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Differential effects of two dominant plant species on community structure and invasibility in an old-field ecosystem

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Journal of Plant Ecology 2011年第3期4卷 123-131页

作者： Lara Souza Jake F.Weltzin Nathan J.Sanders Department of Ecology and Evolutionary Biology University of Tennessee1416 Circle DriveKnoxvilleTN 37996USA USA national phenology network National Coordinating Office1955 East 6th StreetTucsonAZ 85719USA

Aims In this study,we examined the effects of Solidago altissima(hereafter Solidago)and two species in the genus Verbesina,Verbesina virginica and Verbesina occidentalis(hereafter Verbesina),on the structure of an old-field plant community and establishment by an invasive plant species,Lespedeza cuneata(hereafter Lespedeza).Methods We removed Solidago,Verbesina and both Solidago and Verbesina from 4m^(-2)plots in an intact old-field community during two growing *** then quantified the effects of these removals on richness,evenness,diversity and composition of the subdominant plant *** also measured the total aboveground biomass and the aboveground biomass of the subdominant *** assess how these removals affected establishment by Lespedeza,we planted 20 seeds in each plot and tracked seedling emergence and survival for one growing *** Findings Subdominant community evenness and Shannon diversity were higher in plots from which Solidago and Verbesina were removed relative to control ***,there were no effects of dominant species removal on species richness or composition of the subdominant *** aboveground biomass was not affected by dominant species removal,suggesting that the community of subdominant species exhibited *** fact,subdominant community biomass was greater when Solidago,but not Verbesina,was *** availability was also greater in plots where Solidago was removed relative to control plots throughout the growing *** addition,removal of dominant species,in particular Solidago,indirectly reduced the emergence,but not survival,of Lespedeza seedlings by directly promoting subdominant community *** together,our results suggest that dominant old-field plant species affect subdominant community structure and indirectly promote establishment by Lespedeza.

关键词： compensation establishment invasive Lespedeza cuneata Solidago Verbesina

Steel Surface Defect Recognition in Smart Manufacturing Using Deep Ensemble Transfer Learning-Based Techniques

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Computer Modeling in Engineering & Sciences 2025年第1期142卷 231-250页

作者： Tajmal Hussain Jongwon Seok Department of Information and Communication Engineering Changwon National UniversityChangwon51140Republic of Korea

Smart manufacturing and Industry 4.0 are transforming traditional manufacturing processes by utilizing innovative technologies such as the artificial intelligence(AI)and internet of things(IoT)to enhance efficiency,reduce costs,and ensure product *** light of the recent advancement of Industry 4.0,identifying defects has become important for ensuring the quality of products during the manufacturing *** this research,we present an ensemble methodology for accurately classifying hot rolled steel surface defects by combining the strengths of four pre-trained convolutional neural network(CNN)architectures:VGG16,VGG19,Xception,and Mobile-Net V2,compensating for their individual *** evaluated our methodology on the Xsteel surface defect dataset(XSDD),which comprises seven different *** ensemble methodology integrated the predictions of individual models through two methods:model averaging and weighted *** evaluation showed that the model averaging ensemble achieved an accuracy of 98.89%,a recall of 98.92%,a precision of 99.05%,and an F1-score of 98.97%,while the weighted averaging ensemble reached an accuracy of 99.72%,a recall of 99.74%,a precision of 99.67%,and an F1-score of 99.70%.The proposed weighted averaging ensemble model outperformed the model averaging method and the individual models in detecting defects in terms of accuracy,recall,precision,and *** analysis with recent studies also showed the superior performance of our methodology.

关键词： Smart manufacturing CNN steel defects ensemble models

Olfactory receptors in neural regeneration in the central nervous system

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Neural Regeneration Research 2025年第9期20卷 2480-2494页

作者： Rafael Franco Claudia Garrigós Toni Capó Joan Serrano-Marín Rafael Rivas-Santisteban Jaume Lillo Molecular Neurobiology Laboratory Department of Biochemistry and Molecular BiomedicineFacultat de BiologiaUniversitat de BarcelonaBarcelonaSpain CiberNed network Center for Biomedical Research in Neurodegenerative Diseases Spanish National Health Institute Carlos ⅢMadridSpain School of Chemistry Universitat de BarcelonaBarcelonaSpain Department of Biochemistry and Physiology School of Pharmacy and Food SciencesUniversitat de BarcelonaBarcelonaSpain Laboratory of Computational Medicine Biostatistics UnitFaculty of MedicineAutonomous University of BarcelonaCampus BellaterraBarcelonaSpain

