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Latest Progress of the Chinese meteorological satellite Program and Core Data Processing Technologies

Advances in Atmospheric Sciences 2019年第9期36卷 1027-1045页

作者： Peng ZHANG Qifeng LU Xiuqing HU Songyan GU Lei YANG Min MIN Lin CHEN Na XU Ling Sun Wenguang BAI Gang MA Di XIAN Key Laboratory of Radiometric Calibration and Validation for Environmental satellites National Satellite Meteorological CenterChina Meteorological Administration

In this paper,the latest progress,major achievements and future plans of Chinese meteorological satellites and the core data processing techniques are ***,the latest three FengYun(FY)meteorological satellites(FY-2H,FY-3D,and FY-4A)and their primary objectives are introduced Second,the core image navigation techniques and accuracies of the FY meteorological satellites are elaborated,including the latest geostationary(FY-2/4)and polar-orbit(FY-3)***,the radiometric calibration techniques and accuracies of reflective solar bands,thermal infrared bands,and passive microwave bands for FY meteorological satellites are *** also illustrates the latest progress of real-time calibration with the onboard calibration system and validation with different methods,including the vicarious China radiance calibration site calibration,pseudo invariant calibration site calibration,deep convective clouds calibration,and lunar ***,recent progress of meteorological satellite data assimilation applications and quantitative science produce are summarized at *** main progress is in meteorological satellite data assimilation by using microwave and hyper-spectral infrared sensors in global and regional numerical weather prediction ***,the latest progress in radiative transfer,absorption and scattering calculations for satellite remote sensing is summarized,and some important research using a new radiative transfer model are illustrated.

关键词： meteorological satellite geolocation calibration and validation satellite data assimilation radiative transfer model

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Inter-comparison of the Infrared Channels of the meteorological Imager Onboard COMS and Hyperspectral IASI Data

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Advances in Atmospheric Sciences 2015年第7期32卷 979-990页

作者： Dohyeong KIM Myoung-Hwan AHN Minjin CHOI national meteorological satellite center of the Korea meteorological Administration Department of Atmospheric Science and Engineering Ewha Womans University

The successful launch and commissioning of the first geostationary meteorological satellite of Korea has the potential to enhance earth observation capability over the Asia Pacific region. Although the specifications of the payload, the mete- orological imager （MI）, have been verified during both ground and in-orbit tests, there is the possibility of variation and/or degradation of data quality due to many different reasons, such as the accumulation of contaminants, the aging of instrument components, and unexpected external disturbance. Thus, for better utilization of MI data, it is imperative to continuously monitor and maintain the data quality. As a part of such activity, this study presents an inter-calibration, based on the Global space-based Inter-Calibration System （GSICS）, between the MI data and the high quality hyperspectral data from the In- frared Atmospheric Sounding Interferometer （IASI） of the Metop-A satellite. Both sets of data, acquired for three years from April 2011 to March 2014, are processed to prepare the matchup dataset, which is spatially collocated, temporally concurrent, angularly coincident, and spectrally comparable. The results show that the MI data are stable within the specifications and show no significant degradation during the study period. However, the water vapor channel shows a rather large bias value of -0.77 K, with a root-mean-square difference （RMSD） of around 1.1 K, which is thought to be due to the shift in the spectral response function. The shortwave channel shows a maximum RMSD of around 1.39 K, mainly due to the coarse digitization at the lower temperature. The inter-comparison results are re-checked through a sensitivity analysis with different sets of threshold values used for the matchup dataset. Based on this, we confirm that the overall quality of the MI data meets the user requirements and maintains the expected performance, although the water vapor channel requires further investigation.

