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Fusion SST from Infrared and Microwave Measurement of FY-3D meteorological satellite

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Journal of Tropical Meteorology 2024年第1期30卷 89-96页

作者：张淼徐娜陈林 national satellite meteorological center/national center for space weather Beijing 100081 China Innovation center for Fengyun meteorological satellite(FYSIC) Beijing 100081 China Key Laboratory of Radiometric Calibration and Validation for Environmental satellites China Meteorological AdministrationBeijing 100081 China

Sea surface temperature(SST)is one of the important parameters of global ocean and climate research,which can be retrieved by satellite infrared and passive microwave remote sensing *** satellite infrared SST offers high spatial resolution,it is limited by cloud *** the other hand,passive microwave SST provides all-weather observation but suffers from poor spatial resolution and susceptibility to environmental factors such as rainfall,coastal effects,and high wind *** achieve high-precision,comprehensive,and high-resolution SST data,it is essential to fuse infrared and microwave SST *** this study,data from the Fengyun-3D(FY-3D)medium resolution spectral imager II(MERSI-II)SST and microwave imager(MWRI)SST were ***,the accuracy of both MERSIII SST and MWRI SST was verified,and the latter was bilinearly interpolated to match the 5km resolution grid of MERSI *** pretreatment and quality control of MERSI SST and MWRI SST,a Piece-Wise Regression method was employed to correct biases in MWRI ***,SST data were selected based on spatial resolution and accuracy within a 3-day window of the analysis ***,an optimal interpolation method was applied to fuse the FY-3D MERSI-II SST and MWRI *** results demonstrated a significant improvement in spatial coverage compared to MERSI-II SST and MWRI ***,the fusion SST retained true spatial distribution details and exhibited an accuracy of–0.12±0.74℃compared to OSTIA *** study has improved the accuracy of FY satellite fusion SST products in China.

关键词： SST data fusion FY3 infrared microwave

Cloud-Type-Dependent 1DVAR Algorithm for Retrieving Hydrometeors and Precipitation in Tropical Cyclone Nanmadol from GMI Data

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Advances in Atmospheric Sciences 2024年第3期41卷 407-419页

作者： Linjun HAN Fuzhong WENG Hao HU Xiuqing HU School of the Environment China University of Geosciences(Wuhan)Wuhan 430074China Chinese Academy of meteorological Sciences Beijing 100081China CMA Earth System Modeling and Prediction Centre Beijing 100081China Key Laboratory of Radiometric Calibration and Validation for Environmental satellites National Satellite Meteorological Center(National Center for Space Weather)of CMABeijing 100081China

Understanding the structure of tropical cyclone(TC)hydrometeors is crucial for detecting the changes in the distribution and intensity of *** this study,the GMI brightness temperature and cloud-dependent 1DVAR algorithm were used to retrieve the hydrometeor profiles and surface rain rate of TC Nanmadol(2022).The Advanced Radiative Transfer Modeling System(ARMS)was used to calculate the Jacobian and degrees of freedom(△DOF)of cloud water,rainwater,and graupel for different channels of GMI in convective *** retrieval results were compared with the Dual-frequency Precipitation Radar(DPR),GMI 2A,and IMERG *** is shown that from all channels of GMI,rain water has the highest△DOF,at *** to the radiance Jacobian to atmospheric state variables,cloud water emission dominates its *** rain water,the emission of channels 1–4 dominates *** with the GMI 2A precipitation product,the 1DVAR precipitation rate has a higher correlation coefficient(0.713)with the IMERG product and can better reflect the location of TC *** the TC eyewall,the highest radar echo top indicates strong *** the melting layer where Ka-band attenuation is strong,the double frequency difference of DPR data reflects the location of the *** DPR drop size distribution(DSD)product shows that there is a significant increase in particle size below the melting layer in the spiral rain ***,the particle size may be one of the main reasons for the smaller rain water below the melting layer retrieved from 1DVAR.

关键词： cloud-dependent 1DVAR hydrometeor precipitation GMI DPR

Characteristics of Lightning Activity in Southeast China and its Relation to the Atmospheric Background

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Journal of Tropical Meteorology 2024年第1期30卷 76-88页

作者：支树林朱杰刘岩毛梦妮 Jiangxi meteorological Observatory Nanchang 330096 China Key Laboratory of Radiometric Calibration and Validation for Environmental satellites National Satellite Meteorological Center(National Center for Space Weather)China Meteorological AdministrationBeijing 100081 China Shanghai Typhoon Institute China Meteorological AdministrationShanghai 200030 China Innovation center for FengYun meteorological satellite(FYSIC) Beijing 100081 China Key Laboratory of Transportation Meteorology of China meteorological Administration Nanjing Joint Institute for Atmospheric SciencesNanjing 210041 China Key Laboratory of meteorological Disaster(KLME) Ministry of Education&Collaborative Innovation Center on Forecast and Evaluation of Meteorological Disasters(CICFEMD)Nanjing University of Information Science&TechnologyNanjing 210041 China Jiujiang Observatory JiujiangJiangxi 332000 China

