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An Analysis of the Discontinuity in Chinese Radiosonde Temperature Data Using satellite Observation as a Reference

Journal of meteorological Research 2019年第2期33卷 289-306页

作者： Yanjun GUO Chengzhi ZOU Panmao ZHAI Guofu WANG national Climate center China meteorological administration center for satellite Applications and Research National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration/National Environmental Satellite Data and Information Service Chinese Academy of Meteorolgical Sciences China meteorological administration

Reconciling upper-air temperature trends derived from radiosonde and satellite observations is a necessary step to confidently determine the global warming rate. This study examines the raw and homogenized radiosonde observations over China and compares them with layer-mean atmospheric temperatures derived from satellite microwave observations for the lower-troposphere(TLT), mid-troposphere(TMT), upper-troposphere(TUT), and lower-stratosphere(TLS) by three research groups. Comparisons are for averages over China, excluding the Tibetan Plateau, and at individual stations where metadata contain information on radiosonde instrument changes. It is found that major differences between the satellite and radiosonde observations are related to artificial systematic changes. The radiosonde system updates in the early 2000 s over China caused significant discontinuities and led the radiosonde temperature trends to exhibit less warming in the middle and upper troposphere and more cooling in the lower stratosphere than satellite temperatures. Homogenized radiosonde data have been further adjusted by using the shift-point adjustment approaches to match with satellite products for China averages. The obtained trends during 1979–2015 from the re-adjusted radiosonde observation are respectively 0.203 ± 0.066, 0.128 ± 0.044, 0.034 ± 0.039, and –0.329 ± 0.135 K decade^(–1) for TLT, TMT, TUT, and TLS equivalents. Compared to satellite trends, the re-adjusted radiosonde trends are within 0.01 K decade^(–1) for TMT and TUT, 0.054 K decade^(–1) warmer for TLT, and 0.051 K decade^(–1) cooler for TLS. The results suggest that the use of satellite data as a reference is helpful in identifying and removing inhomogeneities of radiosonde temperatures over China and reconciling their trends to satellite microwave observations. Future efforts are to homogenize radiosonde temperatures at individual stations over China by using similar approaches.

关键词： radiosonde temperature homogenization satellite microwave sounding unit China upper air temperature trends

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Advanced Radiative Transfer Modeling System(ARMS): A New-Generation satellite Observation Operator Developed for Numerical Weather Prediction and Remote Sensing Applications

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Advances in Atmospheric Sciences 2020年第2期37卷 131-136页

作者： Fuzhong WENG Xinwen YU Yihong DUAN Jun YANG Jianjie WANG Chinese Academy of meteorological Sciences Beijing 100081China Chinese meteorological administration Beijing 100081China national meteorological satellite center Beijing 100081China national meteorological center Beijing 100081China

*** requirements for developing Feng Yun satellite observation operators In the past two decades,satellite measurements have been widely utilized for understanding and predicting weather and climate,and are now an ess... 详细信息

关键词： operators utilized Operator

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Reprocessing 12-yr Microwave Humidity Sounder Historical Data of Fengyun-3 satellites

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Journal of meteorological Research 2022年第2期36卷 261-270页

作者： Yang GUO Fangli DOU Qiong WU Jieying HE Shengwei ZHANG Zhenzhan WANG Songyan GU Peng ZHANG Key Laboratory of Radiometric Calibration and Validation for Environmental satellites National Satellite Meteorological Center(National Center for Space Weather)China Meteorological AdministrationBeijing 100081 Innovation center for Fengyun meteorological satellite(FYSIC) China Meteorological AdministrationBeijing 100081 national Space Science center Chinese Academy of SciencesBeijing 100190

Atmospheric water vapor is an essential climate variable(ECV)with extensive spatial and temporal *** humidity observations from meteorological satellites provide important information for climate system variables,including atmospheric water vapor and precipitable water,and assimilation in numerical weather prediction(NWP)and *** one of the payloads onboard China’s second-generation polar-orbiting operational meteorological Fengyun-3(FY-3)satellites,the Microwave Humidity Sounder(MWHS)has been continuously observing the global humidity since *** reprocessing of historical FY-3 MWHS data is documented in detail in this *** calibrating and correcting the data,the quality of the reprocessed dataset is evaluated and the improvement is shown in this *** results suggest that MWHS observations bias is reduced to approximately 0.8 K,compared with METOP-A Microwave Humidity Sounder(MHS).The temporal variability of MWHS is highly correlated with the instrument *** reprocessing,the scene temperature dependency is mitigated for all 183 GHz channels,and the consistency and stability between FY-3A/B/C are also improved.

