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Role of the globus pallidus in motor and non-motor symptoms of Parkinson's disease

Neural Regeneration Research 2025年第6期20卷 1628-1643页

作者： Yimiao Jiang Zengxin Qi Huixian Zhu Kangli Shen Ruiqi Liu Chenxin Fang Weiwei Lou Yifan Jiang Wangrui Yuan Xin Cao Liang Chen Qianxing Zhuang Department of Physiology School of MedicineNantong UniversityNantongJiangsu ProvinceChina Department of Neurosurgery Huashan HospitalShanghai Medical CollegeFudan UniversityShanghaiChina national Center for Neurological Disorders ShanghaiChina Shanghai key laboratory of Brain Function Restoration and Neural Regeneration ShanghaiChina State key laboratory of Medical Neurobiology and MOE Frontiers Center for Brain Science Institute of Brain ScienceFudan UniversityShanghaiChina

The globus pallidus plays a pivotal role in the basal ganglia circuit. Parkinson's disease is characterized by degeneration of dopamine-producing cells in the substantia nigra, which leads to dopamine deficiency in the brain that subsequently manifests as various motor and non-motor symptoms. This review aims to summarize the involvement of the globus pallidus in both motor and non-motor manifestations of Parkinson's disease. The firing activities of parvalbumin neurons in the medial globus pallidus, including both the firing rate and pattern, exhibit strong correlations with the bradykinesia and rigidity associated with Parkinson's disease. Increased beta oscillations, which are highly correlated with bradykinesia and rigidity, are regulated by the lateral globus pallidus. Furthermore,bradykinesia and rigidity are strongly linked to the loss of dopaminergic projections within the cortical-basal ganglia-thalamocortical loop. Resting tremors are attributed to the transmission of pathological signals from the basal ganglia through the motor cortex to the cerebellum-ventral intermediate nucleus circuit. The cortico–striato–pallidal loop is responsible for mediating pallidi-associated sleep disorders. Medication and deep brain stimulation are the primary therapeutic strategies addressing the globus pallidus in Parkinson's disease. Medication is the primary treatment for motor symptoms in the early stages of Parkinson's disease, while deep brain stimulation has been clinically proven to be effective in alleviating symptoms in patients with advanced Parkinson's disease,particularly for the movement disorders caused by levodopa. Deep brain stimulation targeting the globus pallidus internus can improve motor function in patients with tremordominant and non-tremor-dominant Parkinson's disease, while deep brain stimulation targeting the globus pallidus externus can alter the temporal pattern of neural activity throughout the basal ganglia–thalamus network. Therefore, the comp

关键词： anxiety basal ganglia bradykinesia deep brain stimulation depression globus pallidus externus globus pallidus internus lateral globus pallidus medial globus pallidus neural circuit Parkinson's disease

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A resistorless CMOS current reference with temperature compensation

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Journal of Semiconductors 2011年第3期32卷 112-115页

作者：严伟田鑫李文宏刘冉 State key laboratory of asic & Systems Fudan University

A resistorless CMOS current reference is *** compensation is achieved by subtracting two sub-currents with different positive temperature *** circuit has been implemented with a Chartered0.35μm CMOS *** output current is 1.5μA,and the circuit works properly with a supply voltage down to 2 *** results show that the temperature coefficient is 98 ppm/℃,and the line regulation is 0.45%/*** occupied chip area is 0.065 mm;.

关键词： current reference resistorless temperature compensation

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Analysis and design of power efficient semi-passive RFID tag

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Journal of Semiconductors 2010年第7期31卷 144-150页

作者：车文毅关硕王肖熊廷文奚经天谈熙闫娜闵昊 State key laboratory of asic and System Auto-ID LaboratoryFudan University

The analysis and design of a semi-passive radio frequency identification（RFID） tag is *** studying the power transmission link of the backscatter RFID system and exploiting a power conversion efficiency model for a multi-stage AC-DC charge pump,the calculation method for semi-passive tag＇s read range is *** to different read range limitation factors,an intuitive way to define the specifications of tag＇s power budget and backscatter modulation index is given.A test chip is implemented in SMIC 0.18μm standard CMOS technology under the guidance of theoretical *** main building blocks are the threshold compensated charge pump and low power wake-up circuit using the power triggering wake-up *** proposed semi-passive tag is fully compatible to EPC C1G2 *** has a compact chip size of 0.54 mm^2,and is adaptable to batteries with a 1.2 to 2.4 V output voltage.

