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DNA barcoding of Pedicularis L.(Orobanchaceae):Evaluating four universal barcode loci in a large and hemiparasitic genus

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Journal of Systematics and Evolution 2011年第5期49卷 425-437页

作者： Richard H.REE Department of Botany Field Museum of Natural History

One application of DNA barcoding is species identification based on sequences of a short and standardized DNA *** plants,various DNA regions,alone or in combination,have been proposed and investigated,but consensus on a universal plant barcode remains *** this study,we tested the utility of four candidate barcoding regions(rbcL,matK,trnH-psbA,and internal transcribed spacer(ITS)) as DNA barcodes for discriminating species in a large and hemiparasitic genus Pedicularis(Orobanchaceae).Amplification and sequencing was successful using single primer pairs for rbcL,trnH-psbA,and ITS,whereas two primer pairs were required for *** of sequence divergence commonly showed a "barcoding gap",that is,a bimodal frequency distribution of pairwise distances representing genetic diversity within and between species,*** primer universality,ease of amplification and sequencing,and performance in discriminating species,we found the most effective single-region barcode for Pedicularis to be ITS,and the most effective two-region barcode to be rbcL + *** discriminated at least 78% of the 88 species and correctly identified at least 89% of the sequences in our sample,and were effective in placing unidentified samples in known species *** results suggest that DNA barcoding has the potential to aid taxonomic research in Pedicularis,a species-rich cosmopolitan clade much in need of revision,as well as ecological studies in its center of diversity,the Hengduan Mountains region of China.

关键词： DNA barcode Hengduan Mountains region ITS Pedicularis rbcL species identification.

Injury-induced rapid activation of MAPK signaling in dechorionated eggs and larvae of the silkworm Bombyx mori

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Insect Science 2017年第2期24卷 248-258页

作者： Shi-Hong Gu Chien-Hung Chen Department of Biology National Museum of Natural Science Taichung Taiwan China Chung Hwa University of Medical Technol-ogy Tainan County Taiwan China

Previous study showed that diapause in Bombyx mori eggs can be ter- minated by dechorionation and that activation in the mitogen-activated protein kinase （MAPK）/extracellular signal-regulated kinase （ERK） in dechorionated cultured eggs is involved in diapause termination. In the present study, the possible mechanism underlying activation of ERK upon dechorionation was further investigated. Results showed that me- chanical injury of diapause eggs without medium incubation also resulted in rapid increase in the phospho-ERK levels and that injury increased the phospho-ERK levels at different stages of both diapause eggs and eggs in which diapause initiation was prevented by HC1. Effects of anaerobiosis on dechorionation-stimulated phospho-ERK levels showed that the mechanical injury itself but not the dramatic increase in oxygen uptake upon injury is in- volved in a rapid activation of ERK. Chemical anaerobiosis on dechorionation-stimulated phospho-ERK levels and the in vivo effect of anaerobiosis showed that the supply of oxygen also plays a role in ERK signaling. In addition, injury induced the phosphory- lation of c-jun N-terminal kinases （JNKs） and p38 kinase, components of two parallel MAPK pathways. A kinase assay showed a dramatic increase in .INK kinase activity in egg lysates upon injury. When newly hatched first instar larvae were injured, an increase in the phospho-ERK levels similar to that in dechorionated eggs was observed. From the results, we hypothesize that the injury-induced rapid activation of MAPK signaling, which serves as a natural signal for embryonic development, is related to diapause termination in dechorionated eggs.

关键词： Bombyx mori dechorionation embryonic diapause ERK phosphorylation injury MAPK

Research integrity in forensic anthropology

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Forensic Sciences Research 2021年第3期6卷 285-291页

作者： Douglas H.Ubelaker national museum of Natural History Smithsonian InstitutionWashingtonDCUSA

Research represents the driving force for change and advancement in the forensic sciences[1].Of course,forensic science features casework and the application of our scientific knowledge to medicolegal ***,that scienti... 详细信息

关键词： knowledge legal driving

A Review on the Low-Carbon City Study: Development and Trends

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Chinese Journal of Urban and Environmental Studies 2019年第2期7卷 110-121页

作者： JIANG Wei KANG Wenmei Institute of ethnology and Anthropology Chinese Academy of Social Sciences Graduate School of Chinese Academy of Social Sciences