Based on the lightning observation data from the Fengyun-4A(FY-4A)Lightning Mapping Imager(FY-4A/LMI)and the Lightning Imaging Sensor(LIS)on the International space Station(ISS),we extract the“event”type data as the lightning detection *** observations are then compared with the cloud-to-ground(CG)lightning observation data from the China meteorological *** study focuses on the characteristics of lightning activity in Southeast China,primarily in Jiangxi Province and its adjacent areas,from April to September,2017–*** addition,with the fifth-generation European Centre for Medium-Range weather Forecasts reanalysis data,we further delved into the potential factors influencing the distribution and variations in lightning activity and their primary related *** findings indicate that the lightning frequency and density of the FY-4A/LMI,ISS-LIS and CG data are higher in southern and central Jiangxi,central Fujian Province,and western and central Guangdong Province,while they tend to be lower in eastern Hunan *** general,the high-value areas of lightning density for the FY-4A/LMI are located in inland mountainous *** lower the latitude is,the higher the CG lightning density ***-value areas of the CG lightning density are more likely to be located in eastern Fujian and southeastern Zhejiang ***,the high-value areas of lightning density for the ISS-LIS are more dispersed,with a scattered distribution in inland mountainous areas and along the coast of eastern ***,the mountainous terrain is closely related to the high-value areas of the lightning *** locations of the high-value areas of the lightning density for the FY-4A/LMI correspond well with those for the CG observations,and the seasonal variations are also *** contrast,the distribution of the high-value areas of the lightning density for the ISS-LIS is more *** positions of the peak frequency of the FY-4A/LMI lightnin

关键词： lightning satellite and ground detections atmospheric background Southeast China

Joint observations of the large-scale ULF wave activity from space to ground associated with the solar wind dynamic pressure enhancement

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Science China(Technological Sciences) 2024年第7期67卷 2215-2229页

作者： SUN XiaoYing HU YunPeng ZHIMA Zeren DUAN SuPing LV FangXian SHEN XuHui national Institute of Natural Hazards Ministry of Emergency ManagementBeijing 100085China School of space and Environment Beihang UniversityBeijing 102206China State Key Laboratory of space weather National Space Science CenterChinese Academy of SciencesBeijing 100190China

This study reports the rare ultralow-frequency(ULF) wave activity associated with the solar wind dynamic pressure enhancement that was successively observed by the GOES-17(Geostationary Operational Environmental satellite) in the magnetosphere, the CSES(China Seismo-Electromagnetic satellite) in the ionosphere, and the THEMIS ground-based observatories(GBO) GAKO and EAGL in the Earth's polar region during the main phase of an intense storm on 4 November 2021. Along with the enhanced-pressure solar wind moving tailward, the geomagnetic field structure experienced a large-scale change. From dawn/dusk sides to midnight, the GAKO, EAGL, and GOES-17 sequentially observed the ULF waves in a frequency range of0.04–0.36 Hz at L shells of ~5.07, 6.29, and 5.67, respectively. CSES also observed the ULF wave event with the same frequency ranges at wide L-shells of 2.52–6.22 in the nightside ionosphere. The analysis results show that the ULF waves at ionospheric altitude were mixed toroidal-poloidal mode waves. Comparing the ULF waves observed in different regions, we infer that the nightside ULF waves were directly or indirectly excited by the solar wind dynamic pressure increase: in the area of L-shells~2.52–6.29, the magnetic field line resonances(FLRs) driven by the solar wind dynamic pressure increase is an essential excitation source;on the other hand, around L~3.29, the ULF waves can also be excited by the outward expansion of the plasmapause owing to the decrease of the magnetospheric convection, and in the region of L-shells ~5.19–6.29, the ULF waves are also likely excited by the ion cyclotron instabilities driven by the solar wind dynamic pressure increase.

关键词： ultralow-frequency(ULF)wave solar wind dynamic pressure(P_(sw)) magnetic field line resonance(FLR) ion cyclotron instability

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Study of factors influencing the occurrence rate of 60 Hz power line radiation in the topside ionosphere:A systematic survey using the CSES satellite

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Science China(Technological Sciences) 2024年第6期67卷 1879-1892页

作者： MA ZhenHui ZHAO ShuFan LIAO Li SHEN XuHui LU HengXin School of Emergency Management Science and Engineering University of Chinese Academy of SciencesBeijing100049China State Key Laboratory of space weather National Space Science CenterChinese Academy of SciencesBeijing100190China Key Laboratory of Solar Activity and space weather National Space Science CenterChinese Academy of SciencesBeijing100190China national Institute of Natural Hazards Ministry of Emergency Management of ChinaBeijing100085China Institute of Geophysics China Earthquake AdministrationBeijing100081China

