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Unifying concepts in methanogenic,aerobic,and anammox sludge granulation

Environmental Science and Ecotechnology 2024年第1期17卷 17-30页

作者： Simon Mills Anna Christine Trego Marco Prevedello Jo De Vrieze Vincent O’Flaherty Piet N.L.Lens Gavin Collins Microbial Communities Laboratory School of Biological and Chemical SciencesNational University of Ireland GalwayUniversity RoadGalwayH91 TK33Ireland Microbial Ecology Laboratory School of Biological and Chemical Sciences University of GalwayUniversity RoadGalwayH91 TK33Ireland Center for Microbial Ecology and Technology(CMET) Ghent UniversityCoupure Links 653B-9000GentBelgium university of galway University RoadGalwayH91 TK33Ireland

The retention of dense and well-functioning microbial biomass is crucial for effective pollutant removal in several biological wastewater treatment *** solids retention is often achieved through aggregation of microbial communities into dense,spherical aggregates known as granules,which were initially discovered in the *** granules have since been widely applied in upflow anaerobic digesters for waste-to-energy ***,granular biomass has been applied in aerobic wastewater treatment and anaerobic ammonium oxidation(anammox)*** mechanisms underpinning the formation of methanogenic,aerobic,and anammox granules are the subject of ongoing *** each granule type has been extensively studied in isolation,there has been a lack of comparative studies among these granulation *** is likely that there are some unifying concepts that are shared by all three sludge *** these unifying concepts could allow a unified theory of granulation to be ***,we review the granulation mechanisms of methanogenic,aerobic,and anammox granular sludge,highlighting several common concepts,such as the role of extracellular polymeric substances,cations,and operational parameters like upflow velocity and shear *** have then identified some unique features of each granule type,such as different internal structures,microbial compositions,and quorum sensing ***,we propose that future research should prioritize aspects of microbial ecology,such as community assembly or interspecies interactions in individual granules during their formation and growth.

关键词： Granule Granulation Anaerobic digestion Anammox Aerobic granule

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Simultaneous removal of critical rare earth elements and chalcogen oxyanions by anaerobic granular sludge

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Rare Metals 2024年第9期43卷 4595-4611页

作者： Chiara Belloni Mohanakrishnan Logan Stefano Papirio Piet N.L.Lens university of galway Galway H91 TK33Ireland Department of Civil Architectural and Environmental EngineeringUniversity of Naples Federico II80125 NaplesItaly

Conventional mining of economically and strategically important critical rare earth elements(REEs)(such as neodymium,lanthanum and dysprosium),and chalcogens(such as selenium and tellurium)are associated with a huge economic and environmental ***,the need to recover REEs as well as chalcogens from different waste streams including wastewaters is becoming *** assays on synthetic chalcogen/REE-laden wastewater showed that the presence of REEs significantly improved the tellurite removal rate(>80%)and enhanced selenate removal by 66%±10%.Three 3.9 L continuous upflow anaerobic granular sludge bed(UASB)reactors were operated at a hydraulic retention time of 24 h and30℃.Selenate reduction was achieved with a removal efficiency of~98%with an influent p H of 4.0 for more than 28 *** effect of REEs on tellurite removal in the UASB bioreactor could not be clearly established since a soluble tellurium removal efficiency of more than 98%was observed already before the addition of REEs at elevated tellurite *** complete REE removal in both batch assays and UASB reactors at higher pH(7.0±0.5)was attributed to precipitation,whereas chalcogen oxyanions removal was due to microbial ***,at acidic p H,biosorption was responsible for REE's removal,and the Se-enriched sludge exhibited a superior REE's removal efficiency than the non-enriched and Te-enriched sludge.

关键词： Rare earth elements Selenium Tellurium Bioreduction Adsorption

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The loaded matrix:neurotrophin-enriched hydrogels for stem cell brain repair in Parkinson's disease

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Neural Regeneration Research 2025年第8期20卷 2315-2316页

作者： Giulia Comini Eilis Dowd Pharmacology&Therapeutics University of GalwayGalwayIreland

More than 200 years after Parkinson's disease was first described by the English surgeon whose name would eventually be given to the condition,available treatments remain purely symptomatic,leaving a critical unmet cl... 详细信息

关键词： clinical loaded eventually

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Application of a simplified ADM1 for full-scale anaerobic co-digestion of cattle slurry and grass silage:assessment of input variability

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Frontiers of Environmental Science & Engineering 2024年第4期18卷 125-139页

作者： Sofia Tisocco Sören Weinrich Gary Lyons Michael Wills Xinmin Zhan Paul Crosson Civil Engineering College of Science and EngineeringUniversity of GalwayGalwayH91 TK33Ireland Teagasc Animal and Bioscience Research Department Animal and Grassland Research and Innovation CentreDunsanyC15 PW93Ireland Biochemical Conversion Department Deutsches Biomasseforschungszentrum gemeinnützige GmbHLeipzig 04347Germany Faculty of Energy·Building Services·Environmental Engineering Münster University of Applied SciencesSteinfurt 48565Germany Agri-Food and Biosciences Institute HillsboroughBT266DRUK Ryan Institute University of GalwayGalwayH91 TK33Ireland MaREI Research Centre for Energy Climate and MarineRyan InstituteUniversity of GalwayGalwayH91 TK33Ireland

