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Machine learning solution for regional landslide susceptibility based on fault zone division strategy

Journal of Mountain Science 2024年第5期21卷 1745-1760页

作者： WANG Yunhao WANG Luqi LIU Songlin SUN Weixin LIU Pengfei ZHU Lin YANG Wenyu GUO Tong School of Civil engineering Chongqing UniversityChongqing 400045China Key Laboratory of New technology for Construction of Cities in Mountain Area Chongqing UniversityMinistry of EducationChongqing 400045China national Joint engineering research center of Geohazards prevention in the Reservoir Areas Chongqing UniversityChongqing 400045China Institute of geological Environment Monitoring Chongqing 401147China Chongqing 205 geological Team Chongqing 401121China

landslide susceptibility assessment is an essential tool for disaster prevention and management. In areas with multiple fault zones, the impact of fault zone on slope stability cannot be disregarded. This study performed qualitative analysis of fault zones and proposed a zoning method to assess the landslide susceptibility in Chengkou County, Chongqing Municipality, China. The region within a distance of 1 km from the faults was designated as sub-zone A, while the remaining area was labeled as sub-zone B. To accomplish the assessment, a dataset comprising 388 historical landslides and 388 non-landslide points was used to train the random forest model. 10-fold cross-validation was utilized to select the training and testing datasets for the model. The results of the models were analyzed and discussed, with a focus on model performance and prediction uncertainty. By implementing the proposed division strategy based on fault zone, the accuracy, precision, recall, F-score, and AUC of both two sub-zones surpassed those of the whole region. In comparison to the results obtained for the whole region, sub-zone B exhibited an increase in AUC by 6.15%, while sub-zone A demonstrated a corresponding increase of 1.66%. Moreover, the results of 100 random realizations indicated that the division strategy has little effect on the prediction uncertainty. This study introduces a novel approach to enhance the prediction accuracy of the landslide susceptibility mapping model in areas with multiple fault zones.

关键词： landslide susceptibility mapping Fault division strategy Random forest GIS

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Crack mechanism of ground fissures in loess layer of Fenwei Basin, China

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Journal of Mountain Science 2024年第5期21卷 1683-1696页

作者： LI Cong LU Quanzhong WANG Feiyong LUO Wenchao XU Qiang School of geological engineering and Geomatics Chang’an UniversityXi’an 710054China Key Laboratory of Western Mineral Resources and geological engineering Ministry of EducationXi’an 710054China Observation and research Station of Ground Fissure and land Subsidence Ministry of Natural ResourcesXi’an 710054China School of engineering and technology China University of GeosciencesBeijing 100083China

The Fenwei Basin, covered by loess, experiences severe ground fissure disasters. These disasters disrupt the continuity of the loess and pose significant threats to engineering construction safety along transportation routes. Nevertheless, the crack characteristics and the influence zone of ground fissures in the loess layer remain inadequately investigated. To effectively prevent and control ground fissure disasters, physical model tests and the PFC(particle flow code) numerical simulation method are used to investigate the crack mechanism of buried ground fissures in the loess layer. The results show that there are two main cracks in the layer profile, which have a Y-shape morphology. As the dip angle of the preset cracks increased from 60° to 90°, the main deformation zone at the surface gradually shifted towards the footwall. The process of crack propagation from depth to surface is divided into five stages. Additionally, the results confirm the accuracy of the width of the rupture zone d2in the footwall calculated by the cantilever beam theory. These findings can offer theoretical guidance for determining the avoidance distance of ground fissures in loess regions, as well as for implementing disaster prevention and corresponding control measures for various stages of buried ground fissure propagation.

关键词： Ground fissure Fenwei Basin Physical model test Particle flow code Crack propagation

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黄土生态护坡优化措施研究及水土流失治理效果预测

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Journal of Geographical Sciences 2024年第6期34卷 1083-1108页

作者：张晓超李明俐姚忠劭覃亮蒙明辉 State Key Laboratory of Geohazard prevention and Geoenvironment Protection Chengdu University of TechnologyChengdu 610059China Sichuan geological Environment Survey and research center Chengdu 610084China Sichuan Huadi Building engineering Co. Ltd.Chengdu 610084China Sichuan Province engineering technology research center of Geohazard prevention Chengdu 610084China

