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Recent insights on iron based nanostructured electrocatalyst and current status of proton exchange membrane fuel cell for sustainable transport

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Journal of Energy Chemistry 2022年第6期31卷 466-489,I0013页

作者： Mohamedazeem M.Mohideen Adiyodi Veettil Radhamani Seeram Ramakrishna Yen Wei Yong Liu Beijing Key laboratory of Advanced Functional Polymer Composites College of Materials Science and EngineeringBeijing University of Chemical TechnologyBeijing 100029China Department of Physics and Nanotechnology SRM Institute of Science and TechnologyKattankulathur 603203India Center for Nanofibers and Nanotechnology National University of SingaporeSingapore 1157Singapore Department of Chemistry Key Lab of Bioorganic Phosphorus Chemistry&Chemical BiologyTsinghua UniversityBeijing 100084China

Bridging the performance gap of the electrocatalyst between the rotating disk electrode(RDE) and membrane electrode assembly(MEA) level testing is the key to reducing the total cost of proton exchange membrane fuel cell(PEMFC) vehicles. Presently, platinum metal accounts for ~42% of the total cost of the PEMFC vehicles for usage in the cathode catalyst layer, where the sluggish oxygen reduction reaction(ORR) occurs. An alternative to the platinum catalyst, the Fe-N-C catalyst has attracted considerable interest for PEMFC due to its cost-effectiveness and high catalytic activity towards ORR. However, the excellent ORR activity of Fe-N-C obtained from RDE studies rarely translates the same performance into MEA operating conditions. Such a performance gap is mainly attributed to the lack of atomic-level understanding of Fe-N-C active sites and their ORR mechanism. Besides, unless the cost of expensive electrocatalyst is reduced, the total operation cost of the PEMFC vehicles remains constant. Therefore,developing highly efficient Fe-N-C catalysts from academic and industrial perspectives is critical for commercializing PEMFC vehicles. Here, the scope of the review is three-fold. First, we discussed the atomiclevel insights of Fe-N-C active sites and ORR mechanism, followed by unraveling the different iron-based nanostructured ORR electrocatalysts, including oxide, carbide, nitride, phosphide, sulfide, and singleatom catalysts. And then we bridged their ORR catalytic performance gap between the RDE and MEA tests for real operating conditions of PEMFC vehicles. Second, we focused on bridging the cost barriers of PEMFC vehicles between capital, operation, and end-user. Finally, we provided the path to achieve sustainable development goals by commercializing PEMFC vehicles for a better world.

关键词： Proton exchange membrane fuel cell(PEMFC) Active sites Iron-based nanostructure Sustainable development goals

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Immunohistochemical analysis of PD-L1 and tumor-infiltrating immune cells expression in the tumor microenvironment of primary signet ring cell carcinoma of the prostate

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Asian Journal of Andrology 2022年第5期24卷 525-532页

作者： Qi-Liang Teng Xin-Rui Yang Shuang Wen Zhi-Hong Dai Hong-Long Wang Tian-Qing Liu Liang Wang Bo Fan Zhi-Yu Liu Department of Urology Second Affiliated Hospital of Dalian Medical UniversityDalian 116023China Department of Clinical Imaging Second Affiliated Hospital of Dalian Medical UniversityDalian 116023China Department of pathology Dalian Friendship HospitalDalian 116001China

Primary signet ring cell carcinoma(SRCC)of the prostate is a rare ***,its potential tumorigenic mechanism,clinicopathological features,and prognostic outcome have not been systematically *** determine the pathogenic mechanism,we detected distributions of programmed cell death-ligand 1(PD-L1),programmed death 1(PD-1),and cellular components in the tumor microenvironment,including tumor-infiltrating lymphocytes(CD4 and CD8),tumor-associated macrophages(TAMs;CD163 and CD68),and tumor-associated fibroblasts(vimentin and alpha-smooth muscle actin[α-SMA]),in tumor tissues from four patients with primary prostatic SRCC compared with corresponding adjacent tissues and tumor tissues from 30 patients with prostate adenocarcinoma(PCa)by immunohistochemical *** found higher expression of PD-L1,CD163,and CD68 in primary SRCC specimens than that in both corresponding adjacent nontumor specimens and PCa specimens with different Gleason scores,indicating that TAMs may participate in the malignant biological behavior of primary SRCC of the *** further analysis,we searched electronic journal databases and Surveillance,Epidemiology,and End Results(SEER)to identify 200 eligible patients including our four *** to Kaplan–Meier survival curve analysis,patients<68 years old,with radical prostatectomy(RP),Gleason score of 7–8,and lower clinical stage had longer overall survival(OS).Moreover,Cox multivariate analysis indicated that race(hazard ratio[HR]=1.422),surgical approach(HR=1.654),and Gleason score(HR=2.162)were independent prognostic factors for ***,primary SRCC of the prostate represents a distinct and aggressive subtype of prostate cancer associated with a higher distribution of PD-L1 and TAMs,which warrants further clinical investigation.

