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Journal of meteorological Research 2018年第3期32卷 433-443页

作者： Yanmeng BI Qian WANG Zhongdong YANG Jie CHEN Wenguang BAI national satellite meteorological center China Meteorological Administration

In order to correctly use the column-averaged atmospheric COdry-air mole fraction(XCO) data in the COflux studies, XCOmeasurements retrieved from the Orbiting Carbon Observatory-2(OCO-2) in 2015 were compared with those obtained from the global ground-based high-resolution Fourier Transform Spectrometer(FTS) participating in the Total Carbon Column Observing Network(TCCON). The XCOretrieved from three observing modes adopted by OCO-2, i.e., nadir, target, and glint, were separately validated by the FTS measurements at up to eight TCCON stations located in different areas. These comparisons show that OCO-2 glint mode yields the best qualitative estimations of COconcentration among the three operational approaches. The overall results regarding the glint mode show no obvious systematic biases. These facts may indicate that the glint concept is appropriate for not only oceans but also land regions. Negative systematic biases in nadir and target modes have been found at most TCCON sites. The standard deviations of XCOretrieved from target and nadir modes within the observation period are similar, and larger than those from glint mode. We also used the FTS site in Beijing, China, to assess the OCO-2 XCOin 2016. This site is located in a typical urban area, which has been absent in previous studies. Overall, OCO-2 XCOagrees well with that from FTS at this site. Such a study will benefit the validation of the newly launched TanSat products in China.

关键词： Orbiting Carbon Observatory-2(OCO-2) Fourier Transform Spectrometer(FTS) carbon dioxide(CO2) validation

Improvements on global meteorological observations from the current Fengyun 3 satellites and beyond

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International Journal of Digital Earth 2012年第3期5卷 251-265页

作者： Jun Yang Peng Zhang Naimeng Lu Zhongdong Yang Jinming Shi Chaohua Dong national satellite meteorological center Chinese Meteorological AdministrationBeijingChina

The Fengyun 3(FY-3)series is the second generation of Chinese sun-synchronous meteorological *** first two,FY-3A and FY-3B,were launched successfully on 27 May 2008 and 5 November 2010,***-3A and FY-3B share the same design,equipped with 11 payloads to observe the Earth system,but FY-3A is on a monitoring-orbit and FY-3B is on an *** a satellite constellation,FY-3A and FY-3B comprehensively improved meteorological observations in spectral wavelength,spatial coverage,and temporal *** paper summarizes the improvements of the FY-3A and FY-3B *** features,including optical imaging capacity from kilometer to hundred-meter resolution,passive microwave imaging,atmospheric temperature and moisture sounding,atmospheric chemistry remote sensing,and Earth radiation budget measurement,are presented with demonstrations of their *** scheduled for the FY-3C and beyond are introduced as well.

关键词： FY-3 sun-synchronous meteorological satellite satellite constellation

Vegetation Products Derived from Fengyun-3D Medium Resolution Spectral Imager-Ⅱ

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Journal of meteorological Research 2020年第4期34卷 775-785页

作者： Xiuzhen HAN Jun YANG Shihao TANG Yang HAN national satellite meteorological center China Meteorological AdministrationBeijing 100081

The surface vegetation condition has been operationally monitored from space for many years by the Advanced Very High Resolution Radiometer(AVHRR) and the Moderate Resolution Imaging Spectroradiometer(MODIS) instruments. As these instruments are close to the end of their design life, the surface vegetation products are required by many users from the new satellite missions. The MEdium Resolution Spectral Imager-Ⅱ(MERSI-Ⅱ) onboard the Fengyun(FY) satellite(FY-3 series;FY-3 D) is used to retrieve surface vegetation parameters. First, MERSI-Ⅱ solar channel measurements at the red and near-infrared(NIR) bands at the top of atmosphere(TOA) are corrected to the surface reflectances at the top of canopy(TOC) by removing the contributions of scattering and absorption of molecules and aerosols. The normalized difference vegetation index(NDVI) at both the TOA and TOC is then produced by using the same algorithms as the MODIS and AVHRR. The MERSI-Ⅱ enhanced VI(EVI) at the TOC is also developed. The MODIS technique of compositing the NDVI at various timescales is applied to MERSI-Ⅱ to generate the gridded products at different resolutions. The MERSI-Ⅱ VI products are consistent with the MODIS data without systematic biases. Compared to the current MERSI-Ⅱ EVI generated from the ground operational system, the MERSI-Ⅱ EVI from this study has a much better agreement with MODIS after atmospheric correction.

