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The genetic basis and process of inbreeding depression in an elite hybrid rice

Science China(Life Sciences) 2024年第8期67卷 1727-1738页

作者： Xiaodong Xu Yawen Xu Jian Che Xu Han Zhengji Wang Xianmeng Wang Qinghua Zhang Xu Li Qinglu Zhang Jinghua Xiao Xianghua Li Qifa Zhang Yidan Ouyang national Key Laboratory of Crop genetic Improvement and national centre of Plant gene research(Wuhan) Hubei Hongshan LaboratoryHuazhong Agricultural UniversityWuhan 430070China

Inbreeding depression refers to the reduced performance arising from increased homozygosity,a phenomenon that is the reverse of heterosis and exists among plants and *** a natural self-pollinated crop with strong heterosis,the mechanism of inbreeding depression in rice is largely *** understand the genetic basis of inbreeding depression,we constructed a successive inbreeding population from the F_(2)to F_(4)generation and observed inbreeding depression of all heterotic traits in the progeny along with the decay of heterozygosity in each *** expected depression effect was largely explained by 13 QTLs showing dominant effects for spikelets per panicle,11 for primary branches,and 12 for secondary branches,and these loci constitute the main correlation between heterosis and inbreeding ***,the genetic basis of inbreeding depression is also distinct from that of heterosis,such that a biased transmission ratio of alleles for QTLs with either dominant or additive effects in four segregation distortion regions would result in minor effects in expected ***,two-locus interactions may change the extent and direction of the depression effects of the target loci,and overall interactions would promote inbreeding depression among *** an F_(2:3)variation population,the actual performance of the loci showing expected depression was evaluated considering the heterozygosity decay in the background after *** found inconsistent or various degrees of background depression from the F_(2)to F_(3)generation assuming different genotypes of the target locus,which may affect the actual depression effect of the locus due to *** results suggest that the genetic architecture of inbreeding depression and heterosis is closely linked but also differs in their intrinsic mechanisms,which expand our understanding of the whole-genome architecture of inbreeding depression.

关键词： rice inbreeding depression spikelet development dominance segregation distortion epistasis

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The OsCLV2s-OsCRN1 co-receptor regulates grain shape in rice

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Journal of genetics and Genomics 2024年第7期51卷 691-702页

作者： Xingxing Li Meng-en Wu Juncheng Zhang Jingyue Xu Yuanfei Diao Yibo Li national Key Laboratory of Crop genetic Improvement and national centre of Plant gene research(Wuhan) Huazhong Agricultural UniversityWuhanHubei 430070China Hubei Hongshan Laboratory WuhanHubei 430070China

The highly conserved CLV–WUS negative feedback pathway plays a decisive role in regulating stem cell maintenance in shoot and floral meristems in higher plants,including Arabidopsis,rice,maize,and ***,we find significant natural variations in the OsCLV2c,OsCLV2d,and OsCRN1 loci in a genome-wide association study of grain shape in ***2a,OsCLV2c,OsCLV2d,and OsCRN1 negatively regulate grain length–width ratio and show distinctive geographical distribution,indica–japonica differentiation,and artificial selection ***,OsCLV2a and OsCRN1 interact biochemically and genetically,suggesting that the two components function in a complex to regulate grain shape of ***,the genetic contributions of the haplotypes combining OsCLV2a,OsCLV2c,and OsCRN1 are significantly higher than those of each single gene alone in controlling key yield *** findings identify two groups of receptor-like kinases that may function as distinct co-receptors to control grain size in rice,thereby revealing a previously unrecognized role of the CLV class genes in regulating seed development and proposing a framework to understand the molecular mechanisms of the CLV–WUS pathway in rice and other crops.