关键词： clinical features immunohistochemistry infiltrating immune cells primary signet ring cell carcinoma of the prostate tumor microenvironment

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Dependence-Induced Risk: Security Metrics and Their Measurement Framework

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China Communications 2016年第11期13卷 119-128页

作者： Liqiang Zhang Fei Yan Bo Zhao Shouhuai Xu Computer School Wuhan University Key lab of Aerospace Information Security and Trusted Computing Wuhan University State Key lab of Software Engineering Wuhan University Department of Computer Science University of Texas at San Antonio

Despite the tremendous effort made by industry and academia,we are still searching for metrics that can characterize Cyberspace and system security risks. In this paper,we study the class of security risks that are inherent to the dependence structure in software with vulnerabilities and exhibit a "cascading" effect. We present a measurement framework for evaluating these metrics,and report a preliminary case study on evaluating the dependence-induced security risks in the Apache HTTP Server. The experiment results show that our framework can not only clearly analyze the root cause of the security risks but also quantitatively evaluate the attack consequence of the risks.

关键词： Cyberspace security security metrics exploitability surface attack conse quence risk assessment

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A Special Additive Enables All Cations and Anions Passivation for Stable Perovskite Solar Cells with Efficiency over 23%

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Nano-Micro Letters 2021年第11期13卷 142-154页

作者： Wenjing Zhao Jie Xu Kun He Yuan Cai Yu Han Shaomin Yang Sheng Zhan Dapeng Wang Zhike Liu Shengzhong Liu Key laboratory of Applied Surface and Colloid Chemistry Ministry of EducationShaanxi Key Laboratory for Advanced Energy DevicesShaanxi Engineering Lab for Advanced Energy TechnologySchool of Materials Science&EngineeringShaanxi Normal UniversityXi’an 710119People’s Republic of China Dalian national laboratory for Clean Energy iChEMDalian Institute of Chemical PhysicsChinese Academy of SciencesDalian 116023People’s Republic of China

Passivating undercoordinated ions is an effective way to reduce the defect densities at the surface and grain boundaries(GBs)of perovskite materials for enhanced photovoltaic performance and stability of perovskite solar cells(PSCs).Here,(BBF)complex is chosen as a multifunctional additive,which contains both C7H9N and BF3 groups working as Lewis base and Lewis acid,respectively,can bond with Pb^(2+)/I^(−) and FA+on the surface and in the GBs in the perovskite film,affording passivation of both cation and anion *** synergistic effect of the C7H9N and BF3 complex slows the crystallization during the perovskite film deposition to improve the crystalline quality,which reduces the trap density and the recombination in the perovskite film to suppress nonradiative recombination loss and minimizes moisture permeation to improve the stability of the perovskite ***,such an additive improves the energy-level alignment between the valence band of the perovskite and the highest occupied molecular orbital of the hole-transporting material,***,our work achieves power conversion efficiency of 23.24%,accompanied by enhanced stability under ambient conditions and light illumination and opens a new avenue for improving the performance of PSCs through the use of a multifunctional complex.