关键词： MEdium Resolution Spectral Imager-Ⅱ(MERSI-Ⅱ) Fengyun(FY)satellite vegetation index(VI) atmospheric correction

FY-3E:The First Operational meteorological satellite Mission in an Early Morning Orbit

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Advances in Atmospheric Sciences 2022年第1期39卷 1-8页

作者： Peng ZHANG Xiuqing HU Qifeng LU Aijun ZHU Manyun LIN Ling SUN Lin CHEN Na XU Innovation center for Fengyun meteorological satellite National Satellite Meteorological CenterChina Meteorological AdministrationBeijing 100081China

Fengyun-3 E(FY-3E),the world’s first early-morning-orbit meteorological satellite for civil use,was launched successfully at the Jiuquan satellite Launch center on 5 July *** FY-3E satellite will fill the vacancy of the global early-morning-orbit satellite observation,working together with the FY-3C and FY-3D satellites to achieve the data coverage of early morning,morning,and afternoon *** combination of these three satellites will provide global data coverage for numerical weather prediction(NWP)at 6-hour intervals,effectively improving the accuracy and time efficiency of global NWP,which is of great significance to perfect the global earth observing *** this article,the background and meteorological requirements for the early-morning-orbit satellite are reviewed,and the specifications of the FY-3E satellite,as well as the characteristics of the onboard instrumentation for earth observations,are also *** addition,the ground segment and the retrieved geophysical products are also *** is believed that the NWP communities will significantly benefit from an optimal temporal distribution of observations provided by the early morning,mid-morning,and afternoon satellite *** benefits are expected in numerous applications such as the monitoring of severe weather/climate events,the development of improved sampling designs of the diurnal cycle for accurate climate data records,more efficient monitoring of air quality by thermal infrared remote sensing,and the quasicontinuous monitoring of the sun for space weather and climate.

关键词： FY-3E operational meteorological satellite early morning orbit

Long-Term Consistent Recalibration of VIRR Solar Reflectance Data Record for Fengyun Polar-Orbiting satellites

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Journal of meteorological Research 2021年第6期35卷 926-942页

作者： Ling SUN Hong QIU Ronghua WU Jing WANG Liyang ZHANG Peng ZHANG national satellite meteorological center China Meteorological AdministrationBeijing 100081

The visible infrared radiometer(VIRR)is the first instrument with longest measurements equipped on the Fengyun(FY)polar-orbiting *** re-processing of the historic VIRR measurements,long-term(over 20 yr)global data can be integrated from multiple participating VIRRs on a consistent radiometric scale,which are valuable to climate and climate change *** to lack of an onboard calibration system for VIRR,the reflective solar bands must be vicariously *** study applied the multi-site vicarious approach for consistent calibration of the VIRR visible(VIS)and near-infrared(NIR)data,and produced calibration coefficients for five VIRRs on FY-1 C/D and FY-3 A/B/*** data quality was then evaluated with *** reflectance predicted by using the radiative transfer model over multiple invariant desert and ocean targets was used to derive the calibration slope via a weighted fitting scheme,in which the weights are the inverse of the variance from a radiative transfer simulation evaluated with reference to Aqua moderate resolution imaging spectroradiometer(MODIS).The sensor-specific calibration coefficients were derived on a daily basis by using piecewise *** calibration reference of the VIRR solar band record was further traced to the Aqua MODIS Collection 6.1 reference calibration with a systematic correction derived from the Libya4 *** VIRR record was compared with the Aqua MODIS C6.1 calibration over the polar region based on simultaneous nadir overpass *** lifetime relative difference for each sensor are within 3.3%and 4.5%for channels 1 and *** deserts were also employed to evaluate the stability and consistency of the VIRR *** general,the means of the directional and spectral corrected reflectance for each sensor are within 1%of the 20-yr average,implying that the VIRR reflectance of the invariant targets is consistent to within 1%among the sensors for channels 1 and *** VIRR data th

关键词： FY-1 FY-3 visible infrared radiometer(VIRR) reflective solar bands pseudo-invariant calibration sites(PICS) calibration directional model(DM) spectral band adjustment factor(SBAF)