We analyze the topside ionosphere power line radiation(PLR)at 60 Hz over the US using electric field data collected by CSES satellite between January 2019 and December *** study aimed to further investigate the month-to-month variation characteristic of PLR occurrence rate observed by satellite and its several influencing factors,including solar radiation,lightning activity,and try to clarify the influence of electricity *** results show that the solar radiation(solar zenith angle and F10.7)plays a major role in the variation of the PLR occurrence rate,and that there is no direct connection with the number of *** the relationship between PLR occurrence rate and electricity consumption,the low occurrence rate associated with decreased weekend electricity consumption was not observed in the ***,there is a significant difference in PLR occurrence rate between the East and West Coasts of the US at the same latitude during the same time period,suggesting that the significant difference in PLR occurrence rate is caused by the significant difference in electricity consumption between the two *** excluding the effect of solar radiation on PLR occurrence rate,we concluded that only a significant difference in regional electricity consumption could lead to a corresponding change in PLR occurrence rate detected by the Low-Earth-Orbit ***,we also found there is seasonal variation in the diurnal differences of the PLR occurrence rate caused by seasonal variation of the lower ionosphere.

关键词： CSES satellite power line radiation occurrence rate solar radiation lightning activity electricity consumption

Analysis of the joint detection capability of the SMILE satellite and EISCAT-3D radar

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Earth and Planetary Physics 2024年第1期8卷 299-306页

作者： JiaoJiao Zhang TianRan Sun XiZheng Yu DaLin Li Hang Li JiaQi Guo ZongHua Ding Tao Chen Jian Wu Chi Wang State Key Laboratory of space weather National Space Science CenterChinese Academy of SciencesBeijing 100190China Key Laboratory of Solar Activity and space weather National Space Science CenterChinese Academy of SciencesBeijing 100190China University of Chinese Academy of Sciences Beijing 101408China Key Laboratory of Electronics and Information Technology for space Systems Chinese Academy of SciencesBeijing 100190China China Research Institute of Radio-wave Propagation Qingdao 266075China

The Solar wind Magnetosphere Ionosphere Link Explorer(SMILE)satellite is a small magnetosphere–ionosphere link explorer developed cooperatively between China and *** pioneers the use of X-ray imaging technology to perform large-scale imaging of the Earth’s magnetosheath and polar cusp *** uses a high-precision ultraviolet imager to image the overall configuration of the aurora and monitor changes in the source of solar wind in real time,using in situ detection instruments to improve human understanding of the relationship between solar activity and changes in the Earth’s magnetic *** SMILE satellite is scheduled to launch in *** European Incoherent Scatter Sciences Association(EISCAT)-3D radar is a new generation of European incoherent scatter radar constructed by EISCAT and is the most advanced ground-based ionospheric experimental device in the high-latitude polar *** has multibeam and multidirectional quasi-real-time three-dimensional(3D)imaging capabilities,continuous monitoring and operation capabilities,and multiple-baseline interferometry *** detection by the SMILE satellite and the EISCAT-3D radar is of great significance for revealing the coupling process of the solar wind–magnetosphere–***,we performed an analysis of the joint detection capability of the SMILE satellite and EISCAT-3D,analyzed the period during which the two can perform joint detection,and defined the key scientific problems that can be solved by joint *** addition,we developed Web-based software to search for and visualize the joint detection period of the SMILE satellite and EISCAT-3D radar,which lays the foundation for subsequent joint detection experiments and scientific research.

关键词： Solar wind Magnetosphere Ionosphere Link Explorer(SMILE)satellite European Incoherent Scatter Sciences Association(EISCAT)-3D radar joint detection

Inversion of O_(2) 1.27 μm nightglow emissions: A climatological analysis using satellite Limb-Viewed spectra and Harmonic analysis method

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Earth and Planetary Physics 2024年第4期8卷 632-640页

作者： YiYi Sui YaJun Zhu QiuYu Chen MaoSheng He JiYao Xu State Key Laboratory of space weather National Space Science CenterChinese Academy of SciencesBeijing 100190China University of Chinese Academy of Sciences Beijing 100190China Key Laboratory of Solar Activity and space weather National Space Science CenterChinese Academy of SciencesBeijing 100190China Hainan national Field Science Observation and Research Observatory for space weather National Space Science CenterChinese Academy of SciencesBeijing 100190China