关键词： meteorological imager inter-comparison instrument long-term stability water vapor channel

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A Two-Moment Bulk Microphysics Coupled with a Mesoscale Model WRF: Model Description and First Results

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Advances in Atmospheric Sciences 2011年第5期28卷 1184-1200页

作者：高文华赵凤生胡志晋冯绚 national satellite meteorological center China Meteorological Administration Beijing 100081 Chinese Academy of meteorological Sciences China Meteorological Administration Beijing 100081

The Chinese Academy of meteorological Sciences （CAMS） two-moment bulk microphysics scheme was adopted in this study to investigate the representation of cloud and precipitation processes under different environmental *** scheme predicts the mixing ratio of water vapor as well as the mixing ratios and number concentrations of cloud droplets,rain,ice,snow,and graupel.A new parameterization approach to simulate heterogeneous droplet activation was developed in this ***,the improved CAMS scheme was coupled with the weather Research and Forecasting model （WRF v3.1）,which made it possible to simulate the microphysics of clouds and precipitation as well as the cloud-aerosol interactions in selected atmospheric *** rain event occurring on 27-28 December 2008 in eastern China was simulated using the CAMS scheme and three sophisticated microphysics schemes in the WRF *** showed that the simulated 36-h accumulated precipitations were generally agreed with observation data,and the CAMS scheme performed well in the southern area of the nested *** radar reflectivity,the averaged precipitation intensity,and the hydrometeor mixing ratios simulated by the CAMS scheme were generally consistent with those from other microphysics *** hydrometeor number concentrations simulated by the CAMS scheme were also close to the experiential values in stratus *** model results suggest that the CAMS scheme performs reasonably well in describing the microphysics of clouds and precipitation in the mesoscale WRF model.

关键词： droplet activation two-moment bulk microphysics WRF coupling

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The Regularized WSM6 Microphysical Scheme and Its Validation in WRF 4D-Var

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Advances in Atmospheric Sciences 2023年第3期40卷 483-500页

作者： Sen YANG Deqin LI Liqiang CHEN Zhiquan LIU Xiang-Yu HUANG Xiao PAN Institute of Atmospheric Environment China Meteorological AdministrationShenyang 100166China national center for Atmospheric Research BoulderCO 80301USA Institute of Urban Meteorology China Meteorological AdministrationBeijing 100089China

A cold cloud assimilation scheme was developed that fully considers the water substances,i.e.,water vapor,cloud water,rain,ice,snow,and graupel,based on the single-moment WSM6 microphysical scheme and four-dimensional variational(4D-Var)data assimilation in the weather Research and Forecasting data assimilation(WRFDA)*** verification of the regularized WSM6 and its tangent linearity model(TLM)and adjoint mode model(ADM)was proven *** groups of single observation and real sounding data assimilation experiments were set up to further verify the correctness of the assimilation *** results showed that the consideration of ice,snow,and graupel in the assimilation system of the 4D-Var,as opposed to their omission in the warm rain Kessler scheme,allowed the water substances to be reasonably updated,further improving the *** it can be further applied in the assimilation of observational data,radar reflectivities,and satellite radiances,the cold cloud assimilation scheme needs additional verification,including using conventional ground and sounding observations in the 4D-Var assimilation system.

关键词： 4D-Var data assimilation linearization numerical weather prediction WSM6

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Predicting the start and maximum amplitude of solar cycle 24 using similar phases and a cycle grouping

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Chinese Journal of Astronomy and Astrophysics 2009年第2期9卷 133-136页

作者： Jia-Long Wang Wei-Guo Zong Gui-Ming Le Hai-Juan Zhao Yun-Qiu Tang Yang Zhang national Astronomical Observatories Chinese Academy of Sciences Beijing 100012 China national center for space weather China Meteorological Administration Beijing 100081 China

We find that the solar cycles 9, 11, and 20 are similar to cycle 23 in their respective descending phases. Using this similarity and the observed data of smoothed monthly mean sunspot numbers （SMSNs） available for the descending phase of cycle 23, we make a date calibration for the average time sequence made of the three descending phases of the three cycles, and predict the start of March or April 2008 for cycle 24. For the three cycles, we also find a linear correlation of the length of the descending phase of a cycle with the difference between the maximum epoch of this cycle and that of its next cycle. Using this relationship along with the known relationship between the rise-time and the maximum amplitude of a slowly rising solar cycle, we predict the maximum SMSN of cycle 24 of 100.2±7.5 to appear during the period from May to October 2012.