Application of Fengyun-4 satellite to Flood Disaster Monitoring through a Rapid Multi-Temporal Synthesis Approach

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Journal of meteorological Research 2020年第4期34卷 720-731页

作者： Jiali SHAO Hao GAO Xin WANG Qianqian ZHANG national satellite meteorological center China Meteorological AdministrationBeijing 100081

Fengyun-4 A(FY-4 A) belongs to the second generation of geostationary meteorological satellite series in China. Its observations with high frequency and resolution provide a better data basis for monitoring of extreme weather such as sudden flood disasters. In this study, the flood disasters occurred in Bangladesh, India, and some other areas of South Asia in August 2018 were investigated by using a rapid multi-temporal synthesis approach for the first time for removal of thick clouds in FY-4 A images. The maximum between-class variance algorithm(OTSU;developed by Otsu in 2007) and linear spectral unmixing methods are used to extract the water area of flood disasters. The accuracy verification shows that the water area of flood disasters extracted from FY-4 A is highly correlated with that from the high-resolution satellite datasets Gaofen-1(GF-1) and Sentinel-1 A, with the square correlation coefficient R2 reaching 0.9966. The average extraction accuracy of FY-4 A is over 90%. With the rapid multi-temporal synthesis approach used in flood disaster monitoring with FY-4 A satellite data, advantages of the wide coverage, fast acquisition,and strong timeliness with geostationary meteorological satellites are effectively combined. Through the synthesis of multi-temporal images of the flood water body, the influence of clouds is effectively eliminated, which is of great significance for the real-time flood monitoring. This also provides an important service guarantee for the disaster prevention and reduction as well as economic and social development in China and the Asia-Pacific region.

关键词： flood disaster monitoring maximum between-class variance algorithm(OTSU) Fengyun-4A(FY-4A) multi-temporal rapid synthesis

Innovations in the Data Processing Algorithm for Chinese FY meteorological satellites

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Journal of meteorological Research 2014年第5期28卷 948-964页

作者：许健民郭强陆其峰陆风张晓虎 national satellite meteorological center China Meteorological Administration

This study introduces some innovations in the data processing algorithm for Chinese FY meteorological satellites. Issues about satellite image navigation, radiation calibration, and data assimilation are discussed. A time series of the earth＇s disk center-line count provides information on the orientation of the satellite spin axis. With this information, the altitude parameters of the satellite and then the earth disk location in the south-north direction may be solved. In each spin cycle, the satellite views the sun and the earth. Given the satellite position and altitude, the angle （β） subtended at the satellite by the sun and the earth can be calculated and predicted. Thus, the earth＇s disk location in the east-west direction is fixed. Based on this principle, we derived an automatic image navigation algorithm for FY2 geosynchronous meteorological satellites with an accuracy approaching pixel level. The FY2 meteorological satellite traveling in a geostationary orbit suffers a large amount of radiation from the sun. The radiation varies on both diurnal and annual scales, which causes radiation responses in the thermal infrared （IR） bands wherein the wavelengths greater than 3.5 μm vibrate periodically on scales of hours to years. These vibrations must be precisely calibrated. First, based on the accurate estimation of the radiant contribution from the front-optics, the variation characteristics of the calibration parameters are obtained on a temporal scale of hours from the space-borne inner-blackbody （IBB） measurement results. Second, the in-orbit measured radiation of the lunar surface is referenced and utilized to correct the sys- tematic bias of the IBB calibration from daily to annual scales. By using such algorithms, we achieved a calibration accuracy of the FY2 satellite＇s IR imagery of less than 1 K. The on-orbit satellite instrument parameters play an important role in data quality; however, they may be mis-measured due to limitations in the measu

关键词： meteorological satellite data processing algorithm image navigation radiation calibration data assimilation

MODELING AND QUANTITATIVE RETRIEVAL OF FINITE FIELD FOR THE TROPICAL SEA SURFACE WIND SPEED OF THE FY-3B MICROWAVE IMAGER

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Journal of Tropical Meteorology 2015年第1期21卷 84-91页

作者：安大伟陆风窦芳丽张鹏 national satellite meteorological center China Meteorological Administration