Olfactory receptors are crucial for detecting odors and play a vital role in our sense of smell,influencing behaviors from food choices to emotional *** receptors also contribute to our perception of flavor and have potential applications in medical diagnostics and environmental *** ability of the olfactory system to regenerate its sensory neurons provides a unique model to study neural regeneration,a phenomenon largely absent in the central nervous *** gained from how olfactory neurons continuously replace themselves and reestablish functional connections can provide strategies to promote similar regenerative processes in the central nervous system,where damage often results in permanent *** the molecular and cellular mechanisms underpinning olfactory neuron regeneration could pave the way for developing therapeutic approaches to treat spinal co rd injuries and neurodegenerative diseases like Alzheimer's *** ctory receptors are found in almost any cell of eve ry orga n/tissue of the mammalian *** ectopic expression provides insights into the chemical structures that can activate olfactory *** addition to odors,olfactory receptors in ectopic expression may respond to endogenous compounds and molecules produced by mucosal colonizing *** analysis of the function of olfactory receptors in ectopic expression provides valuable information on the signaling pathway engaged upon receptor activation and the receptor's role in proliferation and cell differentiation *** review explo res the ectopic expression of olfa ctory receptors and the role they may play in neural regeneration within the central nervous system,with particular attention to compounds that can activate these receptors to initiate regenerative *** suggests that olfactory receptors could serve as potential therapeutic targets for enhancing neural repair and recovery following central nervous syste

关键词： adenosine receptors adrenergic receptors ectopic expression G proteincoupled receptors glia neurons

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An area based physical layer authentication framework to detect spoofing attacks

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Science China(Information Sciences) 2020年第12期63卷 197-210页

作者： Na LI Shida XIA Xiaofeng TAO Zhiyuan ZHANG Xiaohui WANG national Engineering Laboratory for Mobile network Technologies Beijing University of Posts and Telecommunications

In this paper, we propose an area-oriented authentication framework, which aims to provide a light-weight first authentication by reducing the complexity in acquiring and maintaining many different reference vectors as in the traditional one-by-one authentication framework. Under the proposed framework,we first derive the missing detection probability and the false alarm probability, respectively. Then we quantitatively evaluate the average risks that a spoofer is successfully detected or a legitimate user is falsely alarmed, at any position in a certain area. And correspondingly three kinds of areas are defined as the clear area where the spoofers prefer not to attack, the danger area where the spoofers have pretty high probabilities to attack successfully, and the warning area where the legitimate users are much likely to be falsely reported as attackers. These results depict the security situation distribution of a region, and provide useful insights for network operators to take proper following strategies. Finally, simulations are given to verify our analytical derivations and show the impacts of system parameters.

关键词： physical layer authentication light weight authentication security situation distribution spoofing area authentication

Mining KPI correlations for non-parametric anomaly diagnosis in wireless networks

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Science China(Information Sciences) 2023年第6期66卷 155-169页

作者： Tengfei SUI Xiaofeng TAO Huici WU Xuefei ZHANG Jin XU Guoshun NAN national Engineering Laboratory for Mobile network Technologies Beijing University of Posts and Telecommunications

The increase in mobile data traffic has imposed unprecedented pressure on wireless network management. KPI-based anomaly diagnosis can alleviate such pressure by automatically identifying the cause of abnormalities in the traffic and providing end-to-end monitoring and optimization. Previous approaches mainly focus on finding a subset of anomaly-inducing KPIs on the basis of supervised learning *** studies have two possible limitations:(1)the inherent correlations between KPIs that are proven to be effective for the anomaly diagnosis, are still largely underexplored;(2)machine learning models heavily rely on human annotations, which are expensive and labor-intensive. Therefore, we propose random matrix theorybased KPI identification(RKI), a novel method that automatically mines rich interactions between KPIs for anomaly diagnosis without using any learnable parameters or human annotations. Specifically, RKI diagnoses the abnormal KPIs in two steps. First, we build a matrix for anomaly KPI detection to mine the spectrum of its covariances. Second, another new matrix is reconstructed to calculate the correlation difference. By doing so, the anomaly KPIs that have larger correlation difference scores can be efficiently identified in the wireless traffic without any trainable parameters. In extensive experiments on a public dataset, RKI yields a 6.5%higher true diagnostic rate and 11.36% lower false alarming rate than the statistical model, demonstrating its effectiveness. A 100× larger scale synthetic dataset also demonstrates the capabilities of RKI to explore massive data traffic under real-word scenarios. Finally, we discuss RKI’s potential applications of our method in future 6G wireless networks.