关键词： Rice Grain shape OsCLV2s OsCRN1 Natural variations Indica-japonica differentiation

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Assembly of functional carboxymethyl cellulose/polyethylene oxide/anatase TiO_(2) nanocomposites and tuning the dielectric relaxation, optical, and photoluminescence performances

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Journal of Semiconductors 2024年第7期45卷 26-38页

作者： Asmaa M.Ismail Abeer A.Reffaee Fawzy G.El Desouky Spectroscopy Department Physics Research InstituteNational Research CentreGizaCairo 12622Egypt Microwave Physics and Dielectrics Department National Research CentreDokkiCairoEgypt Solid State Physics Department Physics Research InstituteNational Research CentreGizaCairo 12622Egypt

Nanocomposite films consisting of carboxymethyl cellulose,polyethylene oxide(CMC/PEO),and anatase titanium diox-ide(TO)were produced by the use of sol-gel and solution casting ***2 nanocrystals were effectively incorporated into CMC/PEO polymers,as shown by X-ray diffraction(XRD)and attenuated total reflectance fourier transform infrared(ATR-FTIR)*** roughness growth is at high levels of TO nanocrystals(TO NCs),which means increasing active sites and defects in CMC/*** differential scanning calorimetry(DSC)thermograms,the change in glass transition temperature(Tg)val-ues verifies that the polymer blend interacts with TO *** increment proportions of TO NCs have a notable impact on the dielectric performances of the nanocomposites,as *** electrical properties of the CMC/PEO/TO nanocomposite undergo significant *** nanocomposite films exhibit a red alteration in the absorption edge as the concentration of TO NCs increases in the polymer *** decline in the energy gap is readily apparent as the weight percentage of TO NCs *** photoluminescence(PL)emission spectra indicate that the sites of the luminescence peak maximums show slight variation;peaks get wider,while their intensities decrease dramatically as the concentration of TO *** nanocomposite materials show potential for multifunctional applications including optoelectronics,antireflection coatings,pho-tocatalysis,light emitting diodes,and solid polymer electrolytes.

关键词： anatase TiO_(2) CMC/PEO nanocomposites optical photoluminescent electrical optoelectronics

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The Os14-3-3 family genes regulate grain size in rice

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Journal of genetics and Genomics 2024年第4期51卷 454-457页

作者： Yingying Song Huaizhou Yang Wenran Zhu Huili Wang Juncheng Zhang Yibo Li national Key Laboratory of Crop genetic Improvement and national centre of Plant gene research(Wuhan) Huazhong Agricultural UniversityWuhanHubei 430070China Hubei Hongshan Laboratory WuhanHubei 430070China

Rice is one of the most important cereal crops in the world,providing food for more than half of the global population;therefore,increasing grain yield is a major goal of rice *** grain yield is largely dependent on grain size,which is specified by its three dimensions(grain length,width,and thickness)and by the degree of grain filling(Xing and Zhang,2010;Fan and Li,2019).Grain size is an important agronomic trait for stable yield,appearance,milling quality,and domestication in rice that is controlled by multiple ***,discovering more genes regulating grain size for understanding the regulatory mechanisms underlying natural variations is important in crop molecular breeding(Zuo and Li,2014).

关键词： breeding crops grain

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Evaluation of soil loss severity and ecological restoration approach for sustainable agriculture in the Hindu Kush, Karakoram and Himalaya region

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Journal of Mountain Science 2024年第5期21卷 1509-1521页

作者： Arshad ASHRAF Imran AHMAD Climate Energy and Water Research InstituteNational Agricultural Research Centre(NARC)Islamabad 44000Pakistan

Soil erosion has resulted in removal of the topsoils containing fine soil particles and plant nutrients, causing decrease in soil fertility in the Hindu Kush, Karakoram and Himalaya(HKH) region. The existing production of cereal crop grains has been reduced to one third of the potential crop grains production owing to land degradation and poor farming practices. It is necessary to assess risk of soil loss and identify appropriate controlling measures to address issues of low agriculture productivity and water insecurity in the region. In the present study, severity of soil loss was predicted using Revised Universal Loss Equation(RUSLE) and ecological measures were identified for sustainable mountain agriculture in the HKH region of Upper Indus Basin, Pakistan. Overall 62.6% area was found to have very low risk of soil loss, i.e., 100 t/(ha·yr) in about 6.8% and 7.4% areas respectively. The mean rate of soil loss was about 41.9 t/(ha·yr) in the Hindu Kush, 31.1 t/(ha·yr) in the Himalayas, 18.8 t/(ha·yr) in the Karakoram and overall 29.7 t/(ha·yr) in the three HKH ranges. As such no considerable measures have been adopted by the communities for restoration of the degraded areas except raising fruit/farm trees and supporting limited social forestry for their livelihoods. The slopes cleared for cultivation and susceptible to erosion may be stabilized through sowing/planting of multi-purpose plant species and formation of proper bench terraces. The conservation of forest ecosystem and pastures at higher elevations would help in reducing overland water flow, risk of flash flood hazard and minimizing sediment loads in the downstream. It is essential to adopt site-specific resource conservation techniques and restore possible ecosystem health for sustainable agriculture and economic developm