The purpose of this study is to select a suitable sea wind retrieval method for FY-3B(MWRI). Based on the traditional empirical model of retrieving sea surface wind speed, and in the case of small sample size of FY-3B satellite load regression analysis, this paper analyzes the channel differences between the FY-3B satellite microwave radiation imager(MWRI) and TMI onboard the TRMM. The paper also analyzes the influence of these differences on the channel in terms of receiving temperature, including channel frequency, sensitivity and scaling precision. Then, the limited range of new model coefficient regression analysis is determined(in which the channel range settings include the information and features of channel differences), the regression methods of the finite field are proposed, and the empirical model of wind speed retrieval applicable to MWRI is obtained, which achieves robust results. Compared to the TAO buoy data, the mean deviation of the new model is 0.4 m/s, and the standard deviation is 1.2 m/s. In addition,the schematic diagram of the tropical sea surface wind speed retrieval is provided.

关键词： microwave radiometry tropical sea surface wind MWRI FY-3B

satellite remote sensing of volcanic ash cloud in complicated meteorological conditions

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Science China Earth Sciences 2011年第11期54卷 1789-1795页

作者： ZHU Lin LIU Jian LIU Cheng WANG Meng national satellite meteorological center of China meteorological administration Beijing 100081 China

Volcanic ash cloud has serious impacts on *** volcanic ash dispersion,it also has a profound and long-term impact on climate and the environment.A new volcanic ash cloud detecting method (SWIR-TIR Volcanic Ash method,STVA) is presented that uses satellite images of Medium Resolution Spectral Imager (MERSI) and Visible and Infrared Radiometer (VIRR) on board the second generation Polar-Orbiting meteorological satellite of China (FY-3A).STVA is applied in detecting Iceland's Eyjafjallajokull volcano *** with the traditional Split Window Temperature Difference method (SWTD),the results show that STVA is more sensitive to volcanic ash cloud than SWTD and can fairly extract volcanic ash information from the background of meteorological cloud and the *** Radiance Index (ARI) and Absorbing Aerosol Index (AAI) derived from Metop-A satellite images are used to validate the performance of *** is shown that STVA provides similar results with ARI and ***-3A/MERSI,VIRR and Terra /MODIS data are used to test STVA and *** is demonstrated that STVA derived from FY-3A satellite data is more effective in complicated meteorological *** study shows great potential of using China's own new generation satellite data in future global volcanic ash cloud monitoring operation.

关键词： FY-3A/MERSI FY-3A/VIRR volcanic ash cloud Split Window Temperature Difference method SWIR-TIR VolcanicAsh method

Fengyun meteorological satellite Products for Earth System Science Applications

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Advances in Atmospheric Sciences 2021年第8期38卷 1267-1284页

作者： Di XIAN Peng ZHANG Ling GAO Ruijing SUN Haizhen ZHANG Xu JIA national satellite meteorological center China Meteorological AdministrationBeijing 100081China

Following the progress of satellite data assimilation in the 1990s, the combination of meteorological satellites and numerical models has changed the way scientists understand the earth. With the evolution of numerical weather prediction models and earth system models, meteorological satellites will play a more important role in earth sciences in the future. As part of the space-based infrastructure, the Fengyun (FY) meteorological satellites have contributed to earth science sustainability studies through an open data policy and stable data quality since the first launch of the FY-1A satellite in 1988. The capability of earth system monitoring was greatly enhanced after the second-generation polar orbiting FY-3 satellites and geostationary orbiting FY-4 satellites were developed. Meanwhile, the quality of the products generated from the FY-3 and FY-4 satellites is comparable to the well-known MODIS products. FY satellite data has been utilized broadly in weather forecasting, climate and climate change investigations, environmental disaster monitoring, etc. This article reviews the instruments mounted on the FY satellites. Sensor-dependent level 1 products (radiance data) and inversion algorithm-dependent level 2 products (geophysical parameters) are introduced. As an example, some typical geophysical parameters, such as wildfires, lightning, vegetation indices, aerosol products, soil moisture, and precipitation estimation have been demonstrated and validated by in-situ observations and other well-known satellite products. To help users access the FY products, a set of data sharing systems has been developed and operated. The newly developed data sharing system based on cloud technology has been illustrated to improve the efficiency of data delivery.

关键词： Fengyun meteorological satellite sensor-dependent level 1 product inversion algorithm-dependent level 2 product product validation