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Uncovering the functional basis of mantids that resemble plants

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Science China(Life sciences) 2024年第1期67卷 215-216页

作者： Wei Zhang David JLohman State Key Laboratory of Protein and Plant Gene Research School of Life SciencesPeking UniversityBeijing 100871China Peking-Tsinghua Center for Life sciences Academy for Advanced Interdisciplinary StudiesPeking UniversityBeijing 100871China Biology Department City College of New YorkCity University of New YorkNew York 10031 USA PhD Program in Biology City University of New YorkNew York 10016 USA Entomology Section National Museum of Natural HistoryManila 1000Philippines

Convergent evolution frequently causes one species to look like another to increase its ***“adaptive resemblance”takes many forms:edible species mimic noxious ones to avoid predation;camouflaged patterns allow an organism to blend into its environment;and being mistaken for an inedible object allows a prey species to masquerade as a twig or dead *** resemblance is relatively common in insects,which comprise around 60%of known species.

关键词： species functional mimic

Travel behavior resilience:Theory,method,and empirical studies

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Journal of Geographical sciences 2024年第8期34卷 1657-1674页

作者： HUANG Jie WANG Jiaoe Key Laboratory of Regional Sustainable Development Modelling Institute of Geographic Sciences and Natural Resources ResearchCASBeijing 100101China College of Resources and Environment University of Chinese Academy of SciencesBeijing 100049China

Resilience studies have long been a focal point in the fields of geography,social science,urban studies,and ***,resilience studies from multiple disciplines have scrutinized resilience at an individual *** one important behavior in the daily life of human beings,travel behavior is characterized by spatial dependence,spatiotemporal dynamics,and group ***,how to understand the interaction between travel behavior(or demand)and transportation supply and their dynamics is a fundamental question in transportation studies when transportation systems encounter unexpected *** paper refines the definition of travel behavior resilience based on fundamental theories from multiple disciplines,including ecology,transportation engineering,and ***,this paper proposes a conceptual theoretical framework of travel behavior resilience based on the dynamic equilibrium characteristics of transportation supply and *** general,travel behavior has three stages of variation,namely,dramatic reduction,rapid growth,and fluctuation recovery,which have helped capture the travel behavior resilience ***,we construct a corresponding evaluation methodology that is suitable for multiscale and multidimensional *** emphasize that the evaluation of travel behavior resilience should be process-oriented with temporal continuity or capture the inflection points of travel *** multisource big data such as mobile phone signaling data and smart card data,this paper reviews empirical studies on travel behavior resilience,exploring its spatial heterogeneity and group *** location-based analysis,we confirm that people show greater travel behavior resilience in places where people engage in various socioeconomic *** group-based analysis shows that age and socioeconomic attributes of mobility groups significantly affect travel behavior *** behavior resilience can be o

关键词： resilience residential travel social group urban transportation big data

Cellular interplay to 3D in vitro microphysiological disease model:cell patterning microbiota-gut-brain axis

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Bio-Design and Manufacturing 2024年第3期7卷 320-357页

作者： Kamare Alam Lakshmi Nair Souvik Mukherjee Kulwinder Kaur Manjari Singh Santanu Kaity Velayutham Ravichandiran Sugato Banerjee Subhadeep Roy Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology National Institute of Pharmaceutical Education and ResearchKolkataWest Bengal 700054India Department of Pharmaceutical sciences Assam UniversitySilchar 788011India Department of Pharmaceutical sciences Guru Ghasidas UniversityKoniBilaspur 495009C.G.India School of Pharmacy and Biomolecular sciences RCSI University of Medicine and Health SciencesDublin D02 YN77Ireland Tissue Engineering Research Group Department of Anatomy and Regenerative MedicineRCSI University of Medicine and Health SciencesDublin D02 YN77Ireland Department of Pharmaceutics National Institute of Pharmaceutical Education and ResearchKolkataWest Bengal 700054India Department of natural Products National Institute of Pharmaceutical Education and ResearchKolkataWest Bengal 700054India

The microbiota-gut-brain axis(MGBA)has emerged as a key prospect in the bidirectional communication between two major organ systems:the brain and the *** between the two organ systems allows the body to function without disease,whereas dysbiosis has long-standing evidence of etiopathological *** most common communication paths are the microbial release of metabolites,soluble neurotransmitters,and immune ***,each pathway is intertwined with a complex *** the emergence of in vitro models and the popularity of three-dimensional(3D)cultures and Transwells,engineering has become easier for the scientific understanding of neurodegenerative *** paper briefly retraces the possible communication pathways between the gut microbiome and the *** further elaborates on three major diseases:autism spectrum disorder,Parkinson’s disease,and Alzheimer’s disease,which are prevalent in children and the *** diseases also decrease patients’quality of ***,understanding them more deeply with respect to current advances in in vitro modeling is crucial for understanding the *** of MGBA in the laboratory uses many molecular technologies and biomaterial *** and organoids provide a more realistic picture of the cell and tissue structure than *** them with the Transwell system offers the advantage of compartmentalizing the two systems(apical and basal)while allowing physical and chemical cues between ***-edge technologies,such as bioprinting and microfluidic chips,might be the future of in vitro modeling,as they provide dynamicity.