Mathematical modeling of anaerobic digestion is a powerful tool to predict gas yields and optimize the *** Anaerobic Digestion Model No.1(ADM1)is a widely implemented model for this ***,modeling full-scale biogas plants is challenging due to the extensive substrate and parameter characterization *** study describes the modification of the ADM1 through a simplification of individual process phases,characteristic components and required ***,the ability of the simplified model to simulate the co-digestion of grass silage and cattle slurry was evaluated using data from a full-scale biogas *** impacts of substrate composition(crude carbohydrate,protein and lipid concentration)and variability of carbohydrate degradability on simulation results were assessed to identify the most influential *** indicated that the simplified version was able to depict biogas and biomethane production with average model efficiencies,according to the Nash-Sutcliffe efficiency(NSE)coefficient,of 0.70 and 0.67,respectively,and was comparable to the original ADM1(average model efficiencies of 0.71 and 0.63,respectively).The variability of crude carbohydrate,protein and lipid concentration did not significantly impact biogas and biomethane output for the data sets *** contrast,carbohydrate degradability seemed to explain much more of the variability in the biogas and methane ***,the application of simplified models provides a reliable basis for the process simulation and optimization of full-scale agricultural biogas plants.

关键词： ADM1 Agricultural feedstocks Biogas technology Input variability Parameter estimation

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Survey on Video Security:Examining Threats,Challenges,and Future Trends

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Computers, Materials & Continua 2024年第9期80卷 3591-3635页

作者： Ali Asghar Amna Shifa Mamoona Naveed Asghar Department of Artificial Intelligence Faculty of ComputingThe Islamia University of BahawalpurBahawalpur63100Pakistan School of Computer Science College of Science and EngineeringUniversity of GalwayGalwayH91 TK33Ireland

Videos represent the most prevailing form of digital media for communication,information dissemination,and ***,theirwidespread use has increased the risks of unauthorised access andmanipulation,posing significant *** response,various protection approaches have been developed to secure,authenticate,and ensure the integrity of digital *** study provides a comprehensive survey of the challenges associated with maintaining the confidentiality,integrity,and availability of video content,and examining how it can be *** then investigates current developments in the field of video security by exploring two critical research ***,it examine the techniques used by adversaries to compromise video data and evaluate their *** these attack methodologies is crucial for developing effective defense ***,it explores the various security approaches that can be employed to protect video data,enhancing its transparency,integrity,and *** compares the effectiveness of these approaches across different use cases,including surveillance,video on demand(VoD),and medical videos related to disease ***,it identifies potential research opportunities to enhance video data protection in response to the evolving threat *** this investigation,this study aims to contribute to the ongoing efforts in securing video data,providing insights that are vital for researchers,practitioners,and policymakers dedicated to enhancing the safety and reliability of video content in our digital world.

关键词： Attacks threats security services video manipulation video security

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Machine learning based state-of-charge prediction of electrochemical green hydrogen production:Zink-Zwischenschritt-Elektrolyseur(ZZE)

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Energy and AI 2024年第2期16卷 269-276页

作者： Daniel Vila Elisabeth Hornberger Christina Toigo STOFF2 GmbH–Gebäude H/Flughafen Tegel 1 13405 BerlinGermany university of Applied Sciences Upper Austria Stelzhamerstraße 23A-4600 WelsAustria Centre for Economic Research on Inclusivity and Sustainability at the university of galway University RoadGalwayIreland

The intermittency of renewable energy is a key limiting factor for the successful decarbonization of both energy producing and consuming sectors. Green hydrogen has the potential to act as the central energy vector connecting hard-to-abate sectors to renewable power. However, combining energy storage and conversion for a holistic electrolyzer system remains challenging. Here, we show the innovative Zink-Zwischenschritt Elektrolyseur (ZZE), or Zinc Intermediate step Electrolyzer in English, that temporarily decouples the water splitting reaction and uses zinc to store electrical energy in chemical form. To perform optimal operation of a ZZE system, machine learning models were applied to predict the state of charge of a lab scale ZZE system. Using various models, we were able to determine the effectiveness of the prediction and contrast it to state of charge predictions of other energy storage systems. We show that a bi-directional long short-term memory neural network approach has the lowest error within the testing environment. This work serves to perform further ZZE development as well as state of charge prediction for other novel energy storage technologies.

关键词： Electrolyzer Battery ZZE Energy storage State of charge Machine learning Sequence-to-sequence model

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Neuroinflammation as a therapeutic target in Huntington's disease

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Neural Regeneration Research 2025年第3期20卷 817-818页

作者： Andrea Kwakowsky Thulani H.Palpagama Center for Brain Research and Department of Anatomy and Medical Imaging Faculty of Medical and Health SciencesUniversity of AucklandAucklandNew Zealand Pharmacology and Therapeutics School of MedicineGalway Neuroscience CentreUniversity of GalwayGalwayIreland

In 1872, George Huntington presented his essay “On Chorea” to the Meigs and Mason Academy of Medicine and, in doing so, detailed a disease that would later bear his name. Huntington's disease(HD) is a genetic, neurodegenerative disease that manifests as the loss of motor control,cognitive impairment,and mood and psychiatric changes in paents.

