather synoptic analysis

Comparison of the Global Energy Cycle between Chinese Reanalysis Interim and ECMWF Reanalysis

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Journal of Meteorological Research 2019年第3期33卷 563-575页

作者： Bin ZHAO Bo ZHANG Chunxiang SHI Jingwei LIU Lipeng JIANG national Meteorological center China Meteorological Administration Beijing 100081 China Meteorological Administration Numerical weather Prediction center Beijing 100081 national Meteorological Information center China Meteorological Administration Beijing 100081

The global energy cycle is a diagnostic metric widely used to gauge the quality of datasets. In this paper, the "Mixed Space-Time Domain" method for diagnosis of energy cycle is evaluated by using newly developed datasets-the Chinese Reanalysis Interim (CRAI) and ECMWF Reanalysis version 5 (ERA5), over a 7-yr period (2010-16) on seasonal and monthly timescales. The results show that the energy components calculated from the two reanalysis datasets are highly consistent;however, some components in the global energy integral from CRAI are slightly larger than those from ERA5. The main discrepancy in the energy components stems from the conversion of baroclinic process, whereas the dominant difference originates from the conversion from stationary eddy available potential energy to stationary eddy kinetic energy (CES), which is caused by systematic differences in the temperature and vertical velocity in low-mid latitudes of the Northern Hemisphere and near the Antarctic, where there exist complex terrains. Furthermore, the monthly analysis reveals that the general discrepancy in the temporal variation between the two datasets also lie mainly in the CES as well as corresponding generation and dissipation rates.

关键词： global energy cycle transient waves conversion terms Chinese Reanalysis Interim (CRAI) ECMWF Reanalysis version 5 (ERA5)

The detection, extraction and parameter estimation of extreme-mass-ratio inspirals with deep learning

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Science China(Physics,Mechanics & Astronomy) 2025年第1期Mechanics & Astronomy) .卷 86-96页

作者： Qianyun Yun Wen-Biao Han Yi-Yang Guo He Wang Minghui Du Hangzhou Institute for Advanced Study University of Chinese Academy of Sciences Shanghai Astronomical Observatory Chinese Academy of Sciences School of Physics and Astronomy Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Astronomy and Space Science University of Chinese Academy of Sciences Taiji Laboratory for Gravitational Wave Universe (Beijing/Hangzhou) University of Chinese Academy of Sciences Lanzhou center for Theoretical Physics Key Laboratory of Theoretical Physics of Gansu Province Key Laboratory of Quantum Theory and Applications of MoE Lanzhou University Institute of Theoretical Physics & Research center of Gravitation Lanzhou University International Centre for Theoretical Physics Asia-Pacific (ICTP-AP) University of Chinese Academy of Sciences (UCAS) center for Gravitational Wave Experiment National Microgravity Laboratory Institute of Mechanics Chinese Academy of Sciences

One of the primary goals of space-borne gravitational wave detectors is to detect and analyze extreme-mass-ratio inspirals(EMRIs). This task is particularly challenging because EMRI signals are complex, lengthy, and faint. In this work, we introduce a2-layer convolutional neural network(CNN) approach to detect EMRI signals for space-borne detectors, achieving a true positive rate(TPR) of 96.9% at a 1% false positive rate(FPR) for signal-to-noise ratio(SNR) from 50 to 100. Especially, the key intrinsic parameters of EMRIs such as the mass, spin of the supermassive black hole(SMBH) and the initial eccentricity of the orbit can also be inferred directly by employing a neural network. The mass and spin of the SMBH can be determined at 99% and 92% respectively. This will greatly reduce the parameter spaces and computing cost for the following Bayesian parameter *** model also has a low dependency on the accuracy of the waveform model. This study underscores the potential of deep learning methods in EMRI data analysis, enabling the rapid detection of EMRI signals and efficient parameter estimation.

关键词： gravitational wave EMRIs deep-learing

INTEGRATED FRACTIONS SKILL SCORE FOR THE ASSESSMENT OF PRECIPITATION

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Journal of Tropical Meteorology 2019年第3期25卷 344-352页

作者： ZHANG Bo ZHAO Bin national Meteorological center Beijing 100081 China China Meteorological Administration Numerical weather Prediction center Beijing 100081 China