关键词： Additives Simultaneous passivation Combined effects High efficiency Perovskite solar cells

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The dark side of browning

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Protein & Cell 2018年第2期9卷 152-163页

作者： Kirstin A. Tamucci Maria Namwanje Lihong Fan Li Qiang Institute of Human Nutrition College of Physicians and Surgeons Columbia University New York NY 10032 USA Department of pathology and Cell Biology Naomi Berrie Diabetes Center College of Physicians and Surgeons Columbia University New York NY 10032 USA

The induction of brown-like adipocyte development in white adipose tissue （WAT） confers numerous metabolic benefits by decreasing adiposity and increasing energy expenditure. Therefore, WAT browning has gained considerable attention for its potential to reverse obesity and its associated co-morbidities. However, this perspective has been tainted by recent studies identifying the detrimental effects of inducing WAT browning. This review aims to highlight the adverse outcomes of both overactive and underactive browning activity, the harmful side effects of browning agents, as well as the molecular brake-switch system that has been proposed to regulate this process. Developing novel strategies that both sustain the metabolic improvements of WAT browning and attenuate the related adverse side effects is therefore essential for unlocking the therapeutic potential of browning agents in the treatment of meta- bolic diseases.

关键词： adipocyte browning beige adipocyte thermogenesis obesity diabetes

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Editing of an effector gene promoter sequence impacts plant-Phytophthora interaction

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Journal of Integrative Plant Biology 2020年第3期62卷 378-392页

作者： Sylvans Ochola Jie Huang Haider Ali Haidong Shu Danyu Shen Min Qiu Liyuan Wang Xi Li Han Chen Alex Kange Dinah Qutob Suomeng Dong Department of Plant pathology Nanjing Agricultural UniversityNanjing 210095China Key laboratory of Integrated Management of Crop Diseases and Pests(Ministry of Education) Nanjing 210095China Department of Math and Science Walsh UniversityNorth CantonOH 44720USA

Pathogen avirulence(Avr) effectors interplay with corresponding plant resistance(R) proteins and activate robust plant immune responses. Although the expression pattern of Avr genes has been tied to their functions for a long time, it is still not clear how Avr gene expression patterns impact plant-microbe interactions. Here, we selected Ps Avr3b, which shows a typical effector gene expression pattern from a soybean root pathogen Phytophthora sojae. To modulate gene expression, we engineered Ps Avr3b promoter sequences by in situ substitution with promoter sequences from Actin(constitutive expression), Ps XEG1(early expression), and Ps NLP1(later expression) using the CRISPR/Cas9. Ps Avr3b driven by different promoters resulted in distinct expression levels across all R the tested infection time points. Importantly, those mutants with low Ps Avr3b expression successfully colonized soybean plants carrying the cognate R gene Rps3b. To dissect the difference in plant responses to the Ps Avr3b expression level, we conducted RNA-sequencing of different infection samples at 24 h postinfection and found soybean immune genes,including a few previously unknown genes that are associated with resistance. Our study highlights that fine-tuning in Avr gene expression impacts the compatibility of plant disease and provides clues to improve crop resistance in disease control management.

关键词： CRISPR/Cas9 infection soybean

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A humidity resistant and high performance triboelectric nanogenerator enabled by vortex-induced vibration for scavenging wind energy

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Nano Research 2022年第4期15卷 3246-3253页

作者： Yan Wang Tianyu Chen Shuowen Sun Xiangyu Liu Zhiyuan Hu Zhenhui Lian Long Liu Qiongfeng Shi Hao Wang Jianchun Mi Tongming Zhou Chengkuo Lee Minyi Xu Dalian Key lab of Marine Micro/Nano Energy and Self-powered System Marine Engineering CollegeDalian Maritime UniversityDalian 116026China Center for Intelligent Sensors and MEMS(CISM) National University of Singapore Engineering Drive 3 Singapore 117576Singapore3 College of EngineeringPeking UniversityBeijing 100871China School of Civil Environmental and Mining EngineeringThe University of Western AustraliaWA 6009Australia

Wind energy is a promising renewable energy source for a low-carbon *** study is to develop a fully packaged vortexinduced vibration triboelectric nanogenerator(VIV-TENG)for scavenging wind *** VIV-TENG consists of a wind vane,internal power generation unit,an external frame,four springs,a square cylinder and a circular *** internal power generation unit consists of polytetrafluoroethylene(PTFE)balls,a honeycomb frame and two copper *** from most of the previous wind energy harvesting TENGs,the bouncing PTFE balls are fully packaged in the square *** distinct design separates the process of contact electrification from the external environment,and at the same time avoids the frictional wear of the ordinary wind energy harvesting *** corresponding VIV parameters are investigated to evaluate their influence on the vibration behaviors and the energy *** state of the VIV-TENG corresponds to the high output performance from the *** distinct,robust structure ensures the full-packaged VIV-TENG can harvest wind energy from arbitrary directions and even in undesirable weather *** study proposes a novel TENG configuration for harvesting wind energy and the VIV-TENG proves promising powering micro-electro-mechanical appliances.