关键词： random matrix theory spectral distribution anomaly diagnosis data analysis wireless networks

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Differential game-based analysis of multi-attacker multi-defender interaction

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Science China(Information Sciences) 2021年第12期64卷 202-214页

作者： Qiuyue GAO Huici WU Yunfei ZHANG Xiaofeng TAO national Engineering Laboratory for Mobile network Technologies Beijing University of Posts and Telecommunications

Due to the increasing number of wireless terminals and progressively extensive interconnections among them, interaction between the attack group and defense group is becoming a dominant security manifestation in future wireless networks. This paper focuses on the modeling and analysis of multi-attacker to multi-defender interaction. First, considering the continuous interaction between the attack group and defense group in real-time, a differential game-based multi-attacker to multi-defender interaction model is explicated with paralysis threshold introduced to reduce the ping-pong effect in paralysis. Optimal control theory is then introduced to obtain the equilibrium strategy with Hamilton best control method and a proposed optimal strategy selection algorithm for multi-attacker to multi-defender interaction. Finally, simulations are provided to demonstrate the evolutionary trajectory of optimal attack and defensive strategies and the relationship between the paralysis threshold and the group strength evolution results. Numerical results show the attackers and defenders are aggressive to strengthen their groups initially and then gradually decrease their strength to obtain ideal cost-effectiveness ratios. Moreover, increasing the defense paralysis threshold within a certain range will be more conducive to improving the defense effectiveness.

关键词： differential game multi-attacker to multi-defender interaction optimal control theory Hamilton function equilibrium strategy

XAS:Cross-API scripting attacks in social ecosystems

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Science China(Information Sciences) 2015年第1期58卷 42-55页

作者： ZHANG YuQing LIU QiXu LUO QiHan WANG XiaLi national Computer network Intrusion Protection Center University of Chinese Academy of Sciences

With the rapid development of online social networks, various Web application programming interfaces(APIs) on social platforms are released to share profitable social data with all kinds of third-party online services. However, it also brings new risks to social networks once Web APIs are insecurely designed,implemented, and invoked. The focused topic in this paper is security analysis of a new type of cross-site scripting(XSS) which is based on Web APIs in new complicated social ecosystems which consist of social networks,third-party apps, and other online services. In this paper, we refer to Web API-based XSS as cross-API scripting(XAS). For the first time, we take typical XAS attacks in diversified context as cases to demonstrate the new exploiting opportunities and threats in social ecosystems. Also, we design a tool to identify the design and implementation flaws of Web APIs in 11 popular social networks. We discover several security flaws of API via our experiment. According to the results, we conclude causes of XAS flaws in depth. We also examined 143Web-based apps and verified the prevalence of XAS flaws. Finally, we proposed preliminary measures both in social networks and third-party applications to alleviate XAS.

关键词： Web security social network Web APIs cross-API scripting cross-site scripting

Storage and computing resource enabled joint virtual resource allocation with Qo S guarantee in mobile networks

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Science China(Information Sciences) 2017年第4期60卷 49-59页

作者： Xiaodong XU Jiaxiang LIU Wenwan CHEN Yanzhao HOU Xiaofeng TAO national Engineering Laboratory for Mobile network Technologies Beijing University of Posts and Telecommunications

Virtualization is the trend for the future mobile networks. With the advantage of virtualization,we can abstract the physical mobile network into the virtual network function(VNF) and design the network without the details. In this paper, we focus on the virtualization of the physical resources so that the resource allocation scheme considers not only the time-varying characteristic of wireless channels but also the amount of storage and computing resources. Virtual resources are composed of radio, storage and computing resources based on the virtualization technology. Since the cloud radio access network(C-RAN) is a successful paradigm to introduce computing resources into mobile networks, we investigate the virtual resource allocation scheme in the C-RAN architecture. With the content caching technology, we introduce the storage resources into joint resource allocation scheme further. In order to evaluate the performance of proposed scheme, we choose the effective capacity as the metric to include the influence of service latency. The purpose of the optimization problem is maximizing the system effective capacity with constraints of radio, storage and computing *** is simplified and converted into a convex problem solved by the subgradient method. Simulation results are provided to demonstrate performance gain of the effective capacity based joint resource allocation scheme.

关键词： virtualization resource allocation cache computing resource effective capacity C-RAN

Secure polar coding for a joint source-channel model

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Science China(Information Sciences) 2021年第11期64卷 187-206页

作者： Haowei WANG Xiaofeng TAO Huici WU Na LI Jin XU national Engineering Laboratory for Mobile network Technologies Beijing University of Posts and Telecommunications

This paper investigates a joint source-channel model where Alice, Bob, and Eve, observe components of a discrete memoryless source and communicate over a discrete memoryless wiretap channel which is independent of the source. Alice and Bob wish to agree upon a secret key and simultaneously communicate a secret message, both of which are required to be kept concealed from Eve. An achievable tradeoff region between the secret-key and secret-message rates has been established in the literature. In this paper, we propose an explicit polar coding scheme that achieves the tradeoff region for general sources and channels under the strong secrecy criterion. The encoding scheme is constructed based on a nontrivial combination of(1) encoding scheme for secret-key generation using correlated sources,(2) utilizing the generated key as a one-time pad to encrypt the secret message partially, and(3) a modified form of wiretap channel encoding scheme that incorporates the structure of superposition coding.

关键词： polar codes joint source-channel model correlated sources secret-key generation wiretap channel