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Experimental Study on Geometry Characteristics of Turbulent Premixed Flames for Natural Gas/Air Mixtures

Journal of Thermal science 2025年第1期34卷 268-282页

作者： ZHENG Weilin WANG Qijiao XIAO Huahua CHEN Xiaoxiao XIE Fan ZENG Wen Liaoning key lab of Advanced Test technology for Aerospace Propulsion System Shenyang Aerospace University State key laboratory of Fire science University of science and Technology of China AVIC Shenyang Aircraft Design and Research Institute

In this study,focusing on the geometry characteristics of spherical expanding flame,the turbulent premixed flames of natural gas/air mixtures were investigated in a fan-stirred turbulent *** effects of initial temperature（T=300-400 K）,initial pressure（P=0.1-0.3 MPa）,turbulence intensity（u'=1.0-2.7 m/s）,oxygen volumetric percentage(φ（O2）=15%-21%) and carbon dioxide volumetric percentage(φ（CO2）=0-20%)were delved *** flame profile under the Cartesian coordinate system was derived from the schlieren images taken by the high-speed ***,from both macroscopic and microscopic perspectives,the influence of experimental conditions on the flame geometry characteristics was explored through flame front extraction,wavelet decomposition and network *** results demonstrate that for significant flame wrinkling,changes in species concentrations and turbulence intensity have more pronounced effects on the flame wrinkling *** wrinkling of the flame front maintains a certain degree of similarity,as evidenced by the locally concentrated distribution of the angles of the maximum fluctuation *** disturbance energy under large-scale（D6-D8） disturbances exhibits relatively high values with a similar trend,exerting a significant impact on the geometry characteristics of the flame *** peaks of correlation degree are scattered either with the decomposition scale or the development of flame radius,indicating no linear correlation between different detail ***,the probability distribution of node degrees in key wrinkled regions exhibits different trends with that of large-scale wrinkling and disturbance energy,especially with changes in initial *** occurs because the number of key wrinkles varies based on the perturbation's strength or the region's ***,an increase in the fluctuation frequency of the flame's local radius may not necessarily lead to an increase in the number of key folded regions.

关键词： fan-stirred turbulent combustor geometry characteristics large-scale wrinkling network topology wavelet decomposition

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Inexact proximal gradient algorithm with random reshuffling for nonsmooth optimization

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science China(Information sciences) 2025年第1期68卷 219-237页

作者： Xia JIANG Yanyan FANG Xianlin ZENG Jian SUN Jie CHEN national key lab of Autonomous Intelligent Unmanned Systems School of AutomationBeijing Institute of Technology Beijing Institute of technology Chongqing Innovation Center School of Electronic and Information Engineering Tongji University

Proximal gradient algorithms are popularly implemented to achieve convex optimization with nonsmooth regularization. Obtaining the exact solution of the proximal operator for nonsmooth regularization is challenging because errors exist in the computation of the gradient; consequently, the design and application of inexact proximal gradient algorithms have attracted considerable attention from researchers. This paper proposes computationally efficient basic and inexact proximal gradient descent algorithms with random reshuffling. The proposed stochastic algorithms take randomly reshuffled data to perform successive gradient descents and implement only one proximal operator after all data pass through. We prove the convergence results of the proposed proximal gradient algorithms under the sampling-without-replacement reshuffling *** computational errors exist in gradients and proximal operations, the proposed inexact proximal gradient algorithms can converge to an optimal solution neighborhood. Finally, we apply the proposed algorithms to compressed sensing and compare their efficiency with some popular algorithms.