The large-scale management of ditches and implementation of land projects in loess areas have increased the arable land area but have caused considerable engineering issues, resulting in severe soil erosion. In this study, field tests were performed at different time scales, a control group was established, organic material–plant joint restoration technology was proposed as an optimized management measure, and the erosion control mechanism and restoration mode of organic material–plant joint restoration technology were analyzed. Based on the obtained experimental data, a Water Erosion Prediction Project(WEPP)-based hydraulic erosion model was constructed, sensitivity parameters were calibrated, and the soil erosion intensity and corresponding spatial distribution in the watershed of the study area were simulated via the geo-spatial interface for WEPP(GeoWEPP) after organic material–plant joint restoration technology was adopted to predict the effect of optimized management measures. The results showed that among the slopes with different restoration measures, organic material–plant joint restoration technology effectively controlled loess slope erosion, and the average erosion modulus of the organic material–grass and shrub transplantation slope reached only 23.37 t/km^(2), which is a decrease of 97.68% relative to the traditional grass–shrub protection slope. Moreover, the sand content of the joint restoration slope was reduced by 392.41 g/L relative to the bare slope, reaching only 0.29 g/L, and the runoff yield was reduced by 8.88 L/min. The GeoWEPP modeling results revealed that the total runoff yield and average annual erosion modulus of the watershed were lower after joint restoration than during the prerestoration period. Similarly, the total runoff yield of the watershed was 4.6%, the simulated 10-year average annual total sand production reached 2048.3 t,and the average annual erosion modulus was 582.75 t/km^(2), which is 52.15% lower than that under untrea

关键词： loess excavation slope slope surface erosion prevention and control measures GeoWEPP model erosion prediction

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Remote sensing and its applications using GNSS reflected signals:advances and prospects

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Satellite Navigation 2024年第1期5卷 10-51页

作者： Shuanggen Jin Adriano Camps Yan Jia Feng Wang Manuel Martin-Neira Feixiong Huang Qingyun Yan Shuangcheng Zhang Zhongyu Li Komi Edokossi Dongkai Yang Zhiyu Xiao Zhongmin Ma Weihua Bai Shanghai Astronomical Observatory Chinese Academy of SciencesShanghai200030China School of Surveying and land Information engineering Henan Polytechnic UniversityJiaozuo454003China Department of Signal Theory and Communications Technical University of CataloniaBarcelona08034Spain Department of Surveying and Geoinformatics Nanjing University of Posts and TelecommunicationsNanjing210023China School of Electronics and Information engineering Beihang UniversityBeijing100191China European Space research and technology Centre(ESTEC) European Space Agency2200-AGNoordwijkThe Netherlands national Space Science center Chinese Academy of SciencesBeijing100190China School of Remote Sensing and Geomatics engineering Nanjing University of Information Science and TechnologyNanjing210044China College of geological engineering and Geomatics Chang’an UniversityXi’an710054China University of Electronic Science and technology of China Chengdu611731China

The Global Navigation Satellite Systems(GNSS),including the US’s GPS,China’s BDS,the European Union’s Galileo,and Russia’s GLONASS,offer real-time,all-weather,any-time,anywhere and high precision observations by transmitting L band signals continuously,which have been widely used for positioning,navigation and *** the development of GNSS technology,it has been found that GNSS-reflected signals can be used to detect Earth’s surface characteristics together with other signals of *** this paper,the current status and latest advances are presented on Global Navigation Satellite System-Reflectometry(GNSS-R)in theory,methods,techniques and *** developments and progresses in GNSS-R instruments,theoretical modeling,and signal processing,ground and space-/air-borne experiments,parameters retrieval(*** speed,sea surface height,soil moisture,ice thickness),sea surface altimetry and applications in the atmosphere,oceans,land,vegetation,and cryosphere are given and reviewed in ***,the challenges in the GNSS-R development of each field are also ***,the future applications and prospects of GNSS-R are discussed,including multi-GNSS reflectometry,new GNSS-R receivers,GNSS-R missions,and emerging applications,such as mesoscale ocean eddies,ocean phytoplankton blooms,microplastics detection,target recognition,river flow,desert studies,natural hazards and landslides monitoring.