This paper, using literature analysis, explores the development of low-carbon pilot cities in China and its research progress, including the enrichment of the connotations of low carbon and low-carbon city, the progress in building China’s low-carbon cities, the relevant research by Chinese and foreign scholars and its trends. The result shows that for the construction of low-carbon cities in China, domestic and foreign scholars have conducted in-depth research on the connotations of low-carbon economy and low-carbon city, low-carbon index, carbon discharges peak value, technological approaches, energy utilization, low-carbon society, policy instruments and evaluating system, but the research is still subject to several limitations. For example, judging from the evaluation system of low-carbon cities, the research assigned small weights to the non-technical indexes such as low-carbon policies, governance mechanism and performance appraisal system. Judging from the spatial scale of case studies, the studies on the relatively developed cities in eastern China outnumber those on the cities in western China, especially in the minority areas. In terms of the factors influencing the construction of low-carbon cities,inadequate attention has been paid to the related psychological factors, in particular those of ethnic minorities.

关键词： Low-carbon city low-carbon economy low-carbon pilot cities

Improving the Effectiveness of Image Classification Structural Methods by Compressing the Description According to the Information Content Criterion

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Computers, Materials & Continua 2024年第8期80卷 3085-3106页

作者： Yousef Ibrahim Daradkeh Volodymyr Gorokhovatskyi Iryna Tvoroshenko Medien Zeghid Department of Computer Engineering and Information College of Engineering inWadi AlddawasirPrince Sattam bin Abdulaziz UniversityAl-Kharj16273Saudi Arabia Department of Informatics Kharkiv National University of Radio ElectronicsKharkiv61166Ukraine Electronics and Micro-Electronics Laboratory Faculty of SciencesUniversity of MonastirMonastir5000Tunisia

The research aims to improve the performance of image recognition methods based on a description in the form of a set of keypoint *** main focus is on increasing the speed of establishing the relevance of object and etalon descriptions while maintaining the required level of classification *** class to be recognized is represented by an infinite set of images obtained from the etalon by applying arbitrary geometric *** is proposed to reduce the descriptions for the etalon database by selecting the most significant descriptor components according to the information content *** informativeness of an etalon descriptor is estimated by the difference of the closest distances to its own and other *** developed method determines the relevance of the full description of the recognized object with the reduced description of the *** practical models of the classifier with different options for establishing the correspondence between object descriptors and etalons are *** results of the experimental modeling of the proposed methods for a database including images of museum jewelry are *** test sample is formed as a set of images from the etalon database and out of the database with the application of geometric transformations of scale and rotation in the field of *** practical problems of determining the threshold for the number of votes,based on which a classification decision is made,have been *** has revealed the practical possibility of tenfold reducing descriptions with full preservation of classification *** the descriptions by twenty times in the experiment leads to slightly decreased *** speed of the analysis increases in proportion to the degree of *** use of reduction by the informativeness criterion confirmed the possibility of obtaining the most significant subset of features for classification,which guarantees a decent

关键词： Description reduction description relevance descriptor image classification information content keypoint processing speed

Accelerating snail vector genomics

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Infectious Diseases of Poverty 2024年第3期13卷 6-10页

作者： Tom Pennance David Rollinson College of Osteopathic Medicine of the Pacific-Northwest Western University of Health SciencesLebanonORUSA Global Schistosomiasis Alliance Ealing Cross85 Uxbridge RoadEalingLondon W55BWUK Science Department Natural History MuseumCromwell RoadLondon SW75BDUK

The three most important genera of snails for the transmission of schistosomes are Bulinus,Biomphalaria and *** of these genera,found in two distantly related families,includes species that act as the intermediate host for one of the three most widespread schistosome species infecting humans,Schistosoma haematobium,*** and ***,*** important step in the fight against schistosomiasis in Asia has been taken with the publication of the article"Chromosome-level genome assembly of Oncomelania hupensis:the intermediate snail host of Schistosoma japonicum",which means that genomes for all three major genera,including species across three continents,are now available in the public *** includes the first genomes of African snail vectors,namely Biomphalaria sudanica,*** and Bulinus truncatus,as well as high-quality chromosome level assemblies for South American *** importantly,the wealth of new genomic and transcriptomic data is helping to establish the specific molecular mechanisms that underly compatibility between snails and their schistosomes,which although diverse and complex,may help to identify potential targets dictating host parasite interactions that can be utilised in future transmission control *** new work on Oncomelania hupensis and indeed studies on other snail vectors,which provide deep insights into the genome,will stimulate research that may well lead to new and much needed control interventions.

