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Modeling and Comprehensive Review of Signaling Storms in 3GPP-Based Mobile Broadband Networks:Causes,Solutions,and Countermeasures

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computer Modeling in Engineering & sciences 2025年第1期142卷 123-153页

作者： Muhammad Qasim Khan Fazal Malik Fahad Alturise Noor Rahman Department of computer Science Iqra National UniversityPeshawar25000Pakistan Department of Cybersecurity College of ComputerQassim UniversityBuraydah52555Saudi Arabia Department of computer Science and Engineering Al-Fayha CollegeAl Jubayl31961Saudi Arabia

Control signaling is mandatory for the operation and management of all types of communication networks,including the Third Generation Partnership Project(3GPP)mobile broadband ***,they consume important and scarce network resources such as bandwidth and processing *** have been several reports of these control signaling turning into signaling storms halting network operations and causing the respective Telecom companies big financial *** paper draws its motivation from such real network disaster incidents attributed to signaling *** this paper,we present a thorough survey of the causes,of the signaling storm problems in 3GPP-based mobile broadband networks and discuss in detail their possible solutions and *** provide relevant analytical models to help quantify the effect of the potential causes and benefits of their corresponding *** important contribution of this paper is the comparison of the possible causes and solutions/countermeasures,concerning their effect on several important network aspects such as architecture,additional signaling,fidelity,etc.,in the form of a *** paper presents an update and an extension of our earlier conference *** our knowledge,no similar survey study exists on the subject.

关键词： Signaling storm problems control signaling load analytical modeling 3GPP networks smart devices diameter signaling mobile broadband data access data traffic mobility management signaling network architecture 5G mobile communication

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Congruent Feature Selection Method to Improve the Efficacy of Machine Learning-Based Classification in Medical Image Processing

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computer Modeling in Engineering & sciences 2025年第1期142卷 357-384页

作者： Mohd Anjum Naoufel Kraiem Hong Min Ashit Kumar Dutta Yousef Ibrahim Daradkeh Department of computer Engineering Aligarh Muslim UniversityAligarh202002India College of computer Science King Khalid UniversityAbha61413Saudi Arabia School of Computing Gachon UniversitySeongnam13120Republic of Korea Department of computer Science and Information Systems College of Applied SciencesAlMaarefa UniversityRiyadh13713Saudi Arabia Department of computer Engineering and Information College of Engineering in Wadi AlddawasirPrince Sattam bin Abdulaziz UniversityAl-Kharj16273Saudi Arabia

Machine learning(ML)is increasingly applied for medical image processing with appropriate learning *** applications include analyzing images of various organs,such as the brain,lung,eye,etc.,to identify specific flaws/diseases for *** primary concern of ML applications is the precise selection of flexible image features for pattern detection and region *** of the extracted image features are irrelevant and lead to an increase in computation ***,this article uses an analytical learning paradigm to design a Congruent Feature Selection Method to select the most relevant image *** process trains the learning paradigm using similarity and correlation-based features over different textural intensities and pixel *** similarity between the pixels over the various distribution patterns with high indexes is recommended for disease ***,the correlation based on intensity and distribution is analyzed to improve the feature selection ***,the more congruent pixels are sorted in the descending order of the selection,which identifies better regions than the ***,the learning paradigm is trained using intensity and region-based similarity to maximize the chances of ***,the probability of feature selection,regardless of the textures and medical image patterns,is *** process enhances the performance of ML applications for different medical image *** proposed method improves the accuracy,precision,and training rate by 13.19%,10.69%,and 11.06%,respectively,compared to other models for the selected *** mean error and selection time is also reduced by 12.56%and 13.56%,respectively,compared to the same models and dataset.

关键词： computer vision feature selection machine learning region detection texture analysis image classification medical images

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Inspires effective alternatives to backpropagation:predictive coding helps understand and build learning

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Neural Regeneration Research 2025年第11期20卷 3215-3216页

作者： Zhenghua Xu Miao Yu Yuhang Song School of Health sciences and Biomedical Engineering Hebei University of TechnologyTianjinChina Department of computer Science University of OxfordOxfordUK

Artificial neural networks are capable of machine learning by simulating the hiera rchical structure of the human *** enable learning by brain and machine,it is essential to accurately identify and correct the prediction errors,referred to as credit assignment(Lillicrap et al.,2020).It is critical to develop artificial intelligence by understanding how the brain deals with credit assignment in neuroscience.

关键词： assignment learning enable

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Behavior of Anisotropic Compact Stars in f(R,∅) Gravity

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Communications in Theoretical Physics 2019年第5期71卷 599-609页

作者： M.Farasat Shamir Adnan Malik Department of sciences and Humanities National University of Computer and Emerging Sciences

The aim of this paper is to investigate modified f(R, ?) theory of gravity, where R and ? represent the Ricci scalar and scalar potential respectively. Specifically, we take the spherically symmetric spacetime to discuss the possible emergence of compact stars. We study the physical behavior of compact stars by considering 4 U 1820-30, SAX J1808-3658 and Her X1, which are three popular models of compact stars. The graphical analysis of energy density, radial pressure, tangential pressure, energy conditions as well as stability of compact stars has been shown. It is concluded that behavior of these three stars is usual for f(R, ?) gravity models with some specific choices of model parameters.