关键词： proximal operator random reshuffling inexact computation compressed sensing nonsmooth optimization

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Formation and evolution of supercritical geofluid

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science China Earth sciences 2025年第1期68卷 39-51页

作者： Huaiwei NI Yilin XIAO Xiaolin XIONG Xiandong LIU Chunxiao GAO Yi-Xiang CHEN Yunguo LI Wan-Cai LI Xuan GUO Yang-Yang WANG Dong-Bo TAN Li ZHANG State key laboratory of Lithospheric and Environmental Coevolution University of Science and Technology of China Deep Space Exploration laboratory/School of Earth and Space sciences University of Science and Technology of China Guangzhou Institute of Geochemistry Chinese Academy of Sciences School of Earth sciences and Engineering Nanjing University State key lab of Superhard Materials Jilin University

In this work, we provide a comprehensive review on the formation, evolution, properties, and effects of supercritical geofluid. In Earth's interior, enhanced miscibility between H2O and silicate by the addition of special components or by the increase of pressure and temperature gives rise to supercritical geofluid with a significant amount of both H2O and silicate *** formation of supercritical geofluid in magmatic-hydrothermal systems, typified by pegmatite system, is governed by meltfluid critical curve. The formation of supercritical geofluid in metamorphic systems, typified by subducted slab, is governed by the second critical end point. Experimental results suggest that the presence of boron and fluorine in pegmatite system makes it possible to form supercritical geofluid at crustal depths, but the release of supercritical geofluid from subducted slab is withheld until almost 100 km depth. A major presence of both H2O and depolymerized structural units（monomers, dimers, etc.） endows supercritical geofluid with unique physical properties including low density, low elastic moduli, low viscosity, high diffusivity,and high electrical conductivity. Supercritical geofluid can effectively mobilize a variety of elements even including high field strength elements and heavy rare earth elements. The chemical signatures of supercritical geofluid can be inherited by metasomatized mantle and mantle-derived melts, and this could give an explanation of the oxidation of arc magmas. Phase separation of supercritical geofluid through the mechanism of spinodal decomposition leads to formation of a melt network. Multiphase fluid inclusions recovered from subduction zone rocks and pegmatites are possible relics of supercritical geofluid. Supercritical geofluid can cause electrical anomaly and low seismic velocity near the top of subducted slab, and can be linked with intermediate-focus earthquakes. Supercritical geofluid may have played a crucial role in the formation of pe

关键词： Supercritical geofluid Miscibility Subduction zone Pegmatite

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Dielectric-ion-conductive ZnNb2O6 layer enabling rapid desolvation and diffusion for dendrite-free Zn metal batteries

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Journal of Energy Chemistry 2025年第1期100卷 693-701页

作者： Haifeng Yang Jian Wang Panpan Zhang Xiaomin Cheng Qinghua Guan Jing Dong Bixian Chen Lujie Jia Jing Zhang Yongzheng Zhang Yunjian Liu Hongzhen Lin School of Materials science and Engineering Jiangsu University i-lab & CAS key laboratory of Nanophotonic Materials and Devices Suzhou Institute of Nano-Tech and Nano-Bionics Chinese Academy of Sciences Helmholtz Institute Ulm (HIU) Karlsruhe Institute of technology (KIT) School of Materials science and Engineering Xi'an University of Technology State key laboratory of Chemical Engineering East China University of Science and Technology

Rechargeable aqueous zinc-metal batteries （AZMBs） are promising candidates for large-scale energy storage systems due to their low cost and high ***,their performance and sustainability are significantly hindered by the sluggish desolvation kinetics at the electrode/electrolyte interface and the corresponding hydrogen evolution reaction where active water molecules tightly participate in the Zn（H2O）62+solvation ***,learnt from self-generated solid electrolyte interphase （SEI） in anodes,the dielectric but ion-conductive zinc niobate nanoparticles artificial layer is constructed on metallic Zn surface （ZNB@Zn）,acting as a rapid desolvation *** zincophilic and dielectric-conductive properties of ZNB layer accelerate interfacial desolvation/diffusion and suppress surface corrosion or dendrite formation,achieving uniform Zn plating/stripping behavior,as confirmed by electronic/optical microscopies and interface spectroscopical measurements together with theoretical ***,the as-prepared ZNB@Zn electrode exhibits excellent cycling stability of over 2000 h and robust reversibility （99.54%） even under high current density and depth of discharge ***,the assembled ZNB@Zn-based full cell displays high capacity-retention rate of 80.21%after 3000 cycles at 5 A g-1and outstanding rate performance up to 10 A *** large-areal pouch cell is stabilized for hundreds of cycles,highlighting the bright prospects of the dielectric but ion-conductive layer in further application of AZMBs.

