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Methodology of the Global Adult tobacco survey in China, 2010

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Biomedical and Environmental Sciences 2010年第6期23卷 445-450页

作者： JASON HSIA GONG-HUAN YANG QIANG LI LIN XIAO VAN YANG YAN-WEI WO SAMIRAASMA Office On smoking And Health Centers For Disease Control And Prevention Atlanta Ga USA national tobacco Control Office Chinese Center For Disease Control And Prevention Beijing 100050 China University Of Waterloo Waterloo Ontario Canada World Health Organization Country Office Beijing China

INTRODUCTION The Global Adult tobacco survey （GATS） is a component of Global tobacco Surveillance System （GTSS） under auspices of the Bloomberg philanthropy and the Bill and Melinda Gates Foundation. GATS is a household survey with a standard protocol and its goals are to measure tobacco use, to assess changes due to policy and to facilitate cross country comparison. China is the largest consumer and producer of tobacco in the world. China was selected as one of 14 countries of high burden of tobacco use, large population, and mostly low income, to conduct the GATS.

关键词： GATS Methodology of the Global Adult tobacco survey in China 2010

Population-Based survey of Secondhand Smoke Exposure in China

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Biomedical and Environmental Sciences 2010年第6期23卷 430-436页

作者： LIN XIAO YAN YANG QIANG LI CONG-XIAO WANG GONG-HUAN YANG national tobacco Control Office Chinese Center for Disease Control and PreventionBeijing 100050China

Objective To determine the extent of secondhand smoke exposure in China, and to explore the potential associated factors. Methods This study was a nationally representative household survey examining secondhand smoke exposure of non-institutionalized men and women aged 15 and older using a global standardized geographically clustered sample design. A total of 13 354 people completed the individual questionnaire with questions on gender, age, educational level, residence, profession, potential factors associated with secondhand smoke exposure, and workplace smoking policy. The data were used to determine whole population estimates of secondhand smoke exposure. Results Among non-smokers aged 15 years and older, it was estimated that 72.4% （556 million） were exposed to secondhand smoke, with 52.5% （292 million） exposed to secondhand smoke daily. The prevalence of secondhand smoke exposure was 74.1% for men, 71.6% for women, 70.5% for urban populations, and 74.2% for rural populations. The rates were 67.3%, 63.3%, and 72.7% respectively, within the household, indoor workplaces and public places. Secondhand smoke exposure was significantly reduced in workplaces with a smoking ban but not in workplaces with a partial smoking ban. Conclusion Although China has made some progress toward a smoke-free environment there remains a high degree of exposure to secondhand smoke.

关键词： Secondhand smoke China Workplace

Optimization of Information Interaction Protocols in Cooperative Vehicle-Infrastructure Systems

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Chinese Journal of Electronics 2018年第2期27卷 439-444页

作者： ZHANG Yuzhuo CAO Yuan WEN Yinghong LIANG Liang ZOU Feng School of Electronic and Information Engineering Beijing Jiaotong University Department of Electrochemical Telecom Engineering Design Research The Third Railway Survey and Design Institute Group Corporation

This research investigate the information interaction protocols for Cooperative vehicleinfrastructure systems(CVIS) safety-related services and optimizes them in three aspects. It puts forward a selfadaptive back-off algorithm. This algorithm considers retransmission times and network busy degree to choose a suitable contention window. A mathematical analysis model is developed to verify its performance ***, different scenario models of Vehicle ad hoc network(VANET) are simulated through the network simulation tool and the influences of different access modes on Quality of Service(Qo S) are investigated. The simulation results have verified the improvement of the proposed algorithm is obvious and RTS/CTS access mode can sacrifice slight delay for great improvement of packet lost rate when there are large amount of vehicle nodes.

关键词： Cooperative vehicle-infrastructure systems(CVIS) Information interaction Network simulation

Petrology,Geochemistry,and Sr-Nd-S Isotopic Compositions of the Ore-Hosting Biotite Monzodiorite in the Luanjiahe Gold Deposit,Jiaodong Peninsula,China

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Journal of Earth Science 2021年第1期32卷 51-67页

作者： Xiaofeng Yao Zhizhong Cheng Zezhong Du Zhenshan Pang Yuquan Yang Kun Liu Development and Research Center China Geological SurveyBeijing 100037China Shandong Zhaojin group Yantai 265400China Shandong Land and Mining group Company Jinan 250013China