关键词： Climate change Erodibility Indus basin Land degradation Slope stabilization

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Kinetics of dense plasma in the field of short laser pulses:A generalized approach

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Matter and Radiation at Extremes 2024年第5期9卷 87-92页

作者： V.A.Astapenko V.S.Lisitsa Moscow Institute of Physics and Technology(national research University) Institutskii per.9141701 DolgoprudnyiRussia national research centre“Kurchatov Institute ”123182 MoscowRussia national research Nuclear University MEPhI 115409 MoscowRussia

A generalized kinetic model of atomic level populations in an optically dense plasma excited by laser pulses of arbitrary duration is formulated and *** model is based on a nonstationary expression for the probability of excitation of an atomic transition and takes into account the effects of laser pulse penetration into an optically dense medium.A universal formula for the excitation probability as a function of time and propagation length is derived and applied to the case of a Lorentzian spectral profile of an atomic transition excited by a laser pulse with a Gaussian *** features of nonstationary excitation probabilities are presented for different optical depths of the plasma,laser pulse durations,and carrier *** formulas derived here will be useful for the description of atomic populations excited by laser pulses under realistic conditions of dense plasmas.

关键词： laser excitation excited

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Phosphoric Acid Pretreatment and Saccharification of Paper Sludge as a Renewable Material for Cellulosic Fibers

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Journal of Renewable Materials 2024年第9期12卷 1573-1591页

作者： Samar El-Mekkawi Wafaa Abou-Elseoud Shaimaa Fadel Enas Hassan Mohammad Hassan Chemical Engineering and Pilot Plant Department National Research CentreDokkiGiza12622Egypt Cellulose and Paper Department National Research CentreDokkiGiza12622Egypt

Recycling of paper sludge waste is crucial for establishing a sustainable green *** waste contains valuable sugars that can be converted into important chemicals such as ethanol,poly hydroxybutyrate,and lactic ***,the main challenge in obtaining sugars in high yield from paper sludge is the high crystallinity of cellulose,which hinders *** address this,pretreatment using phosphoric acid was optimized using response surface methodology to facilitate cellulose hydrolysis with minimal energy and *** created prediction model using the response surface method considered factors such as acid concentration(ranging from 60%to 85%),consistency(ranging from 4%to 10%),temperature(ranging from 25℃to 80℃),and time(ranging from 0.5 to 4 h).The results revealed that the model’s significant factors affecting the yield were acid concentration,reaction time,temperature,and the product of acid concentration and temperature,while the model’s significant factors affecting the crystallinity were the consistency,the temperature,and their *** results showed that the optimum conditions for pretreatment were using an acid concentration of 64%,temperature of 25℃,consistency of 10%,and time of 30 *** hydrolysis of the conditionally pretreated paper sludge resulted in a weight loss of 42%,compared to only 18%weight loss in non-pretreated paper ***,the optimized conditions led to low levels of furfurals and acetic acid,which are undesirable by-products that can interfere with sugar *** total sugar obtained under the optimized conditions was 0.43 g glucose/g sample(10.46 g/L),while the contents of methyl furfural,furfural,and acetic acid were 21.65,235.7,and 4.57 mg/L,*** study demonstrates the potential of phosphoric acid for pretreatment and hydrolysis of paper sludge,enabling efficient saccharification and the production of sugars with minimal undesired by-products.