关键词： Microbiota-gut-brain axis Neurodegeneration 3D disease model Organoid Transwell system

Preparing highly entangled states of nanodiamond rotation and NV center spin

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Chinese Physics B 2024年第2期33卷 144-151页

作者：李文亮周端陆 Institute of Physics Beijing National Laboratory for Condensed Matter PhysicsChinese Academy of SciencesBeijing 100190China School of Physical sciences University of Chinese Academy of SciencesBeijing 100049China

A nanodiamond with an embedded nitrogen-vacancy(NV)center is one of the experimental systems that can be coherently manipulated within current *** between NV center electron spin and mechanical rotation of the nanodiamond plays a fundamental role in building a quantum network connecting these microscopic and mesoscopic degrees of *** we present a protocol to asymptotically prepare a highly entangled state of the total quantum angular momentum and electron spin by adiabatically boosting the external magnetic field.

关键词： nanodiamond NV center entanglement

Interplay between Microscopic Structures and Macroscopic Viscoelastic Properties of Polyampholyte Gels

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Chinese Journal of Polymer Science 2024年第9期42卷 1360-1367,I0008页

作者： You-Cai Xue Yi-Ming Yang Di Jia Beijing national Laboratory for Molecular sciences Laboratory of Polymer Physics and ChemistryInstitute of ChemistryChinese Academy of SciencesBeijing100190China University of Chinese Academy of sciences Beijing100049China

Polyampholyte gels,which have hierarchical structures,exhibit excellent self-healing properties and have great promise for biomaterials and *** investigated the relationship between microscopic structures and macroscopic viscoelastic properties of polyampholyte gels and found three factors influencing their viscoelastic properties,including the chemical crosslinking bonds,topological entanglements controlled by monomer concentration,and the ionic *** strength plays a major role on the strength of ionic bonds.A crossover point of elastic modulus and loss modulus was observed in the dynamic frequency sweeps at low monomer concentration or low chemical crosslinking density for gels with intermediate strength of ionic *** solid-liquid transition signaled by the crossover point is a typical feature of dynamic associated gels,representing the dynamical association-dissociation of the ionic bonds and full relaxation of the topological entanglements in the gel *** the crossover point disappears when the ionic bonds are too weak or too strong to form“permanent”***,in the non-linear yielding measurement,gels with intermediate strength of the ionic bonds are ductile and yield at very large shear strain due to the self-healing properties and the dynamic association-dissociation of the ionic *** the self-healing properties disappear when the ionic bond strength is too weak or too *** work reveals the mechanism of how the dynamic association-dissociation of ionic bonds influences both the linear and non-linear viscoelastic properties of the polyampholyte gels.

关键词： Polyampholyte gel Ionic bond Topological entanglement Self-healing Hierarchical structure

EXPONENTIAL CONVERGENCE FOR NONLINEAR SPDES WITH DOUBLE REFLECTING WALLS

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Acta Mathematica Scientia 2024年第6期44卷 2465-2484页

作者：陈登第郑言 College of sciences National University of Defense Technology

The present article is devoted to nonlinear stochastic partial differential equations with double reflecting walls driven by possibly degenerate,multiplicative *** prove that the corresponding Markov semigroup possesses an exponentially attracting invariant measure through asymptotic coupling,in which Foias-Prodi estimation and the truncation technique are crucial for the realization of the Girsanov transform.

关键词： asymptotic coupling exponential mixing Girsanov transform stochastic partial differential equations with double reflecting walls

Steroidal scaffold decorations in Solanum alkaloid biosynthesis

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Molecular Plant 2024年第8期17卷 1236-1254页

作者： Rosalind Lucier Mohamed O.Kamileen Yoko Nakamura Sofiia Serediuk Ranjit Barbole Jens Wurlitzer Maritta Kunert Sarah Heinicke Sarah E.O'Connor Prashant D.Sonawane Department of natural Product Biosynthesis Max Planck Institute for Chemical Ecology07745 JenaGermany Research Group Biosynthesis and NMR Max Planck Institute for Chemical Ecology07745 JenaGermany Biochemical sciences Division CSIR-National Chemical LaboratoryPune 411008MaharashtraIndia

