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Structure-based design of pan-coronavirus inhibitors targeting host cathepsin L and calpain-1

Signal Transduction and Targeted Therapy 2024年第4期9卷 1651-1664页

作者： Xiong Xie Qiaoshuai Lan Jinyi Zhao Sulin Zhang Lu Liu Yumin Zhang Wei Xu Maolin Shao Jingjing Peng Shuai Xia Yan Zhu Keke Zhang Xianglei Zhang Ruxue Zhang jian Li Wenhao Dai Zhen Ge Shulei Hu Changyue Yu Jiang Wang Dakota Ma Mingyue Zheng Haitao Yang Gengfu Xiao Zihe Rao Lu Lu Leike Zhang Fang Bai Yao Zhao Shibo Jiang Hong Liu drug Discovery and Design Center State Key Laboratory of Drug ResearchCAS Key Laboratory of Receptor ResearchShanghai Institute of Materia MedicaChinese Academy of SciencesShanghai 201203China University of Chinese Academy of Sciences Beijing 100049China key laboratory of Medical Molecular Virology(MOE/NHC/CAMS) School of Basic Medical SciencesShanghai Institute of Infectious Disease and BiosecurityFudan UniversityShanghai 200032China Shanghai institute for Advanced Immunochemical Studies and School of Life Science and Technology ShanghaiTech UniversityShanghai 201210China State key laboratory of Virology Wuhan Institute of VirologyCenter for Biosafety Mega-ScienceChinese Academy of SciencesWuhan 430071China School of Chinese Materia Medica Nanjing University of Chinese Medicine138 Xian Lin RoadJiangsu 210023 NanjingChina School of Pharmaceutical Science and Technology Hangzhou Institute for Advanced StudyUCASHangzhou 310024China national Clinical Research Center for Infectious Disease Shenzhen Third People's HospitalShenzhen 518112China

Respiratory disease caused by coronavirus infection remains a global health crisis.Although several SARS-CoV-2-specific vaccines and direct-acting antivirals are available,their effcacy on emerging coronaviruses in the future,including SARS-CoV-2 variants,might be compromised.Host-targeting antivirals provide preventive and therapeutic strategies to overcome resistance and manage future outbreak of emerging coronaviruses.Cathepsin L(CTSL)and calpain-1(CAPN1)are host cysteine proteases which play crucial roles in coronaviral entrance into cells and infection-related immune response.Here,two peptidomimetic a-ketoamide compounds,14a and 14b,were identified as potent dual target inhibitors against CTSL and CAPN1.The X-ray crystal structures of human CTSL and CAPN1 in complex with 14a and 14b revealed the covalent binding of a-ketoamide groups of 14a and 14b to C25 of CTSL and C115 of CAPN1.Both showed potent and broad-spectrum anticoronaviral activities in vitro,and it is worth noting that they exhibited low nanomolar potency against SARS-CoV-2 and its variants of concern(VOCs)with ECso values ranging from 0.80 to 161.7 nM in various cells.Preliminary mechanistic exploration indicated that they exhibited anticoronaviral activity through blocking viral entrance.Moreover,14a and 14b exhibited good oral pharmacokinetic properties in mice,rats and dogs,and favorable safety in mice.In addition,both 14a and 14b treatments demonstrated potent antiviral potency against SARS-CoV-2 XBB 1.16 variant infection in a K18-hACE2 transgenic mouse model.And 14b also showed effective antiviral activity against HCoV-OC43 infection in a mouse model with a final survival rate of 60%.Further evaluation showed that 14a and 14b exhibited excellent antiinflammatory effects in Raw 264.7 mouse macrophages and in mice with acute pneumonia.Taken together,these results suggested that 14a and 14b are promising drug candidates,providing novel insight into developing pan-coronavirus inhibitors with antiviral and anti-inflammatory properties.