关键词： f(R,∅) gravity spherically symmetric spacetime compact stars Klein-Gordon equation

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Energy Bounds for Static Spherically Symmetric Spacetime in f(R, G) Gravity

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Communications in Theoretical Physics 2018年第8期69卷 190-196页

作者： M.Farasat Shamir Ayesha Komal Department of sciences and Humanities National University of Computer and Emerging Sciences

The main purpose of this paper is to investigate energy bounds in the context of f(R, G) gravity. To meet this aim, we choose static spherically symmetric spacetime in f(R, G) gravity to develop the field equations. We select three different models of f(R, G) gravity, which are thoroughly discussed in the literature. Firstly, the inequalities are formulated using energy bounds and then viability of the considered models are checked respectively. Graphical analysis show that specific f(R, G) gravity models are satisfied under suitable values of model parameters. It is shown that in a certain case energy bounds are satisfied expect SEC, which supports the late time acceleration expansion of unverse.

关键词： energy bounds f(R G) gravity

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Plane Symmetric Solutions in f(R,T) Gravity

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Communications in Theoretical Physics 2016年第3期65卷 301-307页

作者： M.Farasat Shamir Department of sciences and Humanities National University of Computer and Emerging SciencesLahore Campus

The main purpose of this paper is to investigate the exact solutions of plane symmetric spacetime in the context of f(R,T)gravity[***.D 84(2011)024020],where f(R,T)is an arbitrary function of Ricci scalar R and trace of the energy momentum tensor *** explore the exact solutions for two different classes of f(R,T)*** first class f(R,T)=R+2f(T)yields a solution which corresponds to Taub's metric while the second class f(R,T)=f_1(R)+f_2(T)provides two additional solutions which include the well known anti-deSitter *** energy densities and corresponding functions for f(R,T)models are evaluated in each case.

关键词： f(R T)gravity plane symmetric spacetime

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Wormhole solutions and energy conditions in f(R,G)gravity

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Communications in Theoretical Physics 2021年第11期73卷 131-141页

作者： M Farasat Shamir G Mustafa Saad Waseem Mushtaq Ahmad national university of computer and emerging sciences Lahore CampusPakistan Department of Mathematics Shanghai UniversityShanghai200444China national university of computer and emerging sciences Chiniot-Faisalabad CampusPakistan

In this manuscript,the traversable wormhole solutions have been explored in modified f(R,G)gravity by taking into consideration the model f(R,G)=R+rG2,where R is the Ricci curvature scalar and G is the Gauss–Bonnet *** acceptable form of the redshift function has been incorporated which is a non-constant in nature along with the implementation of those already defined in literature,the two shape functions namely b(r)=r/exp(r-r0)and b(r)=r0log(r+1)/log(r0+1).It is shown by studying the energy condition and through the graphical analysis that the null energy bounds for the effective energy-momentum tensor are generally violated for the presence of the ordinary matter in modified f(R,G)*** conditions associated with the matter content threading the wormhole geometries are evaluated and in general are found to favor the null energy conditions in the vicinity of the wormhole throat,the existence of the nonexotic wormhole geometries threaded by the matter has been confirmed under this gravity.

关键词： f(R,G)gravity energy conditions wormholes shape function

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Conserved Quantities in f(R) Gravity via Noether Symmetry

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Chinese Physics Letters 2012年第8期29卷 33-37页

作者： M.Farasat Shamir Adil Jhangeer Akhlaq Ahmad Bhatti Department of sciences&Humanities National University of Computer&Emerging SciencesLahore CampusPakistan

We investigate f(R)gravity using the Noether symmetry *** this purpose,we consider Friedmann Robertson–Walker(FRW)universe and spherically symmetric *** Noether symmetry generators are evaluated for some specific choice of f(R)models in the presence of the gauge ***,we calculate the corresponding conserved quantities in each ***,the importance and stability criteria of these models are discussed.

关键词： symmetry Noether gauge

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f(G,T) Gravity with Cylindrically Symmetric Relativistic Fluids

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Communications in Theoretical Physics 2019年第2期71卷 220-230页

作者： M.Farasat Shamir M.Awais Sadiq Department of sciences and Humanities National University of Computer and Emerging SciencesLahore CampusLahorePakistan

The aim of this paper is to examine the structure scalars with account of f(G, T) theory of gravity. We consider the cylindrically symmetric spacetime with dissipative anisotropic background. We have determined the structure scalars by orthogonally decomposing the Riemann curvature tensor and it is shown that these scalars are associated with fundamental properties of fluid. We further investigate the mass function along with the transport equation and discuss their role on the evolutionary stages of relativistic stellar systems. We have also analyzed these structure scalars for static fluid distributions and it is concluded that all possible solutions of field equations can be expressed through these scalars.

关键词： f(G,T) gravity cylindrically symmetric spacetime structure scalars

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Dust Static Cylindrically Symmetric Solutions in f(R) Gravity

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Communications in Theoretical Physics 2014年第9期61卷 348-352页

作者： M. Farasat Shamir Zahid Raza Department of sciences and Humanities National University of Computer and Emerging SciencesLahore Campus Pakistan

This paper is devoted to investigate non-vacuum solutions of cylindrically symmetric spacetime in the context of metric f(R) gravity. We take dust matter to find energy density of the universe. In particular, we find two exact solutions, which correspond to two f(R) models in each case. The first solution provides constant curvature while the second solution corresponds to non-constant curvature. The functions of the Ricci scalar and energy densities are evaluated in each case.

关键词： f(R) gravity cylindrically symmetric spacetime

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