Traditional skill scores(e.g., the threat score) used in the high-resolution verification of precipitation are affected by a 'double penalty' caused by slight spatial or temporal displacements, which can lead to misleading evaluations. The fractions skill score(FSS) is a popular spatial verificaiton measure that can be used to solve these problems. It can determine useful and skillful scores by neighborhood analysis, which can be used to monitor the performance of operational forecasts. However, the FSS provides different scores at each spatial scale and it is difficult to obtain a definite score for the assessment of precipitation to analyze the temporal variabilities of daily forecasts. We previously reported a modified FSS assessment method and showed that a particular analysis scale had a significant advantage in the verification of operational forecasts of precipitation. To compensate for the lack of artificial definition in the analysis scale, we report here a new integrated score that satisfies a Gaussian weight function to average the FSS over all scales. We describe the advantages of the new score in the verification of forecasts of daily and hourly precipitation, taking forecast products from the GRAPES regional model and quantitative precipitation estimation products from the national Meteorological Information center during June and July 2017 and investigating the differences between these results and those obtained with the traditional category score. We found that a value of 0.5 can be used as a standard for the skillful FSS in the forecast of heavy rainfall. The integrated score can maintain all the advantages seen in previous studies in the verification of daily and hourly precipitation and show excellent application prospects. The long-term verification including different seasons also find that the score can effectively improve the identification characteristics of the assessment.

关键词： fractions skill score integrated score traditional category score heavy rainfall Gaussian weight function

A Three-Dimensional Model of Transport and Diffusion of Seeding Agents within Stratus

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Advances in Atmospheric Sciences 2000年第4期17卷 617-635页

作者：余兴戴进蒋维楣樊鹏 center of weather Modification of Shaanxi Province 710015 Xi'an

It is essential to learn the temporal and spatial concentration distributions and variations of seeding agents in cloud seeding of precipitation enhancement. A three-dimensional puff trajectory model incorporating a mesoscale nonhydrostatic model has been formulated, and is applied to simulating the transporting and diffusive characteristics of multiple line sources of seeding agents within super-cooled stratus. Several important factors are taken into consideration that affect the diffusion of seeding materials such as effects of topography and vertical wind shear, temporal and spatial variation of seeding parameters and wet deposition. The particles of seeding agents are assumed to be almost inert, they have no interaction with the particles of the cloud or precipitation except that they are washed out by precipitation. The model validity is demonstrated by the analyses and comparisons of model results, and checked by the sensitivity experiments of diffusive coefficients and atmospheric stratification. The advantage of this model includes not only its exact reflection of heterogeneity and unsteadiness of background fields, but also its good simulation of transport and diffusion of multiple line sources. The horizontal diffusion rate and the horizontal transport distance have been proposed that they usually were difficult to obtain in other models. In this simulation the horizontal diffusion rate is 0.82 m s(-1) for average of one hour, and the horizontal average transport distance reaches 65 km after 1 4 which are closely related to the background Fields.

关键词： puff trajectory model transport and diffusion multiple line sources of seeding agents heterogeneity and unsteadiness diffusion rate and transport distance super-cooled stratus

Exosomes:the next-generation therapeutic platform for ischemic stroke

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Neural Regeneration Research 2025年第5期20卷 1221-1235页

作者： Wenjing Yin Hongyin Ma Yang Qu Jiaxin Ren Yingying Sun Zhen-Ni Guo Yi Yang Stroke center Department of NeurologyFirst Hospital of Jilin UniversityChangchunJilin ProvinceChina Neuroscience Research center Department of NeurologyFirst Hospital of Jilin UniversityChangchunJilin ProvinceChina

Current therapeutic strategies for ischemic stroke fall short of the desired objective of neurological functional ***,there is an urgent need to develop new methods for the treatment of this *** are natural cell-derived vesicles that mediate signal transduction between cells under physiological and pathological *** have low immunogenicity,good stability,high delivery efficiency,and the ability to cross the blood–brain *** physiological properties of exosomes have the potential to lead to new breakthroughs in the treatment of ischemic *** rapid development of nanotechnology has advanced the application of engineered exosomes,which can effectively improve targeting ability,enhance therapeutic efficacy,and minimize the dosages *** in technology have also driven clinical translational research on *** this review,we describe the therapeutic effects of exosomes and their positive roles in current treatment strategies for ischemic stroke,including their antiinflammation,anti-apoptosis,autophagy-regulation,angiogenesis,neurogenesis,and glial scar formation reduction ***,it is worth noting that,despite their significant therapeutic potential,there remains a dearth of standardized characterization methods and efficient isolation techniques capable of producing highly purified *** optimization strategies should prioritize the exploration of suitable isolation techniques and the establishment of unified workflows to effectively harness exosomes for diagnostic or therapeutic applications in ischemic ***,our review aims to summarize our understanding of exosome-based treatment prospects in ischemic stroke and foster innovative ideas for the development of exosome-based therapies.

关键词： blood–brain barrier electroacupuncture engineering exercise exosomes ischemic stroke mesenchymal stem cells microglia neuroprotection stents