关键词： calpain overcome entrance

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Neuronal conversion from glia to replenish the lost neurons

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Neural Regeneration Research 2024年第7期19卷 1446-1453页

作者： Shiyu Liang Jing Zhou Xiaolin Yu Shuai Lu Ruitian Liu national key laboratory of Biochemical Engineering Institute of Process EngineeringChinese Academy of SciencesBeijingChina School of Chemical Engineering University of Chinese Academy of SciencesBeijingChina Department of Geriatric Rehabilitation Beijing Rehabilitation HospitalCapital Medical UniversityBeijingChina

Neuronal injury,aging,and cerebrovascular and neurodegenerative diseases such as cerebral infarction,Alzheimer’s disease,Parkinson’s disease,frontotemporal dementia,amyotrophic lateral sclerosis,and Huntington’s disease are characte rized by significant neuronal loss.Unfo rtunately,the neurons of most mammals including humans do not possess the ability to self-regenerate.Replenishment of lost neurons becomes an appealing therapeutic strategy to reve rse the disease phenotype.Transplantation of pluripotent neural stem cells can supplement the missing neurons in the brain,but it carries the risk of causing gene mutation,tumorigenesis,severe inflammation,and obstructive hydrocephalus induced by brain edema.Conversion of neural or non-neural lineage cells into functional neurons is a promising strategy for the diseases involving neuron loss,which may overcome the above-mentioned disadvantages of neural stem cell therapy.Thus far,many strategies to transfo rm astrocytes,fibroblasts,microglia,Muller glia,NG2 cells,and other glial cells to mature and functional neurons,or for the conversion between neuronal subtypes have been developed thro ugh the regulation of transcription factors,polypyrimidine tra ct binding protein 1(PTBP1),and small chemical molecules or are based on a combination of several factors and the location in the central nervous system.However,some recent papers did not obtain expected results,and discrepancies exist.Therefore,in this review,we discuss the history of neuronal transdifferentiation,summarize the strategies for neuronal replenishment and conversion from glia,especially astrocytes,and point out that biosafety,new strategies,and the accurate origin of the truly co nverted neurons in vivo should be focused upon in future studies.It also arises the attention of replenishing the lost neurons from glia by gene therapies such as up-regulation of some transc ription factors or downregulation of PTBP1 or drug interfe rence therapies.

关键词： astrocytes neural stem cells neurodegenerative diseases neuron polypyrimidine tract binding protein 1 repair reprogramming small molecule transcription factor transdifferentiation

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pH- and near-infrared light-responsive,biomimetic hydrogels from aqueous dispersions of carbon nanotubes

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Nano Research 2024年第4期17卷 3120-3129页

作者： Lulin Hu Xinxin Yu Jingcheng Hao Lu Xu Shandong laboratory of Yantai Advanced Materials and Green Manufacturing Yantai 264000China State key laboratory of Solid Lubrication Lanzhou Institute of Chemical PhysicsChinese Academy of SciencesLanzhou 730000China Yantai Center for Food and drug Control Yantai 264000China key laboratory of Colloid and Interface Chemistry&key laboratory of Special Aggregated Materials Shandong UniversityJinan 250100China

Owing to their low flexibility,poor processability and a lack of responsiveness,inorganic materials are usually non-ideal for constructing a living organism.Hence,to date,lifelike materials with structural hierarchies and adaptive properties usually rely on light and soft organic molecules,although few exceptions have been acquired using two-dimensional(2D)inorganic nanosheets.Herein,with a systematic study on the gelation behavior of carbon-based 0D quantum dots,1D nanotubes,and 3D fullerenes,we find that acidified 1D carbon nanotubes(CNTs)can serve as an alternative building block for fabricating purely inorganic biomimetic soft materials.The as-prepared CNT gels exhibit not only a pH-or photothermal-triggered mechanical and tribological adaptivity,which allows them to simulate the behavior of sea cucumbers,peacock mantis shrimps,and mammalian muscles or cortical bones,but also a unique damping property that is similar to spider’s cuticular pad.Their high elasticity,effective lubrication,excellent biocompatibility,and controllable friction and wear also allow them to function as a new type of smart lubricants,whose tribological properties can be regulated either by its internal pH changes or spatiotemporally by near-infrared(NIR)light irradiations,free of any toxic and flammable base oils or additives.