关键词： Waste valorization fermentable sugars response surface methodology acid hydrolysis cellulose crystallinity

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Unveiling protein corona composition:predicting with resampling embedding and machine learning

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Regenerative Biomaterials 2024年第1期3卷 27-33页

作者： Rong Liao Yan Zhuang Xiangfeng Li Ke Chen Xingming Wang Cong Feng Guangfu Yin Xiangdong Zhu Jiangli Lin Xingdong Zhang College of Biomedical Engineering National Engineering Research Centre for BiomaterialsSichuan UniversityChengdu610065China

Biomaterials with surface nanostructures effectively enhance protein secretion and stimulate tissue *** nanoparticles(NPs)enter the living system,they quickly interact with proteins in the body fluid,forming the protein corona(PC).The accurate prediction of the PC composition is critical for analyzing the osteoinductivity of biomaterials and guiding the reverse design of ***,achieving accurate predictions remains a significant *** several machine learning(ML)models like Random Forest(RF)have been used for PC prediction,they often fail to consider the extreme values in the abundance region of PC absorption and struggle to improve accuracy due to the imbalanced data *** this study,resampling embedding was introduced to resolve the issue of imbalanced distribution in PC *** ML models were evaluated,and RF model was finally used for prediction,and good correlation coefficient(R^(2))and root-mean-square deviation(RMSE)values were *** ablation experiments demonstrated that the proposed method achieved an R^(2) of 0.68,indicating an improvement of approximately 10%,and an RMSE of 0.90,representing a reduction of approximately 10%.Furthermore,through the verification of label-free quantification of four NPs:hydroxyapatite(HA),titanium dioxide(TiO_(2)),silicon dioxide(SiO_(2))and silver(Ag),and we achieved a prediction performance with an R^(2) value>0.70 using Random ***,the feature analysis revealed that the composition of the PC is most significantly influenced by the incubation plasma concentration,PDI and surface modification.

关键词： nanoparticles protein corona machine learming resampling technique feature analysis

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Wood By-Products as UV Protection:A Consequence Review

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Journal of Renewable Materials 2024年第4期12卷 699-720页

作者： Naglaa Salem El‑Sayed Mohamed Hasanin Samir Kamel Cellulose and Paper Department National Research CentreCairo12622Egypt

In recent decades,the ozone layer has suffered considerable damage,increasing the entry of ultraviolet(UV)light into the atmosphere and reaching the earth’s surface,negatively affecting ***,researchers aimed to solve this problem by synthesizing advanced UV-shielding *** the other hand,developing an easy and green strategy to prepare functional materials with outstanding properties based on naturally abundant and environmentally friendly raw materials is highly desirable for sustainable *** biomass-derived materials are sustainable and biodegradable,they present a promising substitute for petroleum-based *** three main structural constituents of the plant biomass-based materials that are naturally available are cellulose,hemicellulose,and *** review details current developments using wood-based products such as cellulose,hemicellulose,and lignin in UV-shielding *** will start with assembling the structure and chemistry of cellulose,hemicellulose,and lignin,followed by their contributions to preparing UV-shielding ***,it will briefly discuss the different processing methods for the design of UV-shielding *** wood by-products offer additional opportunities to use the whole tree harvest.

关键词： UV-shielding wood cellulose lignin hemicellulose sunlight protection

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To open early or late:Decoding the mystery of diurnal floret opening time in rice

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Plant Communications 2024年第5期5卷 91-93页

作者： Jian Che Xu Li Yidan Ouyang national Key Laboratory of Crop genetic Improvement and national Center of Plant gene research(Wuhan) Hubei Hongshan LaboratoryHuazhong Agricultural UniversityWuhan 430070China

DIFFERENTIATED DIURNAL FLORET OPENING TIME PROMOTES PREZYGOTIC REPRODUCTIVE BARRIERS IN PLANTS As one of the most diverse groups within the plant kingdom,flowering plants have achieved tremendous success on earth and have evolved diversified flowering habits as a result of longterm adaptation to changing *** diurnal floret opening time(DFOT),which represents the time at which a flower opens each day,is a key flowering habit characterized by an internal rhythm and regular environmental cycles.

关键词： diurnal flowering earth

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