关键词： Zn metal battery Dielectric artificial layer Rapid ion diffusion Zincophilic diffusion Active water inhibition

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When AI meets sustainable 6G

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science China(Information sciences) 2025年第1期68卷 4-22页

作者： Xiaohu YOU Yongming HUANG Cheng ZHANG Jiaheng WANG Hao YIN Hequan WU national Mobile communications Research laboratory Southeast University Purple Mountain laboratories Chinese Academy of Military science China Information Communication Technologies Group

Sixth-generation(6G) networks are anticipated to achieve transformative advancements, characterized by extreme connectivity, deep integration with artificial intelligence(AI) and sensing, and airground integration. The evolution of 6G exhibits two major trends: ubiquitous intelligence and sustainability. The former aims to embed state-of-the-art AI technology into the 6G network, from the physical layers to applications, while the latter emphasizes reducing energy consumption while enhancing network performance to address environmental concerns. Despite the amazing progress in recent years, AI advancements come with substantial increases in data and computational overhead, posing critical challenges for integrating AI into sustainable 6G networks. First, high energy consumption from large datasets and heavyweight AI models contradicts6G's green goals. Second, the precise collection of large datasets, message delivery latency, and inference delays in AI models pose challenges for real-time tasks in 6G. Third, the uninterpretability and unpredictability of AI models complicate meeting the stringent requirements for controllable transmission in dynamic wireless environments. Addressing these challenges and achieving sustainable 6G with ubiquitous intelligence calls for a revolutionary design of 6G architecture and AI frameworks. To this end, this paper introduces a novel and practical methodology for green, real-time, and controllable 6G native intelligence,starting with knowledge graph(KG) analysis to extract small but critical datasets, followed by the development of distributed lightweight AI models, and the use of digital twins(DTs) to create precise replicas of physical 6G networks. This leads to a pervasive multi-level(PML)-AI framework supported by a task-centric, three-layer 6G architecture. The AI framework operates through non-real-time and real-time cycles, leveraging three key technologies: wireless data KGs for efficient data management,lightweight AI mode

关键词： artificial intelligence sustainable 6G green real-time controllable

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Propagating subduction initiation of the Caroline Plate at the Mussau Trench

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science China Earth sciences 2025年第1期68卷 253-269页

作者： Chun-Feng LI Yongkang DENG Tao WU Dongdong DONG Guoliang ZHANG Jiazheng ZHANG Yutao LIU Yaqing LI Fugui TANG Lulu ZHANG Department of Marine sciences Zhejiang University laboratory of Marine Mineral Resources Laoshan Laboratory key lab of Marine Geology and Environment Institute of Oceanology Chinese Academy of Sciences key lab of Ocean and Marginal Sea Geology South China Sea Institute of Oceanology Chinese Academy of Sciences science & technology on Integrated Information System lab Institute of Software Chinese Academy of Sciences

New seismic imaging from the Mussau Trench confirms that, under horizontal compression on an oceanic plate boundary, it is within the young and weak oceanic plate that a trench will develop, and it is the young plate, not so long after its birth, that starts to subduct toward the old plate. The Mesozoic Pacific Plate cannot easily bend, under the joint horizontal compression and vertical gravity pull, even with a pre-existing weak zone in place and with a large age offset across the plate boundary. The bending of the Caroline Plate near the northern end of the Mussau Trench started only after a long-time span of trench migration, and/or after a prolonged transition from initial compression to trench development. Highly contrasting trench deformation and sedimentary accretion between two parallel seismic sections support an evident migration of underthrusting or significant longitudinal heterogeneity along the trench. The swift transition from underthrusting to non-thrusting can be explained by a counter-clockwise rotation of the Caroline Plate. That miniature accretionary wedges develop even before the subduction initiates imply strong compression and uplifting before the underthrusting can kick-start. Rotation of the Caroline Plate have been halted as the Mussau Trench is seismically rather quiet and the Lyra Trough to the east shows relaxational extension.