关键词： biomimetic hydrogels carbon nanotubes(CNTs) mechanical and tribological adaptivity pH-and near-infrared(NIR)light responsiveness switchable lubrication

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Ceria nanoparticles: biomedical applications and toxicity

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Journal of Zhejiang University-Science B(Biomedicine & Biotechnology) 2024年第5期25卷 361-388页

作者： Xiaoxuan FU Peng LI Xi CHEN Yuanyuan MA Rong WANG Wenxuan JI Jiakuo GU Bowen SHENG Yizhou WANG Zhuhong ZHANG School of Pharmacy Key Laboratory of Molecular Pharmacology and Drug Evaluation(Yantai University)Ministry of EducationCollaborative Innovation Center of Advanced Drug Delivery System and Biotech Drugs in Universities of ShandongYantai UniversityYantai 264005China Department of Nephrology Yantai Yuhuangding HospitalQingdao UniversityYantai 264005China institute of Crop Science College of Agriculture and BiotechnologyZhejiang UniversityHangzhou 310058China

Ceria nanoparticles(CeO_(2) NPs)have become popular materials in biomedical and industrial fields due to their potential applications in anti-oxidation,cancer therapy,photocatalytic degradation of pollutants,sensors,etc.Many methods,including gas phase,solid phase,liquid phase,and the newly proposed green synthesis method,have been reported for the synthesis of CeO_(2) NPs.Due to the wide application of CeO_(2) NPs,concerns about their adverse impacts on human health have been raised.This review covers recent studies on the biomedical applications of CeO_(2) NPs,including their use in the treatment of various diseases(e.g.,Alzheimer's disease,ischemic stroke,retinal damage,chronic inflammation,and cancer).CeO_(2) NP toxicity is discussed in terms of the different systems of the human body(e.g.,cytotoxicity,genotoxicity,respiratory toxicity,neurotoxicity,and hepatotoxicity).This comprehensive review covers both fundamental discoveries and exploratory progress in CeO_(2) NP research that may lead to practical developments in the future.

关键词： Ceria nanoparticle Synthetic method Biomedical application Oxidative stress Toxicity

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Control of defensive behavior by the nucleus of Darkschewitsch GABAergic neurons

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national Science Review 2024年第4期11卷 70-83页

作者： Huiying Zhao Jinrong Liu Yujin Shao Xiang Feng Binhan Zhao Li Sun Yijun Liu Linghui Zeng Xiao-ming Li Hongbin Yang Shumin Duan Yan-qin Yu Department of Neurology of Second Affiliated Hospital and School of Brain Science and Brain Medicine Zhejiang University School of Medicine Nanhu Brain-Computer Interface institute Liangzhu laboratory MOE Frontier Science Center for Brain Science and Brain-Machine Integration State Key Laboratory of Brain-Machine Intelligence Zhejiang University NHC and CAMS key laboratory of Medical Neurobiology Zhejiang University key laboratory of Novel Targets and drug Study for Neural Repair of Zhejiang Province School of Medicine Hangzhou City University

The nucleus of Darkschewitsch(ND), mainly composed of GABAergic neurons, is widely recognized as a component of the eye-movement controlling system. However, the functional contribution of ND GABAergic neurons(NDGABA) in animal behavior is largely unknown. Here, we show that NDGABA neurons were selectively activated by different types of fear stimuli, such as predator odor and foot shock.Optogenetic and chemogenetic manipulations revealed that NDGABA neurons mediate freezing behavior.Moreover, using circuit-based optogenetic and neuroanatomical tracing methods, we identified an excitatory pathway from the lateral periaqueductal gray(l PAG) to the ND that induces freezing by exciting ND inhibitory outputs to the motor-related gigantocellular reticular nucleus, ventral part(Gi V). Together,these findings indicate the NDGABA population as a novel hub for controlling defensive response by relaying fearful information from the l PAG to Gi V, a mechanism critical for understanding how the freezing behavior is encoded in the mammalian brain.