关键词： RFID semi-passive tag power conversion efficiency AC-DC charge pump wake-up circuit

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A 1.0 V differential VCO in 0.13 μm CMOS technology

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Journal of Semiconductors 2011年第2期32卷 126-129页

作者：曹圣国韩科锋谈熙闫娜闵昊 State key laboratory of asic & System Fudan University

A differential complementary LC voltage controlled oscillator （VCO） with high Q on-chip inductor is presented. The parallel resonator of the VCO consists of inversion-mode MOS （I-MOS） capacitors and an on-chip inductor. The resonator Q factor is mainly limited by the on-chip inductor. It is optimized by designing a single turn inductor that has a simulated Q factor of about 35 at 6 GHz. The proposed VCO is implemented in the SMIC 0.13μm 1P8M MMRF CMOS process, and the chip area is 1.0 ×0.8 mm2. The free-running frequency is from 5.73 to 6.35 GHz. When oscillating at 6,35 GHz, the current consumption is 2.55 mA from a supply voltage of 1.0 V and the measured phase noise at 1 MHz offset is -120.14 dBc/Hz. The figure of merit of the proposed VCO is -192.13 dBc/Hz.

关键词： differential voltage controlled oscillator CMOS inversion-mode MOS capacitors on-chip inductors

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Design and optimization of an ultra-wide frequency range CMOS divide-by-two circuit

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Journal of Semiconductors 2010年第11期31卷 122-126页

作者：陆波梅年松陈虎洪志良 State key laboratory of asic and System Fudan University

A novel toggled flip-flop（TFF） divide-by-two circuit（DTC） and its optimization method based on a large-signal analysis approach are *** reducing the output RC constant in tracking mode and making it large in latching mode,compressing the internal signal swing as well as compensating the current leaked in the latching mode, the operating frequency range is greatly *** in a SMIC 0.13μm RF CMOS process with a 1.2 V power supply,it can work under an ultra-wide frequency band ranging from 320 MHz to 29.6 *** results show that two phase-locked loops（PLLs） with the proposed DTC can achieve in-band phase noise of-94 dBc/Hz @ 10 kHz under 4224 MHz operating frequency and-84 dBc/Hz @ 10 kHz under 10 GHz operating frequency,respectively. The power consumption of the proposed DTC is reduced by almost 50%compared with the conventional counterparts.

关键词： TFF DTC PLL ultra-wide frequency range optimization method in-band phase noise

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A 60-dB linear VGA with novel exponential gain approximation

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Journal of Semiconductors 2009年第6期30卷 111-115页

作者：周嘉业谈熙王俊宇唐长文闵昊 State key laboratory of asic & System Fudan University

A CMOS variable gain amplifier（VGA） that adopts a novel exponential gain approximation is *** additional exponential gain control circuit is required in the proposed VGA used in a direct conversion receiver.A wide gain control voltage from 0.4 to 1.8 V and a high linearity performance are *** three-stage VGA with automatic gain control（AGC） and DC offset cancellation（DCOC） is fabricated in a 0.18-μm CMOS technology and shows a linear gain range of more than 58-dB with a linearity error less than ±1 *** 3-dB bandwidth is over 8 MHz at all gain *** measured input-referred third intercept point（IIP3） of the proposed VGA varies from-18.1 to 13.5 dBm,and the measured noise figure varies from 27 to 65 dB at a frequency of 1 *** dynamic range of the closed-loop AGC exceeds 56 dB,where the output signal-to-noise-and-distortion ratio（SNDR） reaches 20 *** whole circuit,occupying 0.3 mm^2 of chip area,dissipates less than 3.7 mA from a 1.8-V supply.