The Jiaodong Peninsula is one of the most important Au ore provinces in *** is an ongoing debate on the correlation between ore formation and magmatism in this province,because few intrusive rocks exhibit a clear association with ore deposits.A mineralized biotite monzodiorite(BM)stock,with disseminated ore,pervasive phyllic alteration,and no deformation,was found in a borehole in the footwall of the Zhaoping fault within the Luanjiahe Au deposit,which may shed light on this *** biotite monzodiorite contains explosion breccias,miarolitic cavities,skeletal and den-dritic quartz,and late-stage evolved aplite dikes,and the in-situδ34S values of the disseminated pyrite which is associated with Au mineralization are-1.7‰ to 7.3‰(mean=3.5‰),indicative of a magmatic-hydrothermal *** findings,combined with the reported age of 123 Ma,show that the intru-sion has close spatial,temporal,and geochemical relationships with Au mineralization in the *** biotite monzodiorite is metaluminous,high-K calc-alkaline and shoshonitic,with enrichment in light rare earth elements(REEs)and large-ion lithophile elements(LILEs),depletion in high-field-strength elements(HFSEs),and enriched Sr-Nd isotopic *** intrusion may be the product of par-tial melting of enriched lithospheric mantle with a small lower crustal *** hydrous,Au-bearing,enriched mantle source,and the strongly oxidized magma that was generated,created fa-vorable conditions for Au mineralization.

关键词： Jiaodong Peninsula Luanjiahe deposit intrusion-related gold deposit magmatic-hydrothermal transition

Geological conditions and reservoir characteristics of various shales in major shalehosted regions of China

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China Geology 2024年第1期7卷 138-149页

作者： Shu-jing Bao Tian-xu Guo Jin-tao Yin Wei-bin Liu Sheng-jian Wang Hao-han Li Zhi Zhou Shi-zhen Li Xiang-lin Chen The Key Laboratory of Unconventional Petroleum Geology China Geological SurveyMinistry of Natural Resources100083 BeijingChina Oil and Gas survey China Geological Survey100083 BeijingChina Research Institute of Yanchang Petroleum(group)CO.LTD 710076 Xi’anChina

China is home to shales of three facies:Marine shale,continental shale,and marine-continental transitional *** types of shale gas are associated with significantly different formation conditions and major controlling *** study compared the geological characteristics of various shales and analyzed the influences of different parameters on the formation and accumulation of shale *** general,shales in China’s several regions exhibit high total organic carbon(TOC)contents,which lays a sound material basis for shale gas *** strata generally show high degrees of thermal *** contrast,continental shales manifest low degrees of thermal evolution,necessitating focusing on areas with relatively high degrees of thermal evolution in the process of shale gas surveys for these *** shales of the Wufeng and Silurian formations constitute the most favorable shale gas reservoirs since they exhibit the highest porosity among the three types of *** shales are followed by those in the Niutitang and Longtan *** contrast,the shales of the Doushantuo,Yanchang,and Qingshankou formations manifest low ***,the shales of the Wufeng and Longmaxi formations exhibit high brittle mineral *** a low siliceous mineral content,the shales of the Doushantuo Formation feature a high carbonate mineral content,which can increase the shales’brittleness to some *** marine-continental transitional shales,where thin interbeds of tight sandstone with unequal thicknesses are generally found,it is recommended that fracturing combined with drainage of multiple sets of lithologic strata should be employed to enhance their shale gas production.

关键词： Shale gas Marine shale Continental shale Marine-continental transitional shale Neoproterozoic-Cretaceous strata Geological conditions Reservoir characteristics Petroleum geological survey engineering

Numerical investigation on the spewing mechanism of earth pressure balance shield in a high-pressure water-rich sand stratum

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Deep Underground Science and Engineering 2023年第1期2卷 74-87页

作者： Zhiyong Yang Weiqiang Qi Yanjie Ding Yusheng Jiang Xinkang Yang Xing Yang Xiaokang Shao School of Mechanics and Civil Engineering China University of Mining and Technology‐BeijingBeijingChina China Railway First survey and Design Institute group Co. LtdXi'anChina

The spewing of a screw conveyor easily occurs from the earth pressure balance(called EPB)shield in a water-rich sand *** may lead to the collapse of the tunnel face and even serious subsidence of the ground *** understand the spewing mechanism of the shield screw conveyor and explore the critical hydraulic condition of soil spewing in a shield–soil chamber,a simplified theoretical model for the spewing of the screw conveyor was developed based on the equation of groundwater flow in the screw conveyor under turbulent ***,coupling Darcy's law with Brinkman's equation,this model was implemented within the COMSOL Multiphysics *** underground water flow in the shield screw conveyor was simulated so as to obtain its velocity and flow *** simulations show that the water pressure distribution is concentrated in the lower part of the soil chamber after the groundwater enters the soil *** the groundwater enters the screw conveyor,its pressure gradually decreases along the direction of the screw *** the water flow reaches the stratum–shield interface,the flow velocity changes markedly:first increases and concentrates at the entrance of the lower soil chamber,plummets and stabilizes gradually,and increases again at the *** soil chamber and screw conveyor are significantly *** is also found that the soil permeability coefficient can be reduced to k<2.6×10^(−4)cm/s through appropriate soil improvement,which can effectively prevent the occurrence of spewing disasters.