关键词： Sun cycle- Sun activity

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Research and Operational Development of Numerical weather Prediction in China

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Journal of meteorological Research 2020年第4期34卷 675-698页

作者： Xueshun SHEN Jianjie WANG Zechun LI Dehui CHEN Jiandong GONG national meteorological center China Meteorological AdministrationBeijing 100081 Numerical weather Prediction center of the China meteorological Administration Beijing 100081 State Key Laboratory of Severe weather Chinese Academy of Meteorological SciencesChina Meteorological AdministrationBeijing 100081

Numerical weather prediction(NWP) is a core technology in weather forecast and disaster mitigation. China’s NWP research and operational applications have been attached great importance by the meteorological *** achievements have been made in the theories, methods, and NWP model development in China, which are of certain international impacts. In this paper, the scientific and technological progress of NWP in China since1949 is summarized. The current status and recent progress of the domestically developed NWP system-GRAPES(Global/Regional Assimilation and Pr Ediction System) are presented. Through independent research and development in the past 10 years, the operational GRAPES system has been established, which includes both regional and global deterministic and ensemble prediction models, with resolutions of 3-10 km for regional and 25-50 km for global forecasts. Major improvements include establishment of a new non-hydrostatic dynamic core, setup of four-dimensional variational data assimilation, and development of associated satellite application. As members of the GRAPES system, prediction models for atmospheric chemistry and air pollution, tropical cyclones, and ocean waves have also been developed and put into operational use. The GRAPES system has been an important milestone in NWP science and technology in China.

关键词： numerical weather prediction(NWP) Global/Regional Assimilation and Pr Ediction System(GRAPES) semi-implicit semi-Lagrangian grid-point model physical process four-dimensional variational assimilation satellite data assimilation

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Preface to the Special Issue on Fengyun meteorological satellites: Data, Application and Assessment

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Advances in Atmospheric Sciences 2021年第8期38卷 1265-1266页

作者： Peng ZHANG Jun YANG Jinsong WANG Xinwen YU Fengyun meteorological satellite Innovation center National Satellite Meteorological CenterChina Meteorological AdministrationBeijing 100081China China meteorological Administration Beijing 100081China

Humans have a more than sixty-year history of observing Earth from space beginning after the launch of the first meteor-ological satellite,Television Infrared Observation satellite(TIROS),in *** observations have transformed the way scientists observe and study Earth(Ackerman et al.,2019).With the progress of satellite data assimilation in the 1990s,modern Numerical weather Prediction(NWP)became deeply tied to global satellite observations(Eyre et al.,1993).Scient-ists expect that meteorological satellites will play a more important role in future Earth Science studies.

关键词： Earth satellite meteorological

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On the Assimilation of satellite Sounder Data in Cloudy Skies in Numerical weather Prediction Models

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Journal of meteorological Research 2016年第2期30卷 169-182页

作者：李俊王培 HAN Hyojin 李金龙郑婧 Cooperative Institute for meteorological satellite Studies University of Wisconsin-Madison Department of Atmospheric & Oceanic Sciences University of Wisconsin-Madison national satellite meteorological center China Meteorological Administration

satellite measurements are an important source of global observations in support of numerical weather prediction（NWP）.The assimilation of satellite radiances under clear skies has greatly improved NWP forecast ***,the application of radiances in cloudy skies remains a significant *** order to better assimilate radiances in cloudy skies,it is very important to detect any clear field-of-view（FOV） accurately and assimilate cloudy radiances *** progress on both clear FOV detection methodologies and cloudy radiance assimilation techniques are reviewed in this *** on approaches being implemented in the operational centers and studied by the satellite data assimilation research community is *** and future directions for satellite sounder radiance assimilation in cloudy skies in NWP models are also discussed.