关键词： Mussau Trench Subduction initiation Seismic reflection Caroline Plate

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Visualization of the protective role of estrogen against female liver fibrosis via an ER viscosity NIR fluorescent probe

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science China Chemistry 2025年第1期68卷 360-368页

作者： Zheng Liu Changyu Zhang Zipeng Li Wanying Ma Jia Liu Xiang Xia Ning Xu Wen Sun Jianjun Du Jiangli Fan Xiaojun Peng State key laboratory of Fine Chemicals Dalian University of Technology Ningbo Institute of Dalian University of technology

Endoplasmic reticulum(ER) viscosity has emerged as a new potential biomarker for hepatic fibrosis(HF). Herein, we report the first ER-targeting viscosity-responsive near-infrared(NIR) fluorescent probe HBT-PP for investigations of HF *** twisted intramolecular charge transfer(TICT) and the excited state intramolecular proton transfer(ESIPT) are combined to endow HBT-PP with the selective response towards viscosity(～62-fold) and a super large stokes shift(～320 nm). HBT-PP mainly targets organelle ER and is able to image the drug-or alcohol-induced viscosity elevation in living cells. Significantly,HBT-PP was successfully applied to visualize the gender difference in HF and the protective role of estrogen in restraining HF progression. Of note, after 10 min of stain with HBT-PP, HF lesions showed a stage-based response, indicating the potential of this probe in fast and early diagnosis of HF. These results clearly demonstrated the promising application of HBT-PP as a new tool for exploring ER viscosity-involved physiological and pathological processes.

关键词： NIR fluorescent probe ER viscosity hepatic fibrosis gender difference estrogen

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Recent progress on photoactive nonprecious transition-metal complexes

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science China Chemistry 2025年第1期68卷 46-95页

作者： Zhong-Liang Gong Hong-Jie Zhang Yan Cheng Jianxun Liu Yuhan Ai Yaqin Li Zhihui Feng Qiong Zhang Shaolong Gong Yong Chen Chang-Jiang Yao Yuan-Yuan Zhu Liang-Jin Xu Yu-Wu Zhong CAS key laboratory of Photochemistry Institute of Chemistry Chinese Academy of Sciences State key laboratory of Structural Cemistry Fujian Institute of Research on the Structure of Matter Chinese Academy of Sciences School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering Anhui Key Laboratory of Advanced Catalytic Materials and Reaction EngineeringHefei University of Technology State key laboratory of Explosion science and Safety Protection School of Mechatronical Engineering Beijing Institute of Technology College of Chemistry and Molecular sciences Hubei Key Lab on Organic and Polymeric Optoelectronic Materials Wuhan University School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering Anhui University key laboratory of Photochemical Conversion and Optoelectronic Materials & CAS-HKU Joint laboratory on New Materials Technical Institute of Physics and Chemistry Chinese Academy of Sciences

Photoactive complexes of nonprecious transition metals, mainly including those in the first-row and partially the second-row of the Periodic table of elements, have received increasing attention in view of their low cost and long-term sustainability. They are recognized as promising alternatives to noble transition metal complex congeners that have been extensively studied in optoelectronic devices, artificial photosynthesis, photocatalysis, biodiagnostics, and therapeutics, etc. This review is devoted to a comprehensive summary on the classical and recent advances on photoactive nonprecious transition metal complexes, including photoactive Zr, V, Cr, Mo, and W complexes, Mn complexes and hybrids, Fe, Co, Ni, and Cu complexes, and Zn and Cd complexes and hybrids. A particular focus is given on the molecular design, modulation of photophysical and photochemical properties, and applications of the representative and lately-developed nonprecious metal complexes. In addition, a perspective on the future development in this field is provided at the end of this review.

