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Highly sensitive CO_(2)-LITES sensor based on a self-designed low-frequency quartz tuning fork and fiber-coupled MPC

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Chinese Optics Letters 2024年第7期22卷 105-110页

作者： Jinfeng Hou Xiaonan Liu Yahui Liu Ying He Weijiang Zhao Yufei Ma national Key Laboratory of Science and Technology on Tunable Laser Harbin Institute of TechnologyHarbin 150001China

A highly sensitive carbon dioxide(CO_(2))sensor based on light-induced thermoelastic spectroscopy(LITES)utilizing a selfdesigned low-frequency quartz tuning fork(QTF)and a fiber-coupled multipass cell(MPC)is reported in this *** QTF with a low resonant frequency of 8675 Hz and a high Q factor of 11,675.64 was used to improve its energy accumulation time and the sensor’s signal *** MPC with the fiber-coupled structure and optical length of 40 m was adopted to significantly increase the gas absorbance and reduce the optical alignment difficulty as well as improve the robustness of the sensor system.A distributed feedback(DFB),near-infrared diode laser with an emission wavelength of 1.57μm was used as an excitation *** experimental results showed that this CO_(2)-LITES sensor had an excellent linear response to CO_(2) *** minimum detection limitation(MDL)of this CO_(2)-LITES sensor was obtained to be 445.91 ppm,and it could be improved to 47.70 ppm(parts per million)when the integration time of the system reached 500 *** improvement methods for the detection performance of such sensors were also discussed.

关键词： carbon dioxide quartz tuning fork multipass cell light-induced thermoelastic spectroscopy

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Enhancing fatigue performance of AZ31 magnesium alloy components fabricated by cold metal transfer-based wire arc directed energy deposition through LPB

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Journal of Magnesium and Alloys 2024年第4期12卷 1638-1662页

作者： Shambhu Kumar Manjhi Srikanth Bontha A.S.S.Balan Department of Mechanical Engineering National Institute of Technology KarnatakaSurathkalSrinivasanagarMangaloreKarnataka 575025India

Cold Metal Transfer-Based Wire Arc Directed Energy Deposition(CMT-WA-DED)presents a promising avenue for the rapid fabrication of components crucial to automotive,shipbuilding,and aerospace ***,the susceptibility to fatigue of CMT-WA-DED-produced AZ31 Mg alloy components has impeded their widespread adoption for critical load-bearing *** this study,a comprehensive investigation into the fatigue behaviour of WA-DED-fabricated AZ31 Mg alloy has been carried out and compared to commercially available wrought AZ31 *** findings indicate that the as-deposited parts exhibit a lower fatigue life than wrought Mg alloy,primarily due to poor surface finish,tensile residual stress,porosity,and coarse grain microstructure inherent in the WA-DED *** Plasticity Burnishing(LPB)treatment is applied to mitigate these issues,which induce significant plastic deformation on the *** treatment resulted in a remarkable improvement of fatigue life by 42%,accompanied by a reduction in surface roughness,grain refinement and enhancement of compressive residual stress ***,during cyclic deformation,WA-DED specimens exhibited higher plasticity and dislocation density compared to both wrought and WA-DED+LPB specimens.A higher fraction of Low Angle Grain Boundaries(LAGBs)in WA-DED specimens contributed to multiple crack initiation sites and convoluted crack paths,ultimately leading to premature *** contrast,wrought and WA-DED+LPB specimens displayed a higher percentage of High Angle Grain Boundaries(HAGBs),which hindered dislocation movement and resulted in fewer crack initiation sites and less complex crack paths,thereby extending fatigue *** findings underscore the effectiveness of LPB as a post-processing technique to enhance the fatigue performance of WA-DED-fabricated AZ31 Mg alloy *** study highlights the importance of LPB surface treatment on AZ31 Mg components produced by CMT-WA-DED to remove surface d

关键词： Wire arc additive manufacturing AZ31 Mg alloy Low plasticity burnishing Low cycle fatigue test Strain amplitude

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APE1 regulates mitochondrial DNA damage repair after experimental subarachnoid haemorrhage in vivo and in vitro

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Stroke & Vascular Neurology 2024年第3期9卷 230-242,I0133-I0209页