关键词： Fengyun-3 Microwave Humidity Sounder historical data reprocessing

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Advances in Severe Convection Research and Operation in China

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Journal of meteorological Research 2020年第2期34卷 189-217页

作者： Xiaoding YU Yongguang ZHENG China meteorological administration Training center Beijing 100081 national meteorological center China Meteorological AdministrationBeijing 100081

This article reviews the advances in severe convection research and operation in China during the past several *** favorable synoptic situations for severe convective weather(SCW),the major organization modes of severe convective storms(SCSs),the favorable environmental conditions and characteristics of weather radar echoes and satellite images of SCW and SCSs,and the forecasting and nowcasting techniques of SCW,are *** a whole,Chinese scientists have achieved a profound understanding of the synoptic patterns,organization,and evolution characteristics of SCW from radar and satellite observations,and the mechanisms of different types of convective weather in ***,in-depth understanding of the multiple types of convection triggers,along with the environmental conditions,structures and organization modes,and maintenance mechanisms of supercell storms and squall lines,has been *** organization modes and climatological distributions of mesoscale convective systems and different types of SCW,and the multiscale characteristics and formation mechanisms of large hail,tornadoes,downbursts,and damaging convective wind gusts based on radar,satellite,and lightning observations,as well as the related features from damage surveys,are *** terms of operational applications,different types of identification and mesoanalysis techniques,and various forecasting and nowcasting techniques using methods such as the"ingredients-based"and deep learning algorithms,have been *** a result,the performance of operational SCW forecasts in China has been significantly improved.

关键词： severe convective weather(SCW) forecasting and nowcasting research and operation advances con temporary China

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The trend, seasonal cycle, and sources of tropospheric NO_(2) over China during 1997―2006 based on satellite measurement

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Science China Earth Sciences 2007年第12期50卷 1877-1884页

作者： ZHANG XingYing ZHANG Peng ZHANG Yan LI XiaoJing QIU Hong Key Laboratory of Radiometric Calibration and Validation for Environmental satellites China Meteorological Administration LRCVES/CMANational Satellite Meteorological CenterChina Meteorological AdministrationBeijing 100081China

The characteristics of spatial and temporal distribution of tropospheric NO_(2)column density concen-tration over China are presented,on the basis of measurements from the satellite instruments GOME and *** these observations,monthly averaged tropospheric NO_(2)variations are deter-mined for the period of 1997 to *** trend and seasonal cycle are also *** possible source of tropospheric NO_(2)over megacity area is discussed in this *** results show a large growth of tropospheric NO_(2)over eastern China,especially above the industrial areas with a fast eco-nomical growth,such as,Yangtze Rive Delta region and Pearl River Delta region because of the prominent anthropogenic *** is a rapid increase of tropospheric NO_(2)over megacities in *** instance,Shanghai had a linear significant increase in NO_(2)columns of~20%per year(ref-erence year 1997)in the period of 1997―2006,which is the rapidest increase among all the selected *** seasonal pattern of the NO_(2)concentration shows a difference between the east and west in *** the eastern part of China,an expected winter maximum in seasonal cycle is found because of the prominent anthropogenic activity and meteorological *** the western part this cycle shows a NO_(2)maximum in summer time,which is attributed to natural emissions,especially soil emissions and lightning.A quickly increasing vehicle population may contribute to the increase of tropo-spheric NO_(2)over megacities in China for the remarkable correlation for vehicle population with tropospheric NO_(2).