关键词： Huntington inflammation Medicine

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Glial response in the midcingulate cortex in Huntington’s disease

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Neural Regeneration Research 2025年第1期20卷 207-208页

作者： Thulani H.Palpagama Andrea Kwakowsky Center for Brain Research and Department of Anatomy and Medical Imaging Faculty of Medical and Health SciencesUniversity of AucklandAucklandNew Zealand Pharmacology and Therapeutics School of MedicineGalway Neuroscience CenterUniversity of GalwayGalwayIreland

Huntington’s disease(HD)is a genetic disease characterized by the progressive degeneration of the striatum and *** can present with a variety of symptoms that can broadly be classified into motor symptoms,inclusive of choreatic movements and rigidity,mood and psychiatric symptoms,such as depression and apathy,and cognitive symptoms,such as cognitive *** causal mutation underlying HD results from an expansion of a CAG repeat sequence on the IT15 gene,resulting in the formation and accumulation of a mutant huntingtin protein.

关键词： Huntington degeneration cortex

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Negative Poisson’s ratio locally resonant seismic metamaterials vibration isolation barrier

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Acta Mechanica Sinica 2024年第8期40卷 239-252页

作者： Haibin Ding Nianyong Huang Muhammad Changjie Xu Lihong Tonog State Key Laboratory of Performance Monitoring and Protecting of Rail Transit Infrastructure Nanchang330013China Institute of Geotechnical Engineering School of Civil Engineering and ArchitectureEast China Jiaotong UniversityNanchang330013China Department of Mechanical Manufacturing and Biomedical EngineeringTrinity College DublinDublinD02PN40Ireland Department of Mechanical Engineering University of GalwayUniversity RoadGalwayH91 HX31Ireland

In recent decades,the application of seismic metamaterials to protect civil infrastructures being free of the damage of earthquakes has been attracting extensive ***,the proposed locally resonant seismic metamaterials provide the probability of isolating the low-frequency seismic wave using a small-size isolation ***,in previous studies,the energy absorption properties of locally resonant seismic metamaterials remain one of the least understood aspects of *** from the fascinating energy absorption characteristic of negative Poisson ratio(NPR)metamaterial,we creatively design a new seismic metamaterial structure by assembling the locally resonant seismic metamaterial and NPR metamaterial,to isolate seismic *** sound cone technique combining the transmission spectrum is employed to identify the surface wave from the hybrid *** generation mechanism of frequency bandgap and the isolation effectiveness of the proposed seismic metamaterial are discussed in *** results indicate that the generation of ultra-low and ultra-wide frequency bandgap with the range of 0.65 Hz–18.9 Hz is attributed to the locally resonant and energy absorption of the proposed seismic metamaterial structure and the excellent isolation effect is achieved by transforming the surface wave into the bulk *** frequency bandgap narrows as the distance increases between each *** addition,the mechanical properties of the NPR bearing,such as the Poisson ratio,mass density,and elastic modulus,have remarkable impact on the frequency bandgap,especially on the upper bound *** practical engineering,the NPR bearing with a low Poisson ratio,small mass density,and high elastic modulus is suggested for the design of the NPR locally resonant seismic metamaterial *** domain analysis for the practical seismic wave verifies that the proposed seismic metamaterial has a promising application in isolating ultra-low and ultra-wi

关键词： Seismic metamaterials Locally resonant Negative Poisson ratio(NPR) Seismic waves Frequency bandgap Vibration isolation barrier

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Machine Learning-Assisted Fabrication of PCBM-Perovskite Solar Cells with Nanopatterned TiO2 Layer

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Energy & Environmental Materials 2024年第4期7卷 223-230页

作者： Siti Norhasanah Sanimu Hwa-Young Yang Jeevan Kandel Ye-Chong Moon Gangasagar Sharma Gaudel Seung-Ju Yu Yong Ju Kim Sejung Kim Bong-Hyun Jun Won-Yeop Rho Graduate School of Integrated Energy-AI Jeonbuk National University School of Energy and Chemical Engineering Ulsan National Institute of Science and Technology (UNIST) Department of Herbal Medicine Resources College of Environmental and Bioresource Sciences Jeonbuk National University School of Chemical Engineering Jeonbuk National University Department of Bioscience and Biotechnology Konkuk University School of International Engineering and Science Jeonbuk National University

To unlock the full potential of PSCs,machine learning （ML） was implemented in this research to predict the optimal combination of mesoporous-titanium dioxide （mp-TiO2） and weight percentage （wt%） of phenyl-C61-butyric acid methyl ester （PCBM）,along with the current density(Jsc),open-circuit voltage (Voc),fill factor （ff）,and energy conversion efficiency （ECE）.

关键词： machine learning nanopatterning PCBM perovskite solar cells prediction

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