This study employs a linear inversion algorithm to retrieve volume emission rates(VERs)of molecular O_(2) nightglow at 1.27μm,utilizing Limb-Viewed spectra obtained from the SCanning Imaging Absorption spectroMeter for Atmospheric for CHartographY(SCIAMACHY)payload on board the Envisat *** retrieved results are compared with VERs data from the SABER payload on the Thermosphere Ionosphere Mesosphere Energetics and Dynamics(TIMED)satellite,exhibiting *** will help to facilitate accurate revelation of spatial distribution and periodic variation in O_(2) *** are extracted monthly within the altitude range of 75-110 km from 2002 to 2012,yielding a climatology of spatial and temporal *** meridional structure exhibits two maxima,at the equator and at 45°*** August and October,the VERs exhibit a meridional bimodal structure,with the weaker one above the equator and the stronger one above 45°*** April,the VERs reach their annual ***,harmonic analysis reveals significant temporal variations on different *** emission shows characteristics of annual and semi-annual variation,and a non-linear long-term trend associated with solar cycle activity.

关键词： VERs O_(2)1.27μm nightglow SCIAMACHY

The First Global Map of Atmospheric Ammonia(NH_(3)) as Observed by the HIRAS/FY-3D satellite

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Advances in Atmospheric Sciences 2024年第3期41卷 379-390页

作者： Minqiang ZHOU Zhili DENG Charles ROBERT Xingying ZHANG Lu ZHANG Yapeng WANG Chengli QI Pucai WANG Martine De MAZIÈRE Institute of Atmospheric Physics Chinese Academy of SciencesBeijing 100029China Royal Belgian Institute for space Aeronomy(BIRA-IASB) Brussels 1180Belgium national satellite Meteorology center China Meteorological AdministrationBeijing 100081China Department of Science&Technology and Climate Change China Meteorological AdministrationBeijing 100081China University of Chinese Academy of Sciences Beijing 100049China

Atmospheric ammonia(NH_(3)) is a chemically active trace gas that plays an important role in the atmospheric environment and climate change. satellite remote sensing is a powerful technique to monitor NH_(3) concentration based on the absorption lines of NH_(3) in the thermal infrared region. In this study, we establish a retrieval algorithm to derive the NH_(3)column from the Hyperspectral Infrared Atmospheric Sounder(HIRAS) onboard the Chinese Feng Yun(FY)-3D satellite and present the first atmospheric NH_(3) column global map observed by the HIRAS instrument. The HIRAS observations can well capture NH_(3) hotspots around the world, e.g., India, West Africa, and East China, where large NH_(3) emissions exist. The HIRAS NH_(3) columns are also compared to the space-based Infrared Atmospheric Sounding Interferometer(IASI)measurements, and we find that the two instruments observe a consistent NH_(3) global distribution, with correlation coefficient(R) values of 0.28–0.73. Finally, some remaining issues about the HIRAS NH_(3) retrieval are discussed.

关键词： ammonia HIRAS/FY-3D satellite thermal-infrared observation remote sensing optimal estimation method

Scientific objectives and payload configuration of the Chang'E-7 mission

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national Science Review 2024年第2期11卷 285-300页

作者： Chi Wang Yingzhuo Jia Changbin Xue Yangting Lin Jianzhong Liu Xiaohui Fu Lin Xu Yun Huang Yufen Zhao Yigang Xu Rui Gao Yong Wei Yuhua Tang Dengyun Yu Yongliao Zou China Aerospace Science and Technology Corporation State Key Laboratory of space weather National Space Science Center Chinese Academy of Sciences national space Science center Chinese Academy of Sciences Institute of Geology and Geophysics Chinese Academy of Sciences Institute of Geochemistry Chinese Academy of Sciences Shandong Provincial Key Laboratory of Optical Astronomy and Solar-Terrestrial Environment School of Space Science and Physics Institute of Space SciencesShandong University Institute of Drug Discovery Technology Ningbo University State Key Laboratory of Isotope Geochemistry Guangzhou Institute of Geochemistry Chinese Academy of Sciences School of Earth Science and Engineering Sun Yat-sen University Lunar Exploration and space Engineering center

As the cornerstone mission of the fourth phase of the Chinese Lunar Exploration Program, Chang'E-7(CE-7) was officially approved, and implementation started in 2022, including a main probe and a communication relay satellite. The main probe, consisting of an orbiter, a lander, a rover and a mini-flying probe, is scheduled to be launched in 2026. The lander will land on Shackleton crater's illuminated rim near the lunar south pole, along with the rover and mini-flying probe. The relay satellite(named Queqiao-2) will be launched in February 2024 as an independent mission to support relay communication during scientific exploration undertaken by Chang'E-4, the upcoming Chang'E-6 in 2024 and subsequent lunar *** CE-7 mission is mainly aimed at scientific and resource exploration of the lunar south pole. We present CE-7's scientific objectives, the scientific payloads configuration and the main functions for each scientific payload with its key technical specifications.

关键词： Chang’ E-7 scientific objectives scientific payloads