作者： Kun Dai Zongqi Wang Bixi Gao Longyuan Li Feng Gu Xinyu Tao Wanchun You Zhong Wang Department of neurosurgery&Brain and Nerve Research Laboratory First Affiliated Hospital of Soochow UniversitySuzhouJiangsuChina institute of Stroke Research Soochow UniversitySuzhouJiangsuChina

Background Subarachnoid haemorrhage(SAH)can result in a highly unfavourable *** recent years,the study of SAH has focused on early brain injury(EBI),which is a crucial progress that contributes to adverse *** can lead to various complications,including mitochondrial dysfunction and DNA ***/apyrimidinic endonuclease 1(APE1)is an essential protein with multifaceted functionality integral to DNA repair and redox ***,the role of APE1 in mitochondrial DNA damage repair after SAH is still *** Our study involved an in vivo endovascular perforation model in rats and an in vitro neuron oxyhaemoglobin ***,the effects of APE1 on mitochondrial DNA damage repair were analysed by western blot,immunofluorescence,quantitative real-time PCR,mitochondrial bioenergetics measurement and neurobehavioural *** We found that the level of APE1 decreased while the mitochondria DNA damage and neuronal death increased in a rat model of *** of APE1 improved short-term and long-term behavioural impairment in rats after *** vitro,after primary neurons exposed to oxyhaemoglobin,APE1 expression significantly decreased along with increased mitochondrial DNA damage,a reduction in the subunit of respiratory chain complex levels and subsequent respiratory chain *** of APE1 relieved energy metabolism disorders in the mitochondrial of neurons and reduced neuronal *** In conclusion,APE1 is involved in EBI after SAH by affecting mitochondrial apoptosis via the mitochondrial respiratory ***1 may potentially play a vital role in the EBI stage after SAH,making it a critical target for treatment.

关键词： APE1 damage vivo after

OsWRKY65 enhances immunity against fungal and bacterial pathogens in rice

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The Crop Journal 2024年第2期12卷 470-481页

作者： Seungmin Son Giha Song Suhyeon Nam Jinjeong Lee Duk-Ju Hwang Eun-Jung Suh Sang Ryeol Park national institute of Agricultural Sciences Rural Development AdministrationJeonju 54874Republic of Korea Department of Agriculture Forestry and BioresourcesPlant Genomics and Breeding InstituteResearch Institute of Agriculture and Life SciencesSeoul National UniversitySeoul 08826Republic of Korea Department of Crop Science and Biotechnology Jeonbuk National UniversityJeonju 54896Republic of Korea

Diverse bacterial and fungal pathogens attack plants,causing biotic stress and severe yield losses *** losses are expected to become more serious as climate change improves conditions for many ***,identifying genes conferring broad-spectrum disease resistance and elucidating their underlying mechanisms provides important resources for plant *** transcription factors affect plant growth and stress ***,the functions of many WRKY proteins remain to be ***,we demonstrated the role of rice(Oryza sativa)WRKY groupⅢtranscription factor OsWRKY65 in ***65 localized to the nucleus and acted as transcriptional *** and molecular functional analyses showed that OsWRKY65 increases resistance to the fungal pathogen Fusarium fujikuroi through downregulation of GA signaling and upregulation of JA ***,OsWRKY65 modulated the expression of the key genes that confer susceptibility or resistance to Xanthomonas oryzae *** to enhance immunity against the *** particular,OsWRKY65directly bound to the promoter region of OsSWEET13 and repressed its *** together,our findings demonstrate that the OsWRKY65 enhances resistance to fungal and bacterial pathogens in rice.

关键词： Bacterial blight Bakanae disease Broad-spectrum disease resistance Oriza sativa OsWRKY65 Rice

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Limits of Depth: Over-Smoothing and Over-Squashing in GNNs

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Big Data Mining and Analytics 2024年第1期7卷 205-216页

作者： Aafaq Mohi ud din Shaima Qureshi Department of Computer Science and Engineering National Institute of Technology SrinagarSrinagar 190006India

Graph Neural Networks(GNNs)have become a widely used tool for learning and analyzing data on graph structures,largely due to their ability to preserve graph structure and properties via graph representation ***,the effect of depth on the performance of GNNs,particularly isotropic and anisotropic models,remains an active area of *** study presents a comprehensive exploration of the impact of depth on GNNs,with a focus on the phenomena of over-smoothing and the bottleneck effect in deep graph neural *** research investigates the tradeoff between depth and performance,revealing that increasing depth can lead to over-smoothing and a decrease in performance due to the bottleneck *** also examine the impact of node degrees on classification accuracy,finding that nodes with low degrees can pose challenges for accurate *** experiments use several benchmark datasets and a range of evaluation metrics to compare isotropic and anisotropic GNNs of varying depths,also explore the scalability of these *** findings provide valuable insights into the design of deep GNNs and offer potential avenues for future research to improve their performance.