关键词： GNSS Reflectometry Remote sensing Environmental change

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Risk assessment of coastal flooding disaster by storm surge based on Elevation-Area method and hydrodynamic models:Taking Bohai Bay as an example

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China Geology 2024年第3期7卷 494-504页

作者： Fu Wang Xue-zheng Liu Yong Li Heng Yu Ming-zheng Wen Yun-zhuang Hu Tianjin center(North China center of Geoscience Innovation) China Geological SurveyTianjin 300170China Key Laboratory of Coast Geo-Environment China Geological SurveyTianjin 300170China Tianjin Key Laboratory of Coast geological Processes and Environmental Safety Tianjin 300170China Hebei University of Environmental engineering Qinhuangdao 066102China Hebei engineering research center for Ecological Restoration of seaward Rivers and Coastal Waters Qinhuangdao 066102China Department of Earth and Environment Boston UniversityBoston 02215USA

The future inundation by storm surge on coastal areas are currently *** increasing global sealevel due to climate change,the coastal flooding by storm surge is more and more frequently,especially in coastal lowland with land ***,the risk assessment of such inundation for these areas is of great significance for the sustainable socio-economic *** this paper,the authors use Elevation-Area method and Regional Ocean Model System(ROMS)model to assess the risk of the inundation of Bohai Bay by storm *** simulation results of Elevation-Area method show that either a 50-year or 100-year storm surge can inundate coastal areas exceeding 8000 km^(2);the numerical simulation results based on hydrodynamics,considering ground friction and duration of the storm surge high water,show that a 50-year or 100-year storm surge can only inundate an area of over 2000 km^(2),which is far less than 8000 km^(2);while,when taking into account the land subsidence and sea level rise,the very inundation range will rapidly increase by 2050 and *** storm surge will greatly impact the coastal area within about 10-30 km of the Bohai Bay,in where almost all major coastal projects are *** prompt response to flood disaster due to storm surge is urgently needed,for which five suggestions have been proposed based on the geological background of Bohai *** study may offer insight into the development of the response and adaptive plans for flooding disasters caused by storm surge.

关键词： Storm surge ROMS Elevation-Area method Numerical simulation land subsidence Flooding disaster Sea level rise Marine geological survey engineering geological disaster survey engineering Bohai Bay

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Human Expansion-Induced Biodiversity Crisis over Asia from 2000 to 2020

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research 2024年第2期2023卷 647-658页

作者： Chao Yang Qingquan Li Xuqing Wang Aihong Cui Junyi Chen Huizeng Liu Wei Ma Xuanyan Dong Tiezhu Shi Fanyi Meng Xiaohu Yan Kai Ding Guofeng Wu MNR Key Laboratory for Geo-Environmental Monitoring of Great Bay Area&Guangdong Key Laboratory of Urban Informatics&Shenzhen Key Laboratory of Spatial Smart Sensing and Services Shenzhen UniversityShenzhen 518060China School of Architecture and Urban Planning Shenzhen UniversityShenzhen 518060China College of Civil and transportation engineering Shenzhen UniversityShenzhen 518060China Guangdong Laboratory of Artificial Intelligence and Digital Economy(SZ) Shenzhen 518107China center for Hydrogeology and Environmental Geology China Geological SurveyBaoding 071051China Department of Geography Hong Kong Baptist UniversityHong Kong Special Administrative Region 999077China Faculty of land Resource engineering Kunming University of Science and TechnologyKunming 650093China institute for Advanced Study and Tiandu-Shenzhen University Deep Space Joint Laboratory Shenzhen UniversityShenzhen 518060China School of Civil engineering Chongqing Jjiaotong UniversityChongging 400074China Department of Cil and Environmental engineering Tohoku UniversitySendai 980-8579Japan School of Artificial Intelligence Shenzhen PolytechnicShenzhen 518055China School of Computer Science and technology Dongguan University of TechnologyDongguan 523419China

Asia stands out as a priority for urgent biodiversity conservation due to its large protected areas(PAs)and threatened *** the 21st century,both the highlands and lowlands of Asia have been experiencing the dramatic human ***,the threat degree of human expansion to biodiversity is poorly ***,the threat degree of human expansion to biodiversity over 2000 to 2020 in Asia at the continental(Asia),national(48 Asian countries),and hotspot(6,502 Asian terrestrial PAs established before 2000)scales is investigated by integrating multiple large-scale *** results show that human expansion poses widespread threat to biodiversity in Asia,especially in Southeast Asia,with Malaysia,Cambodia,and Vietnam having the largest threat degrees(~1.5 to 1.7 times of the Asian average level).Human expansion in highlands induces higher threats to biodiversity than that in lowlands in one-third Asian countries(most Southeast Asian countries).The regions with threats to biodiversity are present in~75%terrestrial PAs(including 4,866 PAs in 26 countries),and human expansion in PAs triggers higher threat degrees to biodiversity than that in *** findings provide novel insight for the Sustainable Development Goal 15(SDG-15 Life on land)and suggest that human expansion in Southeast Asian countries and PAs might hinder the realization of *** reduce the threat degree,Asian developing countries should accelerate economic transformation,and the developed countries in the world should reduce the demands for commodity trade in Southeast Asian countries(i.e.,trade leading to the loss of wildlife habitats)to alleviate human expansion,especially in PAs and highlands.

