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A CFD Model to Evaluate Near-Surface Oil Spill from a Broken Loading Pipe in Shallow Coastal Waters

Fluid Dynamics & Materials Processing 2024年第1期20卷 59-77页

作者： Portia Felix Lee Leon Derek Gay Stefano Salon Hazi Azamathulla Department of Civil and Environmental Engineering The University of the West IndiesSt.AugustineTrinidad and Tobago national institute of oceanography and experimental geophysics-OGS TriesteItaly

Oil spills continue to generate various issues and concerns regarding their effect and behavior in the marine environment,owing to the related potential for detrimental environmental,economic and social *** is essential to have a solid understanding of the ways in which oil interacts with the water and the coastal ecosystems that are located *** study proposes a simplified model for predicting the plume-like transport behavior of heavy Bunker C fuel oil discharging downward from an acutely-angled broken pipeline located on the water *** results show that the spill overall profile is articulated in three major flow *** first,is the source field,i.e.,a region near the origin of the initial jet,followed by the intermediate or transport field,namely,the region where the jet oil flow transitions into an underwater oil plume flow and starts to move horizontally,and finally,the far-field,where the oil re-surface and spreads onto the shore at a significant distance from the spill *** behavior of the oil in the intermediate field is investigated using a simplified injection-type oil spill model capable of mimicking the undersea trapping and lateral migration of an oil plume originating from a negatively buoyant jet spill.A rectangular domain with proper boundary conditions is used to implement the *** Projection approach is used to discretize a modified version of the Navier-Stokes equations in two dimensions.A benchmark fluid flow issue is used to verify the model and the results indicate a reasonable relationship between specific gravity and depth as well as agreement with the aerial data and a vertical temperature profile plot.

关键词： CFD model Navier-Stokes equations projection method water surface oil spill shallow coastal waters

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Geophysical evidence of a large occurrence of mud volcanoes associated with gas plumbing system in the Ross Sea(Antarctica)

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Geoscience Frontiers 2024年第1期15卷 304-324页

作者： Martina Busetti Riccardo Geletti Dario Civile Chiara Sauli Giuseppe Brancatelli Edy Forlin Daniela Accettella Lorenza Barro Savonuzzi Laura De Santis Aldo Vesnaver Andrea Cova national institute of oceanography and Applied geophysics–OGS Borgo Grotta Gigante 42/c34010 SgonicoTriesteItaly

Seafloor and buried reliefs occur along continental margin of the Ross Sea(Antarctica).These features are several kilometres wide and tens of metres high,exhibiting cone or flat-top dome *** studies have proposed a volcanic or glacial origin for these formations,but these hypotheses do not account for all the available *** this study,we use morpho-bathymetric data,intermediate resolution multichannel seismic and high resolution chirp profiles,as well as magnetic lines to investigate these clusters of *** employing targeted processing techniques to enhance the geophysical characterization of the seafloor and buried reliefs,and to understand the underlying geological features,we propose that the reliefs are mud *** of these formations appear to be associated with a plumbing system,as indicated by acoustic anomalies linked to sediment containing *** formations are likely fed by clayey source rocks of Miocene ***,other reliefs might be the result of mud mobilisation caused by gravity instability and fluid overpressure.

关键词： Ross Sea Antarctica Mud volcanoes Gas plumbing system Gas hydrate Bottom Simulating Reflector

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Joint land-sea seismic survey and research on the deep structures of the Bohai Sea areas

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Acta Oceanologica Sinica 2013年第12期32卷 13-24页

作者： HAO Tianyao YOU Qingyu LIU Lihua LV Chuanchuan XU Ya LI Zhiwei ZHAO Chunlei ZHENG Yanpeng LIU Chenguang HAN Guozhong institute of Geology and geophysics Chinese Academy of Sciences Wuhan institute of Geodesy and geophysics Chinese Academy of Sciences The First institute of oceanography State Oceanic Administration

