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HOW DOES THE RETAILER MAKE PRICING DECISION WHEN CONSUMERS HAVE JUSTICE REFERENCE PRICE

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Journal of Systems Science and Systems Engineering 2015年第4期24卷 433-449页

作者： Huimin Liu Hui Yu school of economics and Business Administration Chongqing University

A series of studies demonstrate that consumers have fairness judgments about the retailer＇s price which will impact their shopping decisions. Thus, it is necessary for the retailer to take consumers＇ fairness concerns into account when setting his pricing policies. We assume that when the retailer＇s price is lower than a consumer＇s justice reference price, the consumer is likely to sense a positive price unfairness that will lead to increased consumer utility, and when the retailer＇s price is higher than a consumer＇s justice reference price, the consumer is likely to sense a negative price unfairness-that will have a negative effect on consumer utility. According to the information conditions of the consumers＇ justice reference price, the retailer should consider three situations： certain information, random information and partial information. In all situations, we show that the retailer has a unique optimal pricing strategy. Finally, through numerical examples, we find that our distribution-free policies perform almost the same as the results under the distributions that maximize the entropy. Our results reveal that it is important for the retailer to consider consumers＇ fairness concerns, otherwise he may suffer losses when Pc is very small.

关键词： Justice reference price certain information random information partial information,pricing strategy

Modeling mechanism and extension of GM (1,1)

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Journal of Systems Engineering and Electronics 2013年第3期24卷 445-453页

作者： Xinping Xiao Yichen Hu Huan Guo school of Science Wuhan University of Technology school of economics Wuhan University of Technology

Firstly, the research progress of grey model GM （1,1） is summarized, which is divided into three development stages： assimilation, alienation and melting stages. Then, the matrix analysis theory is used to study the modeling mechanism of GM （1,1）, which decomposes the modeling data matrix into raw data transformation matrix, accumulated generating operation matrix and background value selection matrix. The changes of these three matrices are the essential reasons affecting the modeling and the accuracy of GM （1,1）. Finally, the paper proposes a generalization grey model GGM （1,1）, which is a extended form of GM （1,1） and also a unified form of model GM （1,1）, model GM （1,1,α）, stage grey model, hopping grey model, generalized accumulated model, strengthening operator model, weakening operator model and unequal interval model. And the theory and practical significance of the extended model is analyzed.

关键词： GM (1,1) matrix analysis GGM (1,1) model parameter modeling mechanism.

Quantum Wolf Pack Evolutionary Algorithm of Weight Decision-Making Based on Fuzzy Control

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Chinese Journal of Electronics 2022年第4期31卷 635-646页

作者： LU Na MA Long school of economics and Management Xi’an Aeronautical University

In the traditional quantum wolf pack algorithm, the wolf pack distribution is simplified, and the leader wolf is randomly selected. This leads to the problems that the development and exploration ability of the algorithm is weak and the rate of convergence is ***, a quantum wolf pack evolutionary algorithm of weight decision-making based on fuzzy control is proposed in this paper. First, to realize the diversification of wolf pack distribution and the regular selection of the leader wolf, a dual strategy method and sliding mode cross principle are adopted to optimize the selection of the quantum wolf pack initial position and the candidate leader wolf. Second, a new non-linear convergence factor is adopted to improve the leader wolf’s search direction operator to enhance the local search capability of the algorithm. Meanwhile, a weighted decision-making strategy based on fuzzy control and the quantum evolution computation method is used to update the position of the wolf pack and enhance the optimization ability of the algorithm. Then, a functional analysis method is adopted to prove the convergence of the quantum wolf pack algorithm, thus realizing the feasibility of the algorithm’s global convergence. The performance of the quantum wolf pack algorithm of weighted decision-making based on fuzzy control was verified through six standard test functions. The optimization results are compared with the standard wolf pack algorithm and the quantum wolf pack algorithm. Results show that the improved algorithm had a faster rate of convergence, higher convergence precision,and stronger development and exploration ability.

关键词： Weight factor Fuzzy control Wolf pack evolutionary algorithm Quantum evolution computation

Infection Functions for Virus Propagation in Computer Networks:An Empirical Study

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Tsinghua Science and Technology 2009年第5期14卷 669-676页

作者：袁华吴俊杰陈国青 school of economics and Management Tsinghua University school of economics and Management Beihang University

There has been an increasing amount of interest in modeling virus propagation in recent years. However, the group-based infection mechanism of computer viruses is not well understood and the selection of infection function in virus propagation modeling has not been well studied. This paper describes a point-to-group （P2G） infection mode to describe virus propagation in networks with information sharing groups. Simulations compare the constant infection and I-type infection functions with the new E-type infection function in the small-world-network environment. The simulation results show that the E-type infection function shows superior performances to that of the traditional I-type infection function in modeling the P2G virus infection mechanism and the I-type infection function shows better performance in modeling the random infection mechanism.

关键词： computer virus propagation infection mode point-to-group propagation small-world-network

Modelling and control of a grid-connected AC microgrid with the integration of an electric vehicle

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Clean Energy 2023年第4期7卷 707-720页

作者： Youssef Akarne Ahmed Essadki Tamou Nasser Hammadi Laghridat higher national school of Arts and Crafts(ENSAM) Mohammed V UniversityRabatMorocco national High school for Computer Science and Systems Analysis(ENSIAS) Mohammed V UniversityRabatMorocco

The purpose of this paper is to propose an efficient model and a robust control that ensures good power quality for the AC microgrid(MG)connected to the utility grid with the integration of an electric vehicle(EV).The MG consists of two renewable energy sources:a photovoltaic system(PVS)and a wind turbine system(WTS)based on a permanent magnet synchronous generator(PMSG),with the integration of an *** sources are used to supply active and reactive power to the AC bus and the utility *** power point tracking(MPPT)based on the perturb-and-observe(PO)method is used to increase the efficiency of the photovoltaic modules and improve overall *** MG system includes a 2-MW WTS,a 100-kW PVS and 12 kW provided by the *** validate the performance of the proposed system,a series of simulations were conducted using the MATLAB/Simulink?*** results demonstrate that the proposed system ensures high performance in terms of power quality,system stability,power tracking and safe integration of the EV.