关键词： variable gain amplifier dB-linear auto gain control direct conversion receiver

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All-CMOS temperature compensated current reference

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Journal of Semiconductors 2010年第6期31卷 157-160页

作者：赵喆周锋黄圣专 State key laboratory of asic & System Fudan University

This paper presents a novel temperature independent current reference based on the theory of mutual compensation of mobility and threshold *** is completely compatible with standard *** experiment results indicate that the temperature coefficient of this current reference is less than 290 ppm/℃over a temperature range from-20 to 110℃.

关键词： CMOS integrated circuits current reference temperature compensation

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A current-steering self-calibration 14-bit 100-MSPs DAC

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Journal of Semiconductors 2010年第12期31卷 129-133页

作者：邱东方盛李冉谢任重易婷洪志良 State key laboratory of asic and System Fudan University

This paper presents the design and implementation of a 14-bit, 100 MS/s CMOS digital-to-analog converter （DAC）. Analog background self-calibration based on the concept of analog current trimming is introduced. A constant clock load switch driver, a calibration period randomization circuit and a return-to-zero output stage have been adopted to improve the dynamic performance. The chip has been manufactured in a SMIC 0.13-μm process and occupies 1.33 × 0.97 mm2 of the core area. The current consumption is 50 mA under 1.2/3.3 V dual power supplies for digital and analog, respectively. The measured differential and integral nonlinearity is 3.1 LSB and 4.3 LSB, respectively. The SFDR is 72.8 dB at a 1 MHz signal and a 100 MHz sampling frequency.

关键词： DAC high speed high resolution self-calibration calibration period randomization

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Low-cost low-power UHF RFID tag with on-chip antenna

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Journal of Semiconductors 2009年第7期30卷 137-142页

作者：奚经天闫娜车文毅徐琮辉王肖杨玉庆菅洪彦闵昊 State key laboratory of asic & System Auto-ID laboratory Fudan University

This paper presents an EPC Class 1 Generation 2 compatible tag with on-chip antenna implemented in the SMIC 0.18 μm standard CMOS *** UHF tag chip includes an RF/analog front-end, a digital baseband, and a 640-bit EEPROM *** on-chip antenna is optimized based on a novel parasitic-aware *** rectifier is optimized to achieve a power conversion efficiency up to 40% by applying a self-bias feedback and threshold compensation techniques.A good match between the tag circuits and the on-chip antenna is realized by adjusting the rectifier input *** show that the presented tag can achieve a communication range of 1 cm with 1 W reader output power using a 1 × 1 cm2 single-turn loop reader antenna.

关键词： RFID tag on-chip antenna rectifier low-cost low-power

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A low power 3-5 GHz CMOS UWB receiver front-end

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Journal of Semiconductors 2009年第3期30卷 109-113页

作者：李伟男黄煜梅洪志良 State key laboratory of asic & System Fudan University

A novel low power RF receiver front-end for 3-5 GHz UWB is presented. Designed in the 0.13μm CMOS process, the direct conversion receiver features a wideband balun-coupled noise cancelling transconductance input stage, followed by quadrature passive mixers and transimpedance loading amplifiers. Measurement results show that the receiver achieves an input return loss below -8.5 dB across the 3.1-4.7 GHz frequency range, maximum voltage conversion gain of 27 dB, minimum noise figure of 4 dB, IIP3 of -11.5 dBm, and IIP2 of 33 dBm. Working under 1.2 V supply voltage, the receiver consumes total current of 18 mA including 10 mA by on-chip quadrature LO signal generation and buffer circuits. The chip area with pads is 1.1 × 1.5 mm^2.

关键词： UWB direct-conversion receiver low power RF CMOS passive mixer

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