关键词： nucleus of Darkschewitsch GABAergic population defensive behavior freezing neural circuitry

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Unraveling the complex roles of macrophages in obese adipose tissue:an overview

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Frontiers of Medicine 2024年第2期18卷 205-236页

作者： Chang Peng Jun Chen Rui Wu Haowen Jiang Jia Li Hangzhou institute for Advanced Study University of Chinese Academy of SciencesHangzhou310000China State key laboratory of drug Research Shanghai Institute of Materia MedicaChinese Academy of SciencesShanghai201203China University of Chinese Academy of Sciences Beijing100049China Department of Prosthodontics Shanghai Engineering Research Center of Advanced Dental Technology and MaterialsShanghai Key Laboratory of Stomatology&Shanghai Research Institute of StomatologyNational Clinical Research Center for Oral DiseasesShanghai Ninth People’s HospitalCollege of StomatologyShanghai Jiao Tong University School of MedicineShanghai200011China

Macrophages,a heterogeneous population of innate immune cells,exhibit remarkable plasticity and play pivotal roles in coordinating immune responses and maintaining tissue homeostasis within the context of metabolic diseases.The activation of inflammatory macrophages in obese adipose tissue leads to detrimental effects,inducing insulin resistance through increased inflammation,impaired thermogenesis,and adipose tissue fibrosis.Meanwhile,adipose tissue macrophages also play a beneficial role in maintaining adipose tissue homeostasis by regulating angiogenesis,facilitating the clearance of dead adipocytes,and promoting mitochondrial transfer.Exploring the heterogeneity of macrophages in obese adipose tissue is crucial for unraveling the pathogenesis of obesity and holds significant potential for targeted therapeutic interventions.Recently,the dual effects and some potential regulatory mechanisms of macrophages in adipose tissue have been elucidated using single-cell technology.In this review,we present a comprehensive overview of the intricate activation mechanisms and diverse functions of macrophages in adipose tissue during obesity,as well as explore the potential of drug delivery systems targeting macrophages,aiming to enhance the understanding of current regulatory mechanisms that may be potentially targeted for treating obesity or metabolic diseases.

关键词： obesity inflammation adipose tissue macrophages adipose tissue homeostasis

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Superior effectiveness and acceptability of saliva samples for the detection of SARS-CoV-2 in China

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Biosafety and Health 2024年第2期6卷 88-91页

作者： Hui Yao Ying Shen Zhichao Liang Xiaoyu Xue Chenxi Zhao Xiang Xu Yuxin Cai Yonghong Liu Wei Zhang Yang Pan Xiaoli Wang beijing Office of Global Health Beijing Center for Disease Prevention and ControlBeijing 100013China institute for Infectious Disease and Endemic Disease Control Beijing Center for Disease Prevention and ControlBeijing 100013China national key laboratory of Intelligent Tracking and Forecasting for Infectious Diseases Beijing Ditan HospitalCapital Medical UniversityBeijing 100015China Center for drug Evaluation National Medical Products AdministrationBeijing 100176China School of Public Health Capital Medical UniversityBeijing 100069China

In response to problems of poor sampling quality,low sensitivity,and high demand for medical personnel regarding the current severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2(SARS-CoV-2)oropharyngeal(OP)swab sampling used in China,we aimed to evaluate the diagnostic performance and acceptability of saliva-based nucleic acid amplification tests(NAATs)in China.The results showed that,using nasopharyngeal(NP)swab results as the gold standard,the overall sensitivities for saliva specimens and OP swabs were 93.3%and 85.0%,the specificities were 92.6%and 93.8%,respectively.The results of an acceptability survey showed that the scores for saliva,OP,and NP samples were 9.46±1.69,8.11±2.42,and 4.58±3.82 out of 10,respectively,with significant differences among the three groups(P<0.05).With higher sensitivity,comparable specificity,and strong public preference,saliva-based NAATs represent a convenient and effective method for detecting SARS-CoV-2 in future epidemics.