This paper presents the survey and research work of two land-sea profiles in the Bohai Sea, China, carried out in 2010-2011, including the seismic sources on land and in the sea, the ocean bottom seismographs （OBS） and their recovery, the coupling of OBS and the environment noise in sea area, the data quality of OBSs, and the result of data analysis. We focused on the investigation of crustal structures revealed by the two NE／EW-trending joint land-sea profiles. In combination with the Pn-velocity distribution and gravity- magnetic inversion results in the North China Craton, we propose that the undulation of the Moho interface in the Bohai and surrounding areas is not strong, and the lithospheric thinning is mainly caused by the thinning of its mantle part. The research result indicates that obvious lateral variations of Moho depth and seismic velocity appear nearby all the large-scale faults in Bohai Sea, and there is evidence of underplating and reforming of the lower crust by mantle material in the Bohai area. However, geophysical evidence does not appear to support the ＂mantle plume＂ or ＂delamination＂ model for the North China Craton destruction. The crustal structure of the Bohai Sea revealed ＂a relatively normal crust and obviously thinned mantle lid＂, local velocity anomalies and instability phenomena in the crust. These features may represent a combined effect of North China-Yangtze collision at an early stage and the remote action of Pacific plate subduction at a late stage.

关键词： seismic survey profiles velocity anomaly crustal structure lithospheric thinning Bohai Sea

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Submarine Landslide Identified in DLW3102 Core of the Northern Continental Slope, South China Sea

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Journal of Ocean University of China 2018年第1期17卷 147-155页

作者： XU Yuanqin LIU Lejun ZHOU Hang HUANG Baoqi LI Ping MA Xiudong DONG Feiyin Laboratory for Marine Geology and geophysics First Institute of OceanographyState Oceanic Administration Function Laboratory for Marine Geology National Oceanography Laboratory Marine Engineering Environment and Geomatics Center First Institute of OceanographyState Oceanic Administration School of Earth and Space Sciences Peking University

In this paper, we take DLW3101 core obtained at the top of the canyon(no landslide area) and DLW3102 core obtained at the bottom of the canyon(landslide area) on the northern continental slope of the South China Sea as research objects. The chronostratigraphic framework of the DLW3101 core and elemental strata of the DLW3101 core and the DLW3102 core since MIS5 are established by analyzing oxygen isotope, calcium carbonate content, and X-Ray Fluorescence(XRF) scanning elements. On the basis of the information obtained by analyzing the sedimentary structure and chemical elements in the landslide deposition, we found that the DLW3102 core shows four layers of submarine landslides, and each landslide layer is characterized by high Si, K, Ti, and Fe contents, thereby indicating terrigenous clastic sources. L1(2.15–2.44 m) occurred in MIS2, which is a slump sedimentary layer with a small sliding distance and scale. L2(15.48–16.00 m) occurred in MIS5 and is a debris flow-deposited layer with a scale and sliding distance that are greater than those of L1. L3(19.00–20.90 m) occurred in MIS5; its upper part(19.00–20.00 m) is a debris flow-deposited layer, and its lower part(20.00–20.90 m) is a sliding deposition layer. The landslide scale of L3 is large. L4(22.93–24.27 m) occurred in MIS5; its upper part(22.93–23.50 m) is a turbid sedimentary layer, and its lower part(23.50–24.27m) is a slump sedimentary layer. The landslide scale of L4 is large.

关键词： northern continental slope of the South China Sea DLW3102 core submarine landslide sedimentary structure XRF scanning elements

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A hydrothermal investigation system for the Qianlong-Ⅱ autonomous underwater vehicle

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Acta Oceanologica Sinica 2019年第3期38卷 159-165页

作者： Tao Wu Chunhui Tao Jinhui Zhang Ao Wang Guoyin Zhang Jianping Zhou Xianming Deng Key Laboratory of Submarine Geosciences Second Institute of Oceanography Ministry of Natural Resources School of oceanography Shanghai Jiaotong University institute of geophysics and Geomatics China University of Geosciences

Qianlong-Ⅱ is a fully autonomous underwater vehicle designed for the investigation of submarine resources,particularly polymetallic sulfides. It was used to successfully explore hydrothermal fields on the Southwest Indian Ridge. Here, we summarized the exploration of hydrothermal systems using Qianlong-Ⅱ, including detailed descriptions of its implementation along with the systems used for data management and fast mapping. We also introduced a method to remove platform magnetic interference using magnetic data while Qianlong-Ⅱ is spinning. Based on hydrothermal anomalies collected by Qianlong-Ⅱ, we developed a rapid method for locating hydrothermal vents. Taking one dive as an example, we systemically demonstrated the process for analyzing hydrothermal survey data to locate hydrothermal vents.