关键词： Human terrestrial integrating

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Characterization of alpine meadow surface crack and its correlation with root-soil properties

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Journal of Arid land 2024年第6期16卷 834-851页

作者： WU Yuechen ZHU Haili ZHANG Yu ZHANG Hailong LIU Guosong LIU Yabin LI Guorong HU Xiasong School of geological engineering Qinghai UniversityXining 810016China Key Laboratory of the Cenozoic Resources and Environment on the North Rim of the Qinghai-Tibet Plateau Xining 810016China Qinghai Provincial transportation Planning and Design research Institute Co.Ltd. Xining 810002China

Quantifying surface cracks in alpine meadows is a prerequisite and a key aspect in the study of grassland crack *** characterization indices are crucial for the quantitative characterization of complex cracks,serving as vital factors in assessing the degree of cracking and the development *** far,research on evaluating the degree of grassland degradation through crack characterization indices is rare,especially the quantitative analysis of the development of surface cracks in alpine meadows is relatively ***,based on the phenomenon of surface cracking during the degradation of alpine meadows in some regions of the Qinghai-Tibet Plateau,we selected the alpine meadow in the Huangcheng Mongolian Township,Menyuan Hui Autonomous County,Qinghai Province,China as the study area,used unmanned aerial vehicle(UAV)sensing technology to acquire low-altitude images of alpine meadow surface cracks at different degrees of degradation(light,medium,and heavy degradation),and analyzed the representative metrics characterizing the degree of crack development by interpreting the crack length,length density,branch angle,and burrow(rat hole)distribution density and combining them with in situ crack width and depth ***,the correlations between the crack characterization indices and the soil and root parameters of sample plots at different degrees of degradation in the study area were analyzed using the grey relation *** results revealed that with the increase of degradation,the physical and chemical properties of soil and the mechanical properties of root-soil composite changed significantly,the vegetation coverage reduced,and the root system aggregated in the surface layer of alpine *** the degree of degradation increased,the fracture morphology developed from"linear"to"dendritic",and eventually to a complex and irregular"polygonal"*** crack length,width,depth,and length density were identified as the crack char

关键词： alpine meadow grassland degradation grassland cracks crack characterization index crack morphology root length density grey relation analysis

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Quantifying the impact of earthquakes and geological factors on spatial heterogeneity of debris-flow prone areas:A case study in the Hengduan Mountains

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Journal of Mountain Science 2024年第5期21卷 1522-1533页

作者： HU Xudong SHEN Yitong HU Kaiheng XU Wennian LIU Daxiang HE Songtang GAO Jiazhen WEI Li LIU Shuang Hubei Provincial engineering research center of Slope Habitat Construction Technique Using Cement-based Materials(China Three Gorges University) Yichang 443002China Hubei Key Laboratory of disaster prevention and Mitigation(China Three Gorges University) Yichang 443002China College of Civil engineering and Architecture China Three Gorges UniversityYichang 443002China Shanghai Investigation Design&Research Institute Co.Ltd.Shanghai 200335China Key Laboratory of Mountain Hazards and Earth Surface Processes Chinese Academy of SciencesChengdu 610041China Institute of Mountain Hazards and Environment Chinese Academy of SciencesChengdu 610041China Wuhan Polytechnic Wuhan 430074China

Understanding the spatial heterogeneity of debris-flow-prone areas holds significant implications for regional risk management, particularly in seismically active regions with geological faults. Despite the significance of this knowledge, a comprehensive quantification of the influence of regional topographical and geological factors on the spatial heterogeneity of debris-flow-prone areas has been lacking. This study selected the Hengduan Mountains, an earthquake-prone region characterized by diverse surface conditions and complex landforms, as a representative study area. An improved units zoning and objective factors identification methodology was employed in earthquake and fault analysis to assess the impact of seismic activity and geological factors on spatial heterogeneity of debrisflow prone areas. Results showed that the application of GIS technology with hydrodynamic intensity and geographical units analysis can effectively analyze debris-flow prone areas. Meanwhile, earthquake and fault zones obviously increase the density of debrisflow prone catchments and make them unevenly distributed. The number of debris-flow prone areas shows a nonlinear variation with the gradual increase of geomorphic factor value. Specifically, the area with 1000 m-2500 m elevation difference, 25°-30° average slope, and 0.13-0.15 land use index is the most favorable conditions for debris-flow occurrence;The average annual rainfall from 600 to 1150 mm and landslides gradient from 16° to 35° are the main causal factors to trigger debris flow. Our study sheds light on the quantification of spatial heterogeneity in debris flow-prone areas in earthquake-prone regions, which can offer crucial support for post-debris flow risk management strategies.