关键词： SARS-CoV-2 Saliva sample Sensitivity Acceptability

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Effects of weaning on intestinal longitudinal muscle-myenteric plexus function in piglets

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Science China(Life Sciences) 2024年第2期67卷 379-390页

作者： Jing Li Fenfen Liu Kaibin Mo Hengjia Ni Yulong Yin key laboratory of Agro-Ecological Processes in Subtropical Region Hunan Provincial Key Laboratory of Animal Nutritional Physiology and Metabolic ProcessHunan Research Center of Livestock and Poultry SciencesSouth Central Experimental Station of Animal Nutrition and Feed Science in the Ministry of AgricultureInstitute of Subtropical AgricultureChinese Academy of SciencesChangsha 410125China University of Chinese Academy of Sciences Beijing 100008China Guangdong key laboratory for Veterinary drug Development and Safety Evaluation College of Veterinary MedicineSouth China Agricultural UniversityGuangzhou 510642China

Weaning piglets usually suffer from severe diarrhea(commonly known as postweaning diarrhea,PWD)along with intestinal motility disorder.Intestinal peristalsis is mainly regulated by the longitudinal muscle-myenteric plexus(LM-MP).To understand the relationship between intestinal LM-MP function and the development of PWD,we compared the intestinal electrical activity,and the transcriptional profile of the LM-MP between 21-day-old piglets(just weaned,n=7)and 24-day-old piglets(suffered the most severe weaning stress,n=7).The results showed that 24-day-old piglets exhibited different degrees of diarrhea.A significant increase in the slow-wave frequency in the ileum and colon was observed in 24-day-old piglets,while c-kit expression in the intestinal LM-MPs was significantly decreased,indicating that PWD caused by elevated slow-wave frequency may be associated with loss of c-kit.The real-time quantitative PCR(RT-q PCR)and enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay(ELISA)showed that intestinal LM-MPs in 24-day-old piglets may undergo inflammation and oxidative stress.Significant increases in 8-hydroxy-2′-deoxyguanosine and decreases in thioredoxin suggest that weaning may lead to DNA damage in the LM-MP of 24-day-old piglets.In addition,activating transcription factor 3 was significantly upregulated,indicating nerve damage in the LM-MP of 24-day-old piglets.The transcriptomic results showed that most of the differentially expressed genes in the ileal LM-MP after weaning were downregulated and closely related to the cell cycle process.Subsequent RT-q PCR analysis showed that the relative expression of p21 was upregulated,while the expression of cyclin A2,cyclin B1,and proliferating cell nuclear antigen was downregulated in the ileal and colonic LM-MP of 24-day-old piglets,suggesting that weaning may inhibit cell proliferation and cause G1/S cell cycle arrest in ileal and colonic LM-MP.In conclusion,weaning may lead to cell cycle arrest by causing DNA damage in the LM-MP,impairing intestinal motility regulation,and ultimately lea

关键词： weaning piglets diarrhea longitudinal muscle-myenteric plexus

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Lymph node-biomimetic scaffold boosts CAR-T therapy against solid tumor

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national Science Review 2024年第4期11卷 206-215页