关键词： Qianlong-Ⅱ autonomous underwater vehicle data management hydrothermal investigation

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New Geophysical Evidences of Fluid Related Features in the Western Ionian Sea-Part I： Advanced Processing of Old Data

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Journal of Shipping and Ocean Engineering 2011年第2期1卷 46-53页

作者： M. Giustiniani U. Tinivella V. Volpi D. Accettella national institute of oceanography and experimental geophysics-OGS Sgonico 34010 Italy

In this work, we present the results of processing and interpretation of part of crustal seismic profile MS-24, acquired about 30 years ago. This line is oriented NW-SE and crosses the external front of the Calabrian Arc. In order to better image the complex features that characterize this margin, we applied an advanced seismic processing aiming at defining an accurate velocity field by using iteratively the pre-stack depth migration and theoretical considerations. The reprocessed data give more information about a high amplitude reflector associated to velocity inversion. New re-processed seismic data highlighted the presence of morphological features possibly related to fluid migration, which could explain the relationship between velocity inversion and free gas presence,

关键词： Pre-stack depth migration CIG BSR.

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A growth model for a hyalid amphipod Hyale perieri in the coastal water of Alexandria(Egypt)

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Acta Oceanologica Sinica 2003年第2期22卷 221-232页

作者： Zakaria H.Y Dowidar N.M. El-Komi M.M. Atta M.M. national institute of oceanography and Fisheries AlexandriaEgypt.Department of OceanographyFaculty of ScienceAlexandria UniversityEgyptNational Institute of Oceanography and FisheriesAlexandriaEgypt.Department of OceanographyFaculty of ScienceAlexandria UniversityEgypt

The growth rate of the hyalid amphipod Hyale perieri was studied on the bases of Ikeda'sgrowth model which is based on the inter moult period (IP) and moult increament (△BL). To apply this approach, laboratory experiments were carried out at three temperatures regimes (15℃, 20℃, 25℃ ) to gain accurate data of IP and BL. The total number of specimens used in this study was 86 at 15℃ , 24 at 20℃ and 70 at 25℃. The number of flagellar segments of both antennae of the Hyale perieri could not be used as an index of growth (instar criterion). The obtained results indicated that, the predicted IP of the specimens was inversely related to temperature and in good agreement with the observed values at the experimental temperatures. IP data obtained from laboratory-reared specimes are combined with ABL data to establish a growth model for Hyale perieri from its release from the mar-supium (1.64 mm BL ) to the maximum size (12.67 mm BL) as a function of temperature. The maximum numbers of consecutive moults recorded during the experiment were 13 moults (14 instar) at 15℃, 14 moults (15 instar) at 20℃ and 12 moults (13 instar) at 25℃ . The predicted life span for BL = 12.67 mm (moult 13) was 203.82 d at 15t, for BL = 11.75 mm (moult 14) was 138.94 d at 20℃ and for BL = 8.65 mm (moult 12) was 75.40 d at 25℃ respectively, thus confirming that the life span of the species is inversely proportional to temperature. Within the experimental temperatures tested, the optimum temperature for the growth of the species was 20℃.

关键词： growth model inter moult period and moult increament hyalid amphipod Hyale perieri coastal water of Alexandria

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Mantle avalanches in a Venus-like stagnant lid planet

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Earth and Planetary Physics 2024年第5期8卷 686-702页

作者： Madeleine C.Kerr Dave R.Stegman institute of geophysics and Planetary Physics Scripps Institution of OceanographyUniversity of CaliforniaSan DiegoLa JollaCAUSA