关键词： debris-flow prone areas causal factors GIS-based method spatial heterogeneity Hengduan Mountains

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Numerical and experimental study of the effects of wind turbine operation on sand-dust transport characteristics

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Science China(Physics,Mechanics & Astronomy) 2024年第4期67卷 97-113页

作者： Gaosheng Ma Hong Han Ye Li Deshun Li Yan Wang Ning Fu Quan Zheng Rennian Li School of Energy and Power engineering Lanzhou University of TechnologyLanzhou 730050China Gansu Provincial technology center for Wind Turbines Lanzhou 730050China Key Laboratory of Fluid Machinery and Systems Lanzhou 730050China Multiple Function Towing Tank Laboratory State Key Laboratory of Ocean EngineeringSchool of Naval ArchitectureOcean and Civil EngineeringShanghai Jiao Tong UniversityShanghai 200240China

Given factors such as reduced land availability for onshore wind farms,wind resource enrichment levels,and costs,there is a growing trend of establishing wind farms in deserts,the Gobi,and other arid ***,the relationship between sanddust weather environments and wind turbine operations has garnered significant *** investigate the impact of wind turbine wakes on sand-dust transportation,this study employs large eddy simulation to model flow fields,coupled with an actuator line model for simulating rotating blades and a multiphase particle in cell model for simulating sand *** research focuses on a horizontal axis wind turbine model and examines the motion and spatiotemporal distribution characteristics of four typical sizes of sand particles in the turbine *** findings reveal that sand particles of varying sizes exhibit a spiral settling pattern after traversing the rotating plane of wind turbine blades,influenced by blade shedding vortex and *** particles tend to cluster in the peripheries of the vortex cores of low vorticity in the wind turbine *** rotation of wind turbines generates a wake vortex structure that causes a significant clustering of sand particles at the tip *** the wake distance increases,the particles that cluster at the turbine's tip gradually spread outward to approximately twice the rotor diameter and then begin to mix with the incoming flow *** turbines have a noticeable impact on sand-dust transportation,hindering their movement to a significant *** average sand-blocking rate exhibits a trend of initially increasing and then decreasing as the wake distance *** its peak,the sand-blocking rate reaches an impressive 67.55%.The presence of wind turbines induces the advanced settling of sand particles,resulting in a“triangular”distribution of the deposition within the ground projection area of the wake.

关键词： wind turbine particle transportation actuator line model dry deposition particle clustering

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Physical modeling of long-term dynamic characteristics of the subgrade for medium-low-speed maglevs

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Railway engineering Science 2023年第3期31卷 293-308页

作者： Minqi Dong Wubin Wang Chengjin Wang Zhichao Huang Zhaofeng Ding Zhixing Deng Qian Su School of Civil engineering Southwest Jiaotong UniversityChengdu 610031China national engineering research center of geological disaster prevention technology in land transportation Southwest Jiaotong UniversityChengdu 611756China China Railway Maglev transportation Investment Construction China Railway Construction Corporation LimitedWuhan 430000China

To investigate the dynamic characteristics and long-term dynamic stability of the new subgrade structure of medium-low-speed(MLS)maglevs,cyclic vibration tests were performed under natural and rainfall conditions,and the dynamic response of the subgrade structure was *** dynamic response attenuation characteristics along the depth direction of the subgrade were compared,and the distribution characteristics of the dynamic stress on the surface of the subgrade along the longitudinal direction of the line were *** critical dynamic stress and cumulative deformation were used as indicators to evaluate the long-term dynamic stability of the *** show that water has a certain effect on the dynamic characteristics of the subgrade,and the dynamic stress and acceleration increase with the water *** the dowel steel structure set between the rail-bearing beams,stress concentration at the end of the loaded beam can be prevented,and the diffusion distance of the dynamic stress along the longitudinal direction *** dynamic stress measured in the subgrade bed range is less than 1/5 of the critical dynamic *** postconstruction settlement of the subgrade after similarity ratio conversion is 3.94 mm and 7.72 mm under natural and rainfall conditions,respectively,and both values are less than the 30 mm limit,indicating that the MLS maglev subgrade structure has good long-term dynamic stability.

关键词： Medium-low-speed maglev Subgrade Dynamic characteristics Long-term dynamic stability Model test

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