关键词： satellite sounder data assimilation cloudy region

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Direct assimilation of satellite radiance data in GRAPES variational assimilation system

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Chinese Science Bulletin 2008年第22期53卷 3465-3469页

作者： ZHU GuoFu XUE JiShan ZHANG Hua LIU ZhiQuan ZHUANG ShiYu HUANG LiPing DONG PeiMing State Key Laboratory on Severe weather Center for Numerical Prediction Research Chinese Academy of Meteorological Sciences Beijing 100081 China national satellite meteorological center Beijing 100081 China

Variational method is capable of dealing with observations that have a complicated nonlinear relation with model variables representative of the atmospheric state, and so make it possible to directly assimilate such measured variables as satellite radiance, which have a nonlinear relation with the model variables. Assimilation of any type of observations requires a corresponding observation operator, which establishes a specific mapping from the space of the model state to the space of observation. This paper presents in detail how the direct assimilation of real satellite radiance data is implemented in the GRAPES-3DVar analysis system. It focuses on all the components of the observation operator for direct assimilation of real satellite radiance data, including a spatial interpolation operator that transforms variables from model grid points to observation locations, a physical transformation from model variables to observed elements with different choices of model variables, and a data quality control. Assimilation experiments, using satellite radiances such as NOAA17 AMSU-A and AMSU-B (Advanced Microwave Sounding Unit), are carried out with two different schemes. The results from these experiments can be physically understood and clearly reflect a rational effect of direct assimilation of satellite radiance data in GRAPES-3DVar analysis system.

关键词：数值天气预报天气预测气象分析气候变化

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Toward Earth system modeling with resolved clouds and ocean submesoscales on heterogeneous many-core HPCs

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national Science Review 2023年第6期10卷 153-167页

作者： Shaoqing Zhang Shiming Xu Haohuan Fu Lixin Wu Zhao Liu Yang Gao Chun Zhao Wubing Wan Lingfeng Wan Haitian Lu Chenling Li Yanfei Liu Xiaojing Lv Jiayu Xie Yangyang Yu Jun Gu Xuantong Wang Yan Zhang Chenhui Ning Yunlong Fei Xiuwen Guo Zhaoying Wang Xue Wang Zhenming Wang Binglin Qu Mingkui Li Haoran Zhao Yingjing Jiang Guang Yang Lv Lu Hong Wang Hong An Xin Zhang Yu Zhang Wentao Ma Fujiang Yu Jing Xu Xiaopei Lin Xueshun Shen Key Laboratory of Physical Oceanography Ministry of Education/Institute for Advanced Ocean Study/Frontiers Science Center for Deep Ocean Multispheres and Earth System (DOMES) College of Oceanic and Atmospheric Sciences Ocean University of China Laoshan Laboratory Ministry of Education Key Lab for Earth System Modeling and Department of Earth System Science Tsinghua University national Supercomputing center in Wuxi Frontiers Science center for Deep Ocean Multispheres and Earth System and Key Laboratory of Marine Environment and Ecology Ministry of Education Ocean University of China Deep space Exploration Laboratory/School of Earth and space Sciences University of Science and Technology of China School of Computer Science and Technology University of Science and Technology of China CEAKJ ADPRHexa Inc. national Marine Environmental Forecasting center State Key Laboratory of satellite Ocean Environment Dynamics Second Institute of Oceanography Ministry of Natural Resources Chinese Academy of meteorological Sciences The center of Earth System Modeling and Prediction China Meteorological Administration

With the aid of the newly developed ’Sunway’ heterogeneous-architecture supercomputer,which has world-leading HPC(high-performance computer) capability,a series of high-resolution coupled Earth system models(SW-HRESMs) with up to 5 km of atmosphere and 3 km of ocean have been *** models can meet the needs of multiscale interaction studies with different computational *** we describe the progress of SW-HRESMs development,with an overview of the major advancements made by the international Earth science community in *** also show the preliminary results of SW-HRESMs with regard to capturing major weather-climate extremes in the atmosphere and ocean,stressing the importance of permitted clouds and ocean submesoscale eddies in modeling tropical cyclones and eddy-mean flow interactions,and paving the way for further model development to resolve finer scales with even higher resolution and more realistic ***,in addition to increasing model resolution,the development procedure for a non-hydrostatic cloud and ocean submesoscale resolved ESM is discusse d,laying out the major scientific directions of such a huge modeling advancement.

关键词： high-resolution Earth system models heterogeneous supercomputer cloud and submesoscale resolving weather-climate extremes finer cross-scale interactions

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