Steroidal glycoalkaloids(SGAs)are specialized metabolites produced by hundreds of Solanum species,including important vegetable crops such as tomato,potato,and *** it has been known that SGAs play important roles in defense in plants and“anti-nutritional"effects(e.g.,toxicity and bitterness)to humans,many of these molecules have documented anti-cancer,anti-microbial,antiinflammatory,anti-viral,and anti-pyretic *** these,α-solasonine andα-solamargine isolated from black nightshade(Solanum nigrum)are reported to have potent anti-tumor,anti-proliferative,and anti-inflammatory ***,α-solasonine andα-solamargine,along with the core steroidal aglycone solasodine,are the most widespread SGAs produced among the Solanum ***,it is still unknown how plants synthesize these bioactive steroidal *** comparative metabolomictranscriptome-guided approach,biosynthetic logic,combinatorial expression in Nicotiana benthamiana,and functional recombinant enzyme assays,here we report the discovery of 12 enzymes from *** that converts the starting cholesterol precursorto solasodine aglycone,and the downstreamα-solasonine,α-solamargine,and malonyl-solamargine SGA *** further identified six enzymes from cultivated eggplant that catalyze the production ofα-solasonine,α-solamargine,and malonyl-solamargine SGAs from solasodine aglycone via glycosylation and atypical malonylation *** work provides the gene tool box and platform for engineering the production of high-value,steroidal bioactive molecules inheterologoushosts usingsyntheticbiology.

关键词： steroidal glycoalkaloids Solanum biosynthetic pathway α-solamargine malonyl-solamargine specialized metabolites

Enhancing SAEAs with unevaluated solutions:a case study of relation model for expensive optimization

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Science China(Information sciences) 2024年第2期67卷 41-58页

作者： Hao HAO Xiaoqun ZHANG Aimin ZHOU Institute of natural sciences Shanghai Jiao Tong University Shanghai Frontiers Science Center of Molecule Intelligent Syntheses School of Computer Science and Technology East China Normal University

Surrogate-assisted evolutionary algorithms(SAEAs) hold significant importance in resolving expensive optimization problems. Extensive efforts have been devoted to improving the efficiency of SAEAs through the development of proficient model-assisted solution selection methods, which, however, first requires generating high-quality solutions. The fundamental paradigm of evaluating a limited number of solutions in each generation within SAEAs reduces the variance of adjacent populations, thereby affecting the quality of offspring solutions. This is a frequently encountered issue yet receives little attention. To address the issue, this paper presents a framework using unevaluated solutions to enhance the efficiency of *** surrogate model is employed to identify high-quality solutions for the direct generation of new solutions without evaluation. To ensure dependable selection, we have introduced two tailored relation models to select the optimal solution and the unevaluated population. A comprehensive experimental analysis is performed on two test suites, which showcases the superiority of the relation model over regression and classification models in the solution selection phase. Furthermore, the surrogate-selected unevaluated solutions with high potential have been shown to enhance the efficiency of the algorithm significantly.

关键词： expensive optimization unevaluated solutions relation model surrogate-assisted evolutionary algorithm

Recent advances and key perspectives of in-situ studies for oxygen evolution reaction in water electrolysis

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Green Energy & Environment 2024年第10期9卷 1497-1517页

作者： Yi Wang Zichen Xu Xianhong Wu Zhong-Shuai Wu State Key Laboratory of Catalysis Dalian Institute of Chemical Physics Chinese Academy of Sciences University of Chinese Academy of sciences Shijingshan District Dalian national Laboratory for Clean Energy Chinese Academy of Sciences

Electricity-driven water splitting to produce hydrogen is one of the most efficient ways to alleviate energy crisis and environmental pollution problems, in which the anodic oxygen evolution reaction(OER) is the key half-reaction of performance-limiting in water splitting. Given the complicated reaction process and surface reconstruction of the involved catalysts under actual working conditions, unraveling the real active sites, probing multiple reaction intermediates and clarifying catalytic pathways through in-situ characterization techniques and theoretical calculations are essential. In this review, we summarize the recent advancements in understanding the catalytic process, unlocking the water oxidation active phase and elucidating catalytic mechanism of water oxidation by various in-situ characterization techniques. Firstly, we introduce conventionally proposed traditional catalytic mechanisms and novel evolutionary mechanisms of OER, and highlight the significance of optimal catalytic pathways and intrinsic stability. Next, we provide a comprehensive overview of the fundamental working principles,different detection modes, applicable scenarios, and limitations associated with the in-situ characterization techniques. Further, we exemplified the in-situ studies and discussed phase transition detection, visualization of speciation evolution, electronic structure tracking, observation of reaction active intermediates, and monitoring of catalytic products, as well as establishing catalytic structure–activity relationships and catalytic mechanism. Finally, the key challenges and future perspectives for demystifying the water oxidation process are briefly proposed.

关键词： In-situ studies Water splitting Oxygen evolution reaction Catalytic mechanism