关键词： Graph Neural Networks(GNNs) learning on graphs over-smoothing over-squashing isotropic-GNNs anisotropic-GNNs

Quantized autoencoder(QAE)intrusion detection system for anomaly detection in resource-constrained loT devices using RT-loT2022 dataset

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Cybersecurity 2024年第2期7卷 13-27页

作者： B S Sharmila Rohini Nagapadma Depatment of Electronics and Communication Engineering The National Institute of EngineeringMysoreKarnataka 570008India

In recent years,many researchers focused on unsupervised learning for network anomaly detection in edge devices to identify *** deployment of the unsupervised autoencoder model is computationally expensive in resource-constrained edge *** study proposes quantized autoencoder(QAE)model for intrusion detection systems to detect *** is an optimization model derived from autoencoders that incorporate pruning,clustering,and integer quantization *** autoencoder uint8(QAE-u8)and quantized autoencoder float16(QAE-f16)are two variants of QAE built to deploy computationally expensive Al models into Edge ***,we have generated a Real-Time Internet of Things 2022 dataset for normal and attack *** autoencoder model operates on normal traffic during the training *** same model is then used to reconstruct anomaly traffic under the assumption that the reconstruction error(RE)of the anomaly will be high,which helps to identify the ***,we study the performance of the autoencoders,QAE-u8,and QAE-f16 using accuracy,precision,recall,and F1 score through an extensive experimental *** showed that QAE-u8 outperforms all other models with a reduction of 70.01%in average memory utilization,92.23%in memory size compression,and 27.94%in peak CPU ***,the proposed QAE-u8 model is more suitable for deployment on resource-constrained IoT edge devices.

关键词： IoT constrained system

Finite control set model predictive control of three-port converter for interfacing a PV-battery energy storage system to a three-phase stand-alone AC system

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Clean Energy 2024年第2期8卷 73-84页

作者： Gangashetty A.Preeti Anbalagan Karthikeyan Department of Electrical and Electronics Engineering National Institute of Technology KarnatakaSurathkal575025India

This paper proposes a multiport bidirectional non-isolated converter topology that provides advantages in terms of simultaneous multiple operations,single-stage conversion,high power density and reduced power losses due to the lower number of *** proposed multiport converter uses a centralized non-linear controller known as a finite control set model predictive controller to manage the flow of power between different *** deals with the parallel operation of photovoltaic and battery energy storage systems for stand-alone alternating current(AC)*** converter connects the lower voltage battery to the photovoltaic port using a bidirectional buck/boost converter and the photovoltaic port is linked to the stand-alone AC load through a three-phase full-bridge *** leg of the three-phase converter will act as a bidirectional direct current(DC)/DC converter as well as an inverter *** six switches manage the power transfer between all the connected ports of photovoltaic-battery energy storage system linked to the stand-alone AC *** proposed multiport converter is mathematically modelled and controlled by a finite control set model predictive *** system is validated in simulation(1-kW rating)and experimental environment(200-W rating).The hardware prototype is developed in the laboratory and the controller is implemented on the field-programmable gate array *** independent case studies are carried out to validate the efficacy of the *** first scenario is for a change in solar irradiance,while the second scenario is for a change in the output load.