关键词： tropospheric NO_(2) satellite instruments trend seasonal cycle and sources

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Automated Landmark Matching of FY-2 Visible Imagery with Its Applications to the On-Orbit Image Navigation Performance Analysis and Improvements

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Chinese Journal of Electronics 2014年第3期23卷 649-654页

作者： YANG Lei FENG Xiaohu LV Ke SHANG Jian national satellite meteorological center China Meteorological Administration Key Laboratory of Radiometric Calibration and Validation for Environmental satellite Graduate University of Chinese Academy of Sciences

To analysis and improve China Fengyun-2(FY-2, spin-stabilized geosynchronous meteorological satellite) on-orbit Image navigation(IN) performance, an automated landmark matching algorithm(FY-2 automated landmark matching, FALM) for the Visible and infrared spin scan radiometer(VISSR) visible channel has been developed at China national satellite meteorological center(NSMC). FALM is based on a correlation algorithm used to match the observed landmark to the corresponding landmark extracted from the template. FALM can overcome the previous methods’ shortcomings, such as the dependency on ten-year long satellite data and US Defense Mapping Agency data. Each step of FALM, generation of the landmark templates, binarization processing for observed images, image matching between observed images and landmark templates are described. Exclusion of false matching is done by several strict quality measures including cloud contamination detection, prior knowledge check,neighborhood filter and Hypothesis test. 400 days of FY-2data have been processed by FALM and the results have showed that mainly five factors which can influence the FY-2 on-orbit IN performance: orbit control, the integrity of the known IN parameters, the satellite viewing zone adjustment, beta angle computation and the moment of sunshine pressure. Because of FALM’s high processing speed and accuracy, it is ready to put into operation for the FY-2 IN improvement, as well as for operational monitoring purposes, and will be further developed for FY-4.

关键词： Automated landmark matching FY-2 On-orbit image navigation performance analysis

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FY-3 meteorological satellites and the Applications

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空间科学学报 2014年第5期34卷 703-709页

作者： TANG Yunqiu ZHANG Jiashen WANG Jingsong national satellite meteorological center/national center for Space Weather China Meteorological Administration

FY-3 is the second generation polar-orbiting meteorological satellite of China. The first satellite named FY-3A of this series was launched on 27 May 2008. The first operational satellite named FY-3C of this series was launched on 23 September, 2013. The new generation satellites are to provide three-dimensional, quantitative, multi-spectral global remote sensing data under all weather conditions, which will greatly help the operational numerical weather prediction, global climate change research, climate diagnostics and prediction, and natural disaster monitoring. They will also provide help for many other fields such as agriculture, forestry, oceanography and hydrology. With the above-mentioned capability, the FY-3 satellites can make valuable contributions to improving weather forecasts, global natural-disaster and environmental monitoring.

关键词： FY-3 satellites Polar-orbiting satellite Remote sense

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Developing the Science Product Algorithm Testbed for Chinese Next-Generation Geostationary meteorological satellites：Fengyun-4 Series

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Journal of meteorological Research 2017年第4期31卷 708-719页

作者： Min MIN Chunqiang WU Chuan LI Hui LIU Na XU Xiao WU Lin CHEN Fu WANG Fenglin SUN Danyu QIN Xi WANG Bo LI Zhaojun ZHENG Guangzhen CAO Lixin DONG Key Laboratory of Radiometric Calibration and Validation for Environmental satellites National Satellite Meteorological Center China Meteorological Administration Beijing 100081

Fengyun-4A（FY-4A）, the first of the Chinese next-generation geostationary meteorological satellites, launched in2016, offers several advances over the FY-2： more spectral bands, faster imaging, and infrared hyperspectral measurements. To support the major objective of developing the prototypes of FY-4 science algorithms, two science product algorithm testbeds for imagers and sounders have been developed by the scientists in the FY-4 Algorithm Working Group（AWG）. Both testbeds, written in FORTRAN and C programming languages for Linux or UNIX systems, have been tested successfully by using Intel/g compilers. Some important FY-4 science products, including cloud mask, cloud properties, and temperature profiles, have been retrieved successfully through using a proxy imager, Himawari-8/Advanced Himawari Imager（AHI）, and sounder data, obtained from the Atmospheric Infra Red Sounder, thus demonstrating their robustness. In addition, in early 2016, the FY-4 AWG was developed based on the imager testbed—a near real-time processing system for Himawari-8/AHI data for use by Chinese weather ***, robust and flexible science product algorithm testbeds have provided essential and productive tools for popularizing FY-4 data and developing substantial improvements in FY-4 products.