Stagnant lid planets are characterized by a globe-encircling,conducting lid that is thick and strong,which leads to reduced global surface heat ***,the mantles of such planets can have warmer interiors than Earth,and interestingly,a pyrolitic mantle composition under warmer conditions is predicted to have a distinctly different mantle transition zone compared to the present-day Earth(Hirose,2002;Stixrude and Lithgow-Bertelloni,2011;Ichikawa et al.,2014;Dannberg et al,2022).Instead of olivine primarily transforming into its higher-pressure polymorphs such as wadsleyite and then ringwoodite,at pressures corresponding to 410 km and 520 km depth in Earth,respectively,it instead transforms into a mineral assemblage of wadsleyite,majorite,and ferropericlase(WMF),and then to majorite+ferropericlase(MF),before finally transforming into bridgmanite at pressures corresponding to 660 km depth in Earth(Stixrude and Lithgow-Bertelloni,2011;Ichikawa et al.,2014).Convective motions in stagnant lid planets are dominated by small-scale instabilities(cold drips)forming within the mobile rheological sublayer under the rigid *** ASPECT and a thermodynamic model of a pyrolitic mantle composition generated by HeFESTo,we show that under certain conditions,the small drips can pond atop the WMF-MF mineral phase *** barrier to convective flow arises from the WMF mineral phase assemblage having an effective negative thermal expansivity(Stixrude and Lithgow-Bertelloni,2022).Although large-scale downwellings that typically occur within mobile lid planets are able to pass through the WMF zone without difficulty(Dannberg et al.,2022;Li RP et al.,2024),the smaller and less negatively buoyant nature of downwelling drips in stagnant lid planets are more susceptible to these effects,which leads to an ephemeral layering of the *** numerical models show that in stagnant lid planets with mantle potential temperatures that exceed 1900 K,the smaller,cold drips from t

关键词： Venus mantle avalanches numerical modelling phase transitions

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TEM investigations of South Atlantic Ridge 13.2°S hydrothermal area

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Acta Oceanologica Sinica 2013年第12期32卷 68-74页

作者： TAO Chunhui XIONG Wei XI Zhenzhu DENG Xianming XU Yixian The Second institute of oceanography State Oceanic Administration Key Laboratory of Submarine Science the Second Institute of OceanographyState Oceanic Administration institute of geophysics and Geomatics China University of Geosciences School of Geosciences and InfoPhysics Central South University

According to the exploration contract about polymetallic sulfides in the SWIR （Southwest Indian Ridge） signed by China with the International Seabed Authority, to delineate sulfide minerals and estimate resource quantity are urgent tasks. We independently developed our first coincident loop Transient Electromagnetic Method （TEM） device in 2010, and gained the TEM data for seafloor sulfide at South Atlantic Ridge 13.2°S in June 2011. In contrast with the widely applied CSEM （Marine controlled-source electromagnetic） method, whose goal is to explore hydrocarbons （oil/gas） of higher resistivity than seawater from 102 to 103 m below the sea floor, the TEM is for low resistivity minerals, and the target depth is from 0 to 100 m below the sea floor. Based on the development of complex sulfide geoelectrial models, this paper analyzed the TEM data obtained, proposing a new method for seafloor sulfide detection. We present the preliminary trial results, in the form of apparent resistivity sections for both half-space and full-space conditions. The results cor- respond well with the observations of the actual hydrothermal vent area, and the detection depth reached 50-100m below the bed, which verified the capability of the equipment.

关键词： transient electromagnetic method mid-ocean ridge hydrothermal activity seafloor polymetallicsulfides South Atlantic Ridge

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Prediction of carbonate permeability from multiresolution CT scans and deep learning

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Applied geophysics 2024年第4期21卷 805-819,881页

作者： Zhang Lin Chen Guang-dong Ba Jing JoséM.Carcione Xu Wen-hao Fang Zhi-jian School of Earth Science and Engineering Hohai UniversityNanjing 211100 national institute of oceanography and Applied geophysics(OGS) TriesteItaly 34010 BGP INC. China National Petroleum CorporationZhuozhou 072751China

The low-resolution CT scan images obtained from drill core generally struggle with problems such as insufficient pore structure information and incomplete image ***,predicting the permeability of heterogeneous reservoir cores relies heavily on high-resolution CT scanning ***,this approach requires a considerable amount of data and is associated with high *** solve this problem,a method for predicting core permeability based on deep learning using CT scan images with diff erent resolutions is proposed in this ***,the high-resolution CT scans are preprocessed and then cubic subsets are *** permeability of each subset is estimated using the Lattice Boltzmann Method(LBM)and forms the training set for the convolutional neural network(CNN)***,the highresolution images are downsampled to obtain the low-resolution grayscale *** the comparative analysis of the porosities of diff erent low-resolution images,the low-resolution image with a resolution of 10%of the original image is considered as the test set in this *** is found that the permeabilities predicted from the low-resolution images are in good agreement with the values calculated by the *** addition,the test data are compared with the results of the Kozeny-Carman(KC)model and the measured permeability of the whole *** results show that the prediction of the permeability of tight carbonate rock based on deep learning using CT scans with diff erent resolutions is reliable.

关键词： CT scans deep learning carbonate permeability

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