作者： Ziyan Liao Jie Jiang Wei Wu Jiaqi Shi Yanfang Wang Yuejun Yao Tao Sheng Feng Liu Wei Liu Peng Zhao Feifei Lv Jie Sun Hongjun Li Zhen Gu Department of General Surgery Sir Run Run Shaw Hospital School of Medicine Zhejiang University national key laboratory of Advanced drug Delivery and Release Systems College of Pharmaceutical Sciences Zhejiang University key laboratory of Advanced drug Delivery Systems of Zhejiang Province College of Pharmaceutical SciencesZhejiang University Liangzhu laboratory Zhejiang University Bone Marrow Transplantation Center of the First Affiliated Hospital and Department of Cell Biology Zhejiang University School of Medicine Department of Medical Oncology The First Affiliated Hospital School of Medicine Zhejiang University Department of laboratory Medicine The First Affiliated Hospital Zhejiang University School of Medicine Department of Hepatobiliary and Pancreatic Surgery The Second Affiliated HospitalSchool of MedicineZhejiang University Jinhua institute of Zhejiang University MOE key laboratory of Macromolecular Synthesis and Functionalization of Ministry of Education Department of Polymer Science and EngineeringZhejiang University

The limited infiltration and persistence of chimeric antigen receptor(CAR)-T cells is primarily responsible for their treatment deficits in solid tumors. Here, we present a three-dimensional scaffold, inspired by the physiological process of T-cell proliferation in lymph nodes. This scaffold gathers the function of loading,delivery, activation and expansion for CAR-T cells to enhance their therapeutic effects on solid tumors. This porous device is made from poly(lactic-co-glycolic acid) by a microfluidic technique with the modification of T-cell stimulatory signals, including anti-CD3, anti-CD28 antibodies, as well as cytokines. This scaffold fosters a 50-fold CAR-T cell expansion in vitro and a 15-fold cell expansion in vivo. Particularly, it maintains long-lasting expansion of CAR-T cells for up to 30 days in a cervical tumor model and significantly inhibits the tumor growth. This biomimetic delivery strategy provides a versatile platform of cell delivery and activation for CAR-T cells in treating solid tumors.

关键词： drug delivery cell therapy bioinspired biomaterials cancer immunotherapy

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Ultrastable in-situ silver nanoparticle dressing for effective prevention and treatment of wound infection in emergency

Engineered Regeneration

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Engineered Regeneration 2024年第1期5卷 111-123页

作者： Wei Wang Ziwei Hu Wanying Mo Min Ouyang Shihao Lin Xiang Li Chengxinqiao Wang Feng Yu Yupeng Wang Dongfang Zhou key laboratory of Mental Health of the Ministry of Education NMPA Key Laboratory for Research and Evaluation of Drug Metabolism&Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of New Drug ScreeningSchool of Pharmaceutical SciencesSouthern Medical UniversityGuangzhou 510515China institute of Otolaryngology Head and neck surgery Guangzhou Red Croee Hospital of Jinan UniversityGuangzhou 510282China c Department of Orthopaedics and Traumatology Zhujiang HospitalSouthern Medical UniversityGuangzhou 510282China

The use of antibacterial dressings is crucial in the prevention and treatment of wound infection in emergency sit-uations.However,the efficacy of dressings is compromised by long-term storage or exposure to harsh conditions.Here,an ultrastable in-situ silver nanoparticle dressing(AgSNP@CD)was prepared for effective prevention and treatment of wound infection in emergency.The fabrication process of AgSNP@CD is simple,suitable for large-scale production.Due to the strong interaction between the in-situ synthesized AgNPs and the cotton fabric,AgSNP@CD owned remarkable stability,thus retaining its antimicrobial efficacy even after long-term storage(up to 2 years)and under extreme conditions(damp heat,low temperatures,low-oxygen,water immersion,acid-alkali erosion).Both in vitro and in vivo results demonstrated the extraordinary antibacterial efficacy and stability of AgSNP@CD,facilitating infection prevention and wound healing in extreme conditions.In particular,AgSNP@CD exhibited a superior treatment effect on severe bacteria-infected trauma and can prevent the occur-rence of sepsis effectively.The exceptional stability and antibacterial efficacy of AgSNP@CD under complex and extreme conditions make it a well-suited dressing strategy for the prevention and treatment of wound infection in emergency.

关键词： Bacteria-infected wounds Silver nanoparticle dressing Ultra stability Infection prevention In emergency

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