关键词： geostationary meteorological satellite FY-4 algorithm testbed cloud properties

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Water Vapor Retrievals from Near-infrared Channels of the Advanced Medium Resolution Spectral Imager Instrument onboard the Fengyun-3D satellite

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Advances in Atmospheric Sciences 2021年第8期38卷 1351-1366页

作者： Ling WANG Xiuqing HU Na XU Lin CHEN Key Laboratory of Radiometric Calibration and Validation for Environmental satellites China Meteorological AdministrationBeijing 100081China national satellite meteorological center China Meteorological AdministrationBeijing 100081China

Water vapor plays a key role in weather, climate and environmental research on local and global scales. Knowledge about atmospheric water vapor and its spatiotemporal variability is essential for climate and weather research. Because of the advantage of a unique temporal and spatial resolution, satellite observations provide global or regional water vapor distributions. The advanced Medium Resolution Spectral Imager (MERSI) instrument-that is, MERSI-II-onboard the Fengyun-3D (FY-3D) meteorological satellite, has been one of the major satellite sensors routinely providing precipitable water vapor (PWV) products to the community using near-infrared (NIR) measurements since June 2018. In this paper, the major updates related to the production of the NIR PWV products of MERSI-II are discussed for the first time. In addition, the water vapor retrieval algorithm based on the MERSI-II NIR channels is introduced and derivations are made over clear land areas, clouds, and sun-glint areas over the ocean. Finally, the status and samples of the MERSI-II PWV products are presented. The accuracy of MERSI-II PWV products is validated using ground-based GPS measurements. The results show that the accuracies of the water vapor products based on the updated MERSI-II instrument are significantly improved compared with those of MERSI, because MERSI-II provides a better channel setting and new calibration method. The root- mean-square error and relative bias of MERSI-II PWV products are typically 1.8-5.5 mm and −3.0% to −14.3%, respectively, and thus comparable with those of other global remote sensing products of the same type.

关键词： precipitable water vapor FY-3D MERSI GPS

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An Improved Model for Evaluating Ecosystem Service Values Using Land Use/Cover and Vegetation Parameters

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Journal of meteorological Research 2021年第1期35卷 148-156页

作者： Fang-Cheng ZHOU Xiuzhen HAN Shihao TANG Xiaoning SONG Hao WANG national satellite meteorological center China Meteorological AdministrationBeijing 100081 University of Chinese Academy of Sciences Beijing 100049 Shandong Climate center Shandong Meteorological BureauJinan 250031

It is crucial to maintain the balance of economic development and ecosystem protection. The value of ecosystem services is an indicator to help people understand the importance of ecosystem protection. Traditional models estimate ecosystem service values only according to land use/cover data while ignoring vegetation status differences in the same land use/cover. This study uses the normalized difference vegetation index(NDVI), the leaf area index(LAI),and net primary productivity(NPP) as vegetation status data to describe the differences in the same land use/cover type. The principal component analysis(PCA) approach is used to reduce the correlations among the three types of vegetation status data. Then, the calculated vegetation status index after PCA is input into the estimation model. The case study in China shows that the improved model has two major advantages. First, it can clearly distinguish the differences in ecosystem service values even for the same land use/cover type. Second, it can clearly describe the transitional zones between different land use/cover types through continuous changes in ecosystem service values. This improved model can provide a more detailed description of the distribution characteristics of ecosystem service values in China and help policymakers balance economic development and ecosystem protection.

关键词： ecosystem service values land use/cover data vegetation status principal component analysis(PCA)

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