关键词： vortex-induced vibration wind energy triboelectric nanogenerator self-powered

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Lymphotoxin signalling in tertiary lymphoid structures and immunotherapy

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Cellular & Molecular Immunology 2017年第10期14卷 809-818页

作者： Haidong Tang Mingzhao Zhu Jian Qiao Yang-Xin Fu Department of pathology University of TexasSouthwestern Medical CenterDallasTX 75235USA IBP-UTSW Joint Immunotherapy Group Chinese Academy of ScienceKey Laboratory for Infection and ImmunityInstitute of BiophysicsChinese Academy of SciencesBeijing 100101China

Tertiary lymphoid structures(TLS)often develop at sites of persistent inflammation,including cancers and autoimmune *** most cases,the presence of TLS correlates with active immune *** of their proximity to pathological loci,TLS are an intriguing target for the manipulation of immune *** several years,it has become clear that lymphotoxin(LT)signalling plays critical roles in lymphoid tissue organogenesis and *** the current review,we will discuss the role of LT signalling in the development of *** a focus on cancers and autoimmune diseases,we will highlight the correlations between TLS and disease *** will also discuss the current efforts and potential directions for manipulating TLS for immunotherapies.

关键词： autoimmune disease cancer immunotherapy lymphotoxin signalling tertiary lymphoid structure

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Pathogenic Characterization and Full Length Genome Sequence of a Reassortant Infectious Bursal Disease Virus Newly Isolated in Pakistan

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Virologica Sinica 2019年第1期34卷 102-105页

作者： Altaf Hussain Tiantian Wu Hui Li Linjin Fan Kai Li Li Gao Yongqiang Wang Yulong Gao Changjun Liu Hongyu Cui Qing Pan Yanping Zhang Asim Aslam Khan Muti-Ur-Rehman Muhammad Munir Salman Latif Butt Xiaomei Wang Xiaole Qi Division of Avian Infectious Diseases State Key Laboratory of Veterinary BiotechnologyHarbin Veterinary Research InstituteThe Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences OIE Reference laboratory for Infectious Bursal Disease pathology Department University of Veterinary and Animal Sciences Division of Biomedical and Life Sciences Faculty of Health and MedicineLancaster University Department of pathology College of Veterinary MedicineUniversity of Georgia Jiangsu Co-innovation Centre for Prevention and Control of Important Animal Infectious Disease and Zoonoses

Dear Editor,Infectious bursal disease (IBD) is one of the most important diseases of the poultry. The IBD virus (IBDV), a nonenveloped virus belonging to the Birnaviridae family with a genome consisting of two segments of double-stranded RNA (segments A and B), targets B lymphocytes of bursa of Fabricious leading to immunosuppression. In Pakistan,poultry farming is the second biggest industry and IBD is the second biggest disease threating the poultry ***.

关键词： In Pathogenic Characterization and Full Length Genome Sequence of a Reassortant Infectious Bursal Disease Virus Newly Isolated in Pakistan

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A methodology of implementing target mixing ratio for asphalt mixture

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Frontiers of Structural and Civil Engineering 2017年第3期11卷 308-314页

作者： Yucheng HUANG Lun JI Rui WEN Ming ZHANG national Center for Materials Service Safety Joint USTB-Virginia Tech Lab on Multifunctional Materials University of Science and Technology Beijing Beijing China Virginia Tech Blacksburg VA 24061 United States School of Transportation Science and Technology Harbin Institute of Technology Harbin China Shanghai Investigation Design & Research Institute CO. LTD Shanghai China Highway Administration Bureau of Liaoning Provincial Communications Department Harbin China

In order to implement the objective mix design of hot mix asphalt adequately during the construction process, the significance of objective mixing ratio was elaborated, and the variability of materials and its control method were analyzed. An engineering example is used to illustrate the debugging process of asphalt mixture batching ＆ mixing plant and the dynamic quality management methods. The results show that the set of methods can not only implement the objective mixing ratio of hot mix asphalt adequately, but also control production during the construction process effectively.

关键词： asphalt mixture target mixing ratio mix design implementation batching & mixing plant debugging

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