关键词： EPB shield multiphysical coupling permeability coefficient screw conveyor spewing

Novel method for identifying the stages of discharge underwater based on impedance change characteristic

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Plasma Science and Technology 2024年第4期26卷 133-145页

作者：高崇康忠健龚大建张扬王玉芳孙一鸣 Department of New Energy China University of PetroleumQingdao 266580People’s Republic of China Shanghai Ruida Fengzhi Science and Technology Corporation Shanghai 201703People’s Republic of China China national Petroleum group General Research Institute of Engineering and Technology Corporation Beijing 100029People’s Republic of China Oil and Gas Resource survey Center China Geological SurveyBeijing 100083People’s Republic of China

It is difficult to determine the discharge stages in a fixed time of repetitive discharge underwater due to the arc formation process being susceptible to external environmental influences. This paper proposes a novel underwater discharge stage identification method based on the Strong Tracking Filter(STF) and impedance change characteristics. The time-varying equivalent circuit model of the discharge underwater is established based on the plasma theory analysis of the impedance change characteristics and mechanism of the discharge process. The STF is used to reduce the randomness of the impedance of repeated discharges underwater, and then the universal identification resistance data is obtained. Based on the resistance variation characteristics of the discriminating resistance of the pre-breakdown, main, and oscillatory discharge stages, the threshold values for determining the discharge stage are obtained. These include the threshold values for the resistance variation rate(K) and the moment(t).Experimental and error analysis results demonstrate the efficacy of this innovative method in discharge stage determination, with a maximum mean square deviation of Scrless than 1.761.

关键词： discharge underwater discharge stage identification impedance characteristics strong tracking filter

smoking Behavior Among Secondary School Students--China, 2021

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China CDC weekly 2022年第21期4卷 441-447页

作者： Xinying Zeng Xinbo Di Shiwei Liu Huiyu Xie Zida Meng Lin Xiao tobacco Control Office Chinese Center for Disease Control and PreventionBeijingChina

Summary What is already known about this topic?In 2019,China CDC conducted the national Youth tobacco survey among secondary school students,and the prevalence rates of ever,current,and frequent smoking were 17.9%,5.9%,and 1.8%,*** is added by this report?The prevalence rate of cigarette use in males decreased largely from 2019 to 2021 in China,while it increased in 18 provincial-level administrative divisions(PLADs)for *** tobacco control situation remains challenging among vocational senior high school(VSHS)*** geographical disparities existed in cigarette *** are the implications for public health practice?Targeted tobacco control policies aimed at VSHS students are needed,specifically those PLADs with higher smoking ***,close attention should be paid to female smokers.

关键词： smoke cigarette tobacco

A New Discovery of Mineralization as Subseafloor Hydrothermal Replacement in the Duddar Super-Large SEDEX Lead-Zinc Deposit in Pakistan

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Journal of Earth Science 2024年第3期35卷 1075-1078页

作者： Huishan Zhang Yucai Song Jianing Sun Jun Hong Yasir Shaheen Khalil Yanguang Li Haidi Zhang Zhihua Wang MNR Key Laboratory for the Study of Focused Magmatism and Giant Ore Deposits Xi’an Center of Geological SurveyChina Geological SurveyXi’an 710054China Institute of Geology Chinese Academy of Geological SciencesBeijing 100037China Chengdu Center of Geological survey China Geological SurveyChengdu 610081China China Huaye group Co. LtdBeijing 100037China Geological survey of Pakistan Islamabad 44000Pakistan

0 INTRODUCTION Sedimentary exhalative(SEDEX)lead-zinc deposit was traditionally considered as a result of submarine hydrothermal exhalation,including exhalative plume and brine pool models(Izanloo et al.,2022;Spinks et al.,2021;Maghfouri et al.,2020;Sangster,2020,2018;Huang et al.,2019;Rajabi et al.,2015;Goodfellow and Lydon,2007;Large et al.,2005,2001;Peng et al.,2000;Goodfellow et al.,1993;Figures 1a,1b).However,recognition of mineralization as subseafloor hydrothermal replacement in a few SEDEX deposits has challenged the traditional consideration(Magnall et al.,2023,2021,2020a,b;Hayward et al.,2021;Figure 1c).Researchers come to believe that subseafloor replacement rather than submarine exhalation is a dominant process for SEDEX mineralization,but this needs to be examined through more case studies.

关键词： submarine mineralization seafloor