关键词： microgrid wind turbine system photovoltaic system electric vehicle grid-to-vehicle vehicle-to-grid control systems

Two-echelon inventory model with service level constraint and controllable lead time sensitive to order quantity

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Journal of Central South university 2013年第11期20卷 3324-3333页

作者：李果关旭刘梦麒单汩源 school of Management and economics Beijing Institute of Technology school of economics and Management Wuhan University school of Business Administration Hunan University

The decision-making and optimization of two-echelon inventory coordination were analyzed with service level constraint and controllable lead time sensitive to order ***,the basic model of this problem was established and based on relevant analysis,the original model could be transformed by minimax ***,the optimal order quantity and production quantity influenced by service level constraint were analyzed and the boundary of optimal order quantity and production quantity was *** to this boundary,the effective method and tactics were put forward to solve the transformed *** case analysis,the optimal expected total cost of two-echelon inventory can be obtained and it was analyzed how service level constraint and safety factor influence the optimal expected total cost of two-echelon *** results show that the optimal expected total cost of two-echelon inventory is constrained by the higher constraint between service level constraint and safety factor.

关键词： service level constraint safety factor controllable lead time sensitivity to order quantity two-echelon

Electrochemical behavior of Nd in its pyrometallurgical recovery from waste magnet

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Rare Metals 2015年第2期34卷 111-117页

作者： Hong-Youl Ryu Jong-Hyeon Lee Wan-Gou Kim Hayk H.Nersisyan Go-Gi Lee Sung-Koo Jo Huk-Hee Lee Il-Soon Hwang Graduate school of Green Energy Technology Chungnam National University Department of Nano Materials Engineering Chungnam National University Rapidly Solidified Materials research Institute Chungnam National University research Institute of Industrial Science and Technology Korea research Institute of Chemical Technology school of Energy Systems Engineering Seoul National University

High-purity Nd metal was recovered from waste Nd–Fe–B magnet by the molten salt electrowinning process with chemical pretreatment. X-ray diffraction（XRD）, scanning electron microscopy（SEM）, energy dispersive spectroscopy（EDS）, cyclic voltammetry（CV）,chronopotentiometry（CP）, and inductively coupled plasma-atomic emission spectrometer（ICP/AES） were used to characterize the deposit and electrochemical behaviors. The results show that NdF_3 is effectively synthesized from the Nd–Fe–B magnet using HCl solution and NH4F. During the chemical treatment of the waste magnet,iron impurity is eliminated as a soluble [NH4]3[FeF6]complex. Electrowinning using NdF_3 in LiF molten salt shows that Nd metal is deposited from the electrolyte onthe cathode at the reduction potentials ranging from-1.48to-1.35 V（vs. W） with the concentration change of NdF_*** final purity of Nd metal deposit is higher than99.78 %.

关键词： Electrowinning Neodymium Nd-Fe-Bmagnet Rare earth recycling

ICT Transformation in Chinese Tobacco Industry: Case Studies

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Tsinghua Science and Technology 2005年第z1期10卷 830-835页

作者： ZHU Yan Hochstein Axel research Center for Contemporary Management School of Economics and ManagementTsinghua University Beijing 100084 China Research Center for Contemporary Management School of Economics and ManagementTsinghua University Beijing 100084 China

This paper is based on four in-depth case studies on the information and communication technology (ICT) evolution of Chinese tobacco companies. The ICT transformation processes of these companies are introduced briefly. A strategic grid model was used, which shows that depending on a company's strategic grid cell, different behavior patterns can be observed, in terms of Nolan's stage model. The analysis shows that companies allocated in the "turnaround" and "strategic" cell do not behave accordingly to Nolan's stage model. A few years after China first application for a World Trade Organization (WTO) membership renewal in 1986, observed companies skipped some of Nolan's stages to achieve an accelerated ICT transformation. Therefore, a fast transformation of ICT plays a major role for Chinese tobacco companies to face the challenges entailed by an open door policy and the WTO entry. This conclusion is limited to companies that are allocated either in the "transformation" cell or the "strategic" cell.

关键词： information and communication technology (ICT) transformation Nolan's stage hypothesis strategic grid tobacco industry

Pricing and Ordering Strategies of E-Retailers in Electronic Business Environments

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Tsinghua Science and Technology 2005年第z1期10卷 778-789页

作者： XIE Ming CHEN Jian research Center for Contemporary Management School of Economics and ManagementTsinghua University Beijing 100084 China Research Center for Contemporary Management School of Economics and ManagementTsinghua University Beijing 100084 China

It is becoming increasingly evident that in the future the Internet will host large numbers of software agents that aid or even act on behalf of companies and consumers to make decisions and carry out transactions. In this paper, we develop different pricing and ordering strategies with limited information requirements for e-retailers under the electronic business environment, and study the dynamics and performance of these strategies through multi-agent simulation. The results not only reproduce some phenomena in former literature, such as the "tacit collusion" and the cyclical price wars,but also generate new findings, for example, the "tacit collusion" does not always exist among hill-climbing e-retailers, and the cyclical price wars will be suppressed when e-retailers consider their competitors'strategies. The results show that in electronic business environments, to test different strategies and evaluate their performance by simulation before they are employed into practice is of great importance.

关键词： pricing strategy ordering strategy agent-based simulation electronic business