关键词： photoactive metal complexes earth-abundant metals nonprecious metal complexes luminescence photochemistry

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Efficient and Stable Photoassisted Lithium‑Ion Battery Enabled by Photocathode with Synergistically Boosted Carriers Dynamics

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Nano-Micro Letters 2025年第3期17卷 440-454页

作者： Zelin Ma Shiyao Wang Zhuangzhuang Ma Juan Li Luomeng Zhao Zhihuan Li Shiyuan Wang Yazhou Shuang Jiulong Wang Fang Wang Weiwei Xia Jie Jian Yibo He Junjie Wang Pengfei Guo Hongqiang Wang State key laboratory of Solidification Processing Center for Nano Energy MaterialsSchool of Materials Science and EngineeringNorthwestern Polytechnical University and Shaanxi Joint Laboratory of Graphene(NPU)Xi’an 710072People’s Republic of China State key laboratory of Solidification Processing School of Materials Science and Engineering DepartmentNorthwestern Polytechnical UniversityXi’an 710072People’s Republic of China State key laboratory of Solidification Processing Center of Advanced Lubrication and Seal MaterialsSchool of Materials Science and EngineeringNorthwestern Polytechnical UniversityXi’an 710072People’s Republic of China Research and Development Institute of Northwestern Polytechnical University in Shenzhen Shenzhen 518063People’s Republic of China key laboratory of Applied Surface and Colloid Chemistry Shaanxi Key Laboratory for Advanced Energy DevicesShaanxi Engineering Lab for Advanced Energy TechnologySchool of Materials Science and EngineeringNational Ministry of EducationShaanxi Normal UniversityXi’an 710119People’s Republic of China

Efficient and stable photocathodes with versatility are of significance in photoassisted lithium-ion batteries(PLIBs),while there is always a request on fast carrier transport in electrochemical active *** work proposes a general approach of creating bulk heterojunction to boost the carrier mobility of photocathodes by simply laser assisted embedding of plasmonic *** employed in PLIBs,it was found effective for synchronously enhanced photocharge separation and transport in light charging ***,experimental photon spectroscopy,finite difference time domain method simulation and theoretical analyses demonstrate that the improved carrier dynamics are driven by the plasmonic-induced hot electron injection from metal to TiO_(2),as well as the enhanced conductivity in TiO2 matrix due to the formation of oxygen vacancies after Schottky *** from these merits,several benchmark values in performance of TiO2-based photocathode applied in PLIBs are set,including the capacity of 276 mAh g^(−1)at 0.2 A g^(−1)under illumination,photoconversion efficiency of 1.276%at 3 A g^(−1),less capacity and Columbic efficiency loss even through 200 *** results exemplify the potential of the bulk heterojunction strategy in developing highly efficient and stable photoassisted energy storage systems.

关键词： Photoassisted lithium-ion batteries Bulk heterojunction Carrier dynamics TiO2 nanofiber Plasmonic metal nanocrystals

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E-PRedictor: an approach for early prediction of pull request acceptance

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science China(Information sciences) 2025年

作者： Kexing CHEN Lingfeng BAO Xing HU Xin XIA Xiaohu YANG State key laboratory of Blockchain and Data Security Zhejiang University Software Engineering Application technology lab

A pull request (PR) is an event in Git where a contributor asks project maintainers to review code he/she wants to merge into a project. The PR mechanism greatly improves the efficiency of distributed software development in the opensource community. Nevertheless, the massive number of PRs in an open-source software (OSS) project increases the workload of developers. To reduce the burden on developers, many previous studies have investigated factors that affect the chance of PRs getting accepted and built prediction models based on these factors. However, most prediction models are built on the data after PRs are submitted for a while (e.g., comments on PRs), making them not useful in practice. Because integrators still need to spend a large amount of effort on inspecting PRs. In this study, we propose an approach named E-PRedictor (earlier PR predictor) to predict whether a PR will be merged when it is created. E-PRedictor combines three dimensions of manual statistic features (i.e., contributor profile, specific pull request, and project profile) and deep semantic features generated by BERT models based on the description and code changes of PRs. To evaluate the performance of E-PRedictor, we collect475192 PRs from 49 popular open-source projects on GitHub. The experiment results show that our proposed approach can effectively predict whether a PR will be merged or not. E-PRedictor outperforms the baseline models (e.g., Random Forest and VDCNN) built on manual features significantly. In terms of F1@Merge, F1@Reject, and AUC (area under the receiver operating characteristic curve), the performance of E-PRedictor is 90.1%, 60.5%, and 85.4%, respectively.

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