关键词： multiport converter DC/AC converter DC/DC converter finite control set model predictive controller(FCSMPC) PV-BESS three-phase converter

Uncovering key salt-tolerant regulators through a combined eQTL and GWAS analysis using the super pan-genome in rice

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national Science Review 2024年第4期11卷 55-69页

作者： Hua Wei Xianmeng Wang Zhipeng Zhang Longbo Yang Qianqian Zhang Yilin Li Huiying He Dandan Chen Bin Zhang Chongke Zheng Yue Leng Xinglan Cao Yan Cui Chuanlin Shi Yifan Liu Yang Lv Jie Ma Wenchuang He Xiangpei Liu Qiang Xu Qiaoling Yuan Xiaoman Yu Tianyi Wang Hongge Qian Xiaoxia Li Bintao Zhang Hong Zhang Wu Chen Mingliang Guo Xiaofan Dai Yuexing Wang Xiaoming Zheng Longbiao Guo Xianzhi Xie Qian Qian Lianguang Shang Shenzhen Branch Guangdong Laboratory of Lingnan Modern AgricultureGenome Analysis Laboratory of the Ministry of Agriculture and Rural AffairsAgricultural Genomics Institute at ShenzhenChinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences institute of Wetland Agriculture and Ecology Shandong Academy of Agricultural Sciences State Key Laboratory of Rice Biology China National Rice Research Institute national Key Facility for Crop Gene Resources and Genetic Improvement Institute of Crop Science Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences Yazhouwan national Laboratory

For sessile plants, gene expression plays a pivotal role in responding to salinity stress by activating or suppressing specific genes. However, our knowledge of genetic variations governing gene expression in response to salt stress remains limited in natural germplasm. Through transcriptome analysis of the Global Mini-Core Rice Collection consisting of a panel of 202 accessions, we identified 22 345 and 27 610expression quantitative trait loci associated with the expression of 7787 and 9361 e Genes under normal and salt-stress conditions, respectively, leveraging the super pan-genome map. Notably, combined with genome-wide association studies, we swiftly pinpointed the potential candidate gene STG5—a major salt-tolerant locus known as q STS5. Intriguingly, STG5 is required for maintaining Na+/K+homeostasis by directly regulating the transcription of multiple members of the Os HKT gene family. Our study sheds light on how genetic variants influence the dynamic changes in gene expression responding to salinity stress and provides a valuable resource for the mining of salt-tolerant genes in the future.

关键词： super pan-genome expression quantitative trait loci GWAS salt tolerance rice

A pan-TE map highlights transposable elements underlying domestication and agronomic traits in Asian rice

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national Science Review 2024年第6期11卷 105-118页

作者： Xiaoxia Li Xiaofan Dai Huiying He Yang Lv Longbo Yang Wenchuang He Congcong Liu Hua Wei Xiangpei Liu Qiaoling Yuan Xianmeng Wang Tianyi Wang Bintao Zhang Hong Zhang Wu Chen Yue Leng Xiaoman Yu Hongge Qian Bin Zhang Mingliang Guo Zhipeng Zhang Chuanlin Shi Qianqian Zhang Yan Cui Qiang Xu Xinglan Cao Dandan Chen Yongfeng Zhou Qian Qian Lianguang Shang Shenzhen Branch Guangdong Laboratory of Lingnan Modern AgricultureGenome Analysis Laboratory of the Ministry of Agriculture and Rural AffairsAgricultural Genomics Institute at ShenzhenChinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences Rice Research institute Shenyang Agricultural University Yazhouwan national Laboratory State Key Laboratory of Rice Biology China National Rice Research Institute national Key Laboratory of Tropical Crop Breeding Tropical Crops Genetic Resources InstituteChinese Academy of Tropical Agricultural Sciences

Transposable elements(TEs) are ubiquitous genomic components and hard to study due to being highly repetitive. Here we assembled 232 chromosome-level genomes based on long-read sequencing *** the 232 genomes with 15 existing assemblies, we developed a pan-TE map comprising both cultivated and wild Asian rice. We detected 177 084 high-quality TE variations and inferred their derived state using outgroups. We found TEs were one source of phenotypic variation during rice domestication and differentiation. We identified 1246 genes whose expression variation was associated with TEs but not single-nucleotide polymorphisms(SNPs), such as Os Rboh B, and validated Os Rboh B's relative expression activity using a dual-Luciferase(LUC) reporter assays system. Our pan-TE map allowed us to detect multiple novel loci associated with agronomic traits. Collectively, our findings highlight the contributions of TEs to domestication, differentiation and agronomic traits in rice, and there is massive potential for gene cloning and molecular breeding by the high-quality Asian pan-TE map we generated.

关键词： transposable element super pan-genome pan-TE rice