关键词： Snail vectors Genomics

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Bird species composition and conservation challenges in the Gaoligong Mountains, one of the most diverse bird areas in the world

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Zoological Research(Diversity and Conservation) 2024年第1期1卷 20-50页

作者： Fei Wu Jian-Yun Gao Dao Yan Le Yang Lu-Ming Liu Shun-Yu Yao Chang-Sheng Zuo Jun Sun Ge Gao Jian-Yong Su Li Luo Ying-Chun Li Ming Liu Yuan-Fang Hu Ming Wei Xiao-Jun Yang State Key Laboratory of Genetic Resources and Evolution&Yunnan Key Laboratory of Biodiversity and Ecological Conservation of Gaoligong Mountain Kunming Institute of ZoologyChinese Academy of SciencesKunmingYunnan 650201China Xizang Plateau Institute of Biology LhasaXizang 850001China Kunming Natural History museum of Zoology Kunming Institute of ZoologyChinese Academy of SciencesKunmingYunnan 650223China Yunnan Tongbiguan Provincial Nature Reserve DehongYunnan 679300China Yunnan Gaoligongshan national Nature Reserve NujiangYunnan 671400China Yunnan Gaoligongshan national Nature Reserve BaoshanYunnan 678000China China Birdwatching Association KunmingYunnan 650225China Gaoligong Mountain Forest Ecosystem Observation and Research Station of Yunnan Province Dulongjiang Forest Ecosystem Research StationGongshanYunnan 673500China

The Gaoligong Mountains(GLGM),located in southwestern China,extend north to south along the western border of the Hengduan Mountains,spanning approximately 600 *** this study,we consolidated findings from 17 bird surveys conducted in the GLGM between 2010 and *** found that the GLGM harbors tremendous bird diversity,with a total of 796 documented bird species in the *** a quarter(23.0%)of these species are listed as state key protected species or as Chinese and global threatened *** of species richness at the county level showed a decreasing trend with increasing latitude,with the greatest diversity in Yingjiang(661 species).Observations indicated that the GLGM belongs to the Oriental realm,primarily composed of bird species from southern and southwestern *** GLGM plays an important role in avian conservation by sheltering exceptional bird diversity,providing corridors and flyways for bird migration and dispersal,and mitigating the effects of climate *** response to the conservation needs of birds and other wildlife,the Chinese government has established numerous protected areas within the *** these efforts,avian conservation still faces considerable challenges in the GLGM due to limitations in the protected area network,transboundary nature of the regions,and existing gaps in monitoring and research.

关键词： Birds Gaoligong Mountains Zoogeographic region Conservation challenge

A Century of Spinosaurs-A Review and Revision of the Spinosauridae with Comments on Their Ecology

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Acta Geologica Sinica(English Edition) 2017年第3期91卷 1120-1132页

作者： David William Elliott HONE Thomas Richard HOLTZ School of Biological and Chemical Sciences Queen Mary University of London Department of Geology University of MarylandCollege Park Department of Paleobiology National Museum of Natural History

The spinosaurids represent an enigmatic and highly unusual form of large tetanuran theropods that were first identified in 1915. A recent flurry of discoveries and taxonomic revisions of this important and interesting clade has added greatly to our knowledge. Spinosaur body fossils are however generally rare and most species are known from only limited skeletal remains. Their unusual anatomical adaptations to the skull, limbs and axial column all differ from other large theropods and point to an unusual ecological niche and a lifestyle intimately linked to water.

关键词： Theropoda Megalosauroidea Baryonychinae Spinosaurinae palaeoecology

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Preserving and Exhibiting the Outstanding Accomplishments of Chinese Civilization

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Qiu Shi 2022年第5期14卷 9-16页

作者：无 national museum of China

The national museum of China(NMC)is a vital public cultural institution for collecting,researching,exhibiting,and interpreting artifacts that embody the advanced socialist,revolutionary,and traditional culture of Chin... 详